Preventive Pediatrics 2018 Flashcards
Q: What is the recommended age for a child’s first dental visit according to the Philippine Pediatric Dental Society?
A: The first dental visit should be at the time of eruption of the first tooth and no later than 12 months of age.
Q: For how long should breastfeeding be encouraged according to the data provided?
A: Mothers must be encouraged to exclusively breastfeed up to six (6) months and continue on up to two (2) years and beyond, complementing with proper feeding practices.
Q: What are the current recommendations for physical activity for children and adolescents?
A: Age-appropriate physical activities for children and adolescents for 60 minutes daily (PASOO) or on most days of the week are recommended.
Q: What is the dosage and frequency of Vitamin A supplementation for children aged 12-59 months?
A: Children aged 12-59 months should receive 200,000 IU of Vitamin A every 6 months.
Q: What is the new normative BP reading for children aged 1-13 years old?
A: A BP reading less than the 90th percentile for age, gender, and height is considered normative for children aged 1-13 years old.
Q: How soon after birth should the initial newborn screening test be ideally done?
A: Newborn screening should ideally be done immediately after 24 hours from birth and a repeat screening should be collected at the 28th day of life.
Q: What mandates the screening of newborns for hearing loss in the Philippines?
A: The PPS Policy Statement on “Neonatal Hearing Screening” mandates that all infants born in hospitals in the Philippines are to undergo newborn hearing loss screening before discharge unless the parents or legal guardians of the newborn object to the screening subject to Section 7 of the Act.
Q: What is the recommended dose of iron drops for infants 6-11 months of age?
A: Infants 6-11 months of age should be given drops containing 15mg elemental iron/0.6ml once a day for 3 months.
Q: What is the recommended TB skin test read time and interpretation for screening purposes?
A: Using 5 TU PPD or 2 TU-RT23 test read at 48-72
Q: What is the primary cognitive effect of lead exposure in children?
A: The best-studied effect of lead exposure in children is cognitive impairment.
Q: What act mandates the reporting of suspected cases of child abuse in the Philippines?
A: The Republic Act 7610 (Anti Child Abuse Law) mandates that suspected cases of child abuse must be reported to the appropriate authorities within 48 hours from knowledge of the case.
Q: Which tests are recommended for sexually active adolescent females?
A: Vaginal wet mount and PAP smear are recommended for sexually active adolescent females.
Q: Which individuals are targeted for tuberculosis screening?
A: Tuberculosis screening is targeted among individuals who are at risk for developing the disease, including those with a known or suspected case of TB, chest x-ray suggestive of TB, and immunosuppressed condition.
Q: What is the recommended dosage of Albendazole for children aged 12 months to 23 months?
A: For children aged 12 months to 23 months, the recommended dosage of Albendazole is a single dose of 200mg every 6 months.
Q: What is emphasized in age-appropriate discussion and counseling at each pediatric visit?
A: Age-appropriate discussion and counseling should be an integral part of each visit, with a focus on developmental milestones and preventive healthcare.
Q: What is the threshold for hypertension in children aged 1-13 years according to the new normative BP tables?
A: Hypertension for aged 1-13 years old is defined as BP more than the 95th percentile to less than the 95th percentile +12 mmHg or 130/80 to 139/89 mmHg.
Q: At what age should newborns not born in hospitals undergo hearing loss screening according to the PPS policy?
A: Infants who are not born in hospitals should be screened within the first three (3) months after birth.
Q: What is the specific iron supplementation recommendation for adolescent girls?
A: Adolescent girls (10-19 years) should take a tablet containing 60mg elemental iron with 400mcg folic acid once a day.
Q: At what intervals should children aged 6-11 months receive Vitamin A supplements?
A: Infants aged 6-11 months should receive one dose of 100,000 IU of Vitamin A anytime between 6-11 months of age during the measles immunization.
Q: What are the recommendations for the introduction of complementary foods alongside breastfeeding?
A: Complementary foods should be introduced at 6 months to meet the evolving nutritional requirements of infants, while breastfeeding continues up to two years and beyond.
Q: What is the maximum recommended screen time for children regarding television and computer use?
A: Children should not be exposed to screen time (TV viewing and computer games) for periods greater than two hours per day.
Q: What specific attention should be given to infants 6 to less than 12 months regarding anemia prevention?
A: Special attention should be given to ensure infants 6 months to less than 12 months, and 12 months to 23 months, receive appropriate screening for anemia prevention.
Q: When is a screening urinalysis recommended by the Philippine Society of Adolescent Medicine Specialists?
A: Screening urinalysis is recommended on the first encounter with an adolescent patient and for all patients with signs and symptoms referable to a possible renal disease regardless of age.
Q: What is the main purpose of the HEADSSS format used during an adolescent’s well-child visit?
A: The HEADSSS format is used to perform a complete risk assessment and screening of adolescent patients. It is a comprehensive psychosocial interview guide that helps healthcare professionals to evaluate overall development and identify any issues needing monitoring or referral.
Q: Which symptom is not typically considered a ‘red flag’ for asthma in children?
A: Red flags for asthma typically include respiratory symptoms like chronic cough and wheezing, but the presence of itchy skin without respiratory symptoms is not typically a red flag for asthma.
Q: According to the WHO Child Growth Standards, how is growth assessed for children less than 2 years old?
A: For children less than 2 years old, growth is assessed by measuring recumbent length. If the child is 2 years or older and can stand, standing height is measured.
Q: Why is BMI considered a reliable growth indicator even when the age of a child is unknown?
A: BMI is a reliable indicator because it correlates with body fat and provides a more relevant growth measure even when the age is not known. It enables early detection and prevention of overweight and obesity problems.
Q: What groups of children are particularly recommended to receive a complete blood count at each stage of adolescence to screen for anemia?
A: Actively menstruating female adolescents and fad dieters are at risk for anemia and thus are recommended to have a complete blood count at each stage of adolescence.
Q: When is urinalysis specifically recommended for adolescents according to the Philippine Society of Adolescent Medicine Specialists?
A: Urinalysis is recommended on the first encounter with an adolescent patient and for all patients with signs and symptoms referable to a possible renal disease, regardless of age.
Q: What screenings are recommended annually for sexually active males according to the provided data?
A: Sexually active males must undergo serologic test for syphilis while both male and female sexually active adolescents should have an annual non-culture test for gonorrhea and Chlamydia.
Q: What is considered a positive Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) for individuals without known TB risks?
A: For individuals without known TB risks, an induration of 10 mm or more is considered positive.
Q: What are dentists assessing during a child’s first dental visit?
A: During the first dental visit, the dentist assesses the child’s general health, growth and behavior, oral hygiene, and periodontal health, and provides education on infant oral health and fluoride exposure.
Q: What is the stance of the Philippine Pediatric Society regarding the influence of media on children’s food choices?
A: The society recognizes that media food advertising, especially for convenience foods, processed foods, or sweetened drinks may influence children’s choices toward higher-fat or higher-energy foods.
Q: What aspect of prenatal education is targeted at preventing child maltreatment?
A: Anticipatory guidance to decrease the risk of injury and identify risk factors for child maltreatment is a crucial aspect of prenatal education.
Q: What is the protocol for follow-up after a healthy term newborn’s discharge?
A: For a well-baby, the follow-up appointment must be scheduled to be examined within 48 hours of discharge.
Q: Which developmental assessment tool is recommended for pediatricians to use during adolescent wellness visits?
A: The HEADSSS format is part of a complete history taking of adolescent patients and is recommended for developmental assessment.
Q: What initiative by the Philippine Ambulatory Pediatrics Association is aimed at promoting literacy in children?
A: The initiative strongly recommends that pediatricians advise parents about the importance of reading aloud to their children during the first years of life to develop language and literacy skills.
Q: Which children are at increased risk for iron deficiency anemia?
A: Children with poor nutritional history, those with a past or family history of anemia, and particularly those with cognitive and psychomotor abnormalities are at increased risk.
Q: What law requires the reporting of suspected child abuse cases by medical practitioners in the Philippines?
A: The Implementing Rules and Regulation of Republic Act 7610 (Anti Child Abuse Law) requires reporting by attending physicians and nurses within 48 hours from knowledge of the case.
Q: Up to what age is breastfeeding encouraged in well-child visits?
A: Breastfeeding is encouraged to continue up to two (2) years and beyond.
Q: What is the recommended duration of daily physical activity for children and adolescents?
A: Children and adolescents should engage in age-appropriate physical activities for at least 60 minutes daily.
Q: What is the purpose of the Simple Eye and Vision Screening Test recommended by the Philippine Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus?
A: The test is used as a screening tool for early detection of leukocoria and strabismus, which are presenting signs of retinoblastoma.
Q: According to the iron supplementation table, what is the preparation and dose for low birth weight infants?
A: Low birth weight infants should receive drops containing 15mg elemental iron/0.6ml once a day starting at two months of age until 6 months when complementary foods are given.
Q: When is Vitamin A supplementation indicated for children according to the provided guidelines?
A: Vitamin A supplementation is indicated for all infants aged 6-11 months with a single dose of 100,000 IU and for children 12-59 months with a dose of 200,000 IU every 6 months.
Q: What immunization is mandated by the Anti Rabies Act of 2007 for schoolchildren aged 5 to 14 years in the Philippines?
A: The Anti Rabies Act of 2007 mandates the creation of a National Rabies Prevention and Control Program, which includes rabies immunization or Pre Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for schoolchildren aged 5 to 14 years.
Q: At what intervals is a complete blood count recommended for children at risk of anemia?
A: A complete blood count is recommended at least once between the intervals of 2-6 months, 2-6 years, and 10-19 years for those at risk of anemia.
Q: What is the recommended age for exclusive breastfeeding according to the Philippine Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition?
A: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for up to six (6) months, with continued breastfeeding along with appropriate complementary foods up to two (2) years and beyond.
Q: What does the Philippine Pediatric Dental Society recommend for the first dental visit?
A: The first dental visit is recommended to be done at the time of eruption of the first tooth and no later than 12 months of age, during which the dentist will assess the child’s oral health and provide education on oral health and fluoride exposure.
Q: What action is required of healthcare workers under the Republic Act 7610 if they suspect child abuse?
A: Under Republic Act 7610, healthcare workers are required to report suspected cases of child abuse to the proper authorities within 48 hours from knowledge of the case.
Q: What is the iron supplementation dose for infants 6-11 months old?
A: Infants 6-11 months old should receive iron drops containing 15mg of elemental iron/0.6ml once a day for 3 months.
Q: What is the maximum recommended screen time for children according to the Philippine Pediatric Society’s policy on physical activity?
A: The Philippine Pediatric Society recommends that children should not engage in screen activities (TV viewing and computer games) for periods greater than two hours per day.
Q: What is the recommended action for children who have a history of contact with a known or suspected case of tuberculosis?
A: Children with a history of contact with a known or suspected case of tuberculosis should receive a Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and be evaluated for signs and symptoms of TB, including a chest x-ray if indicated.
Q: What is the mandated time frame for conducting newborn hearing loss screening in the Philippines?
A: Newborn hearing loss screening should be performed before discharge from the hospital, or within the first three (3) months after birth if not born in a hospital.
Q: What supplement is recommended during the prenatal period to decrease the risk of neural tube defects?
A: Maternal nutrition during the prenatal period should include folic acid supplementation to decrease the risk of neural tube defects.
Q: How is BMI used to assess overweight and obesity in children according to the guidelines?
A: BMI is a reliable indicator even when the age of a child is unknown and helps to assess the risk of overweight and obesity by correlating with body fat.
Q: What age is exclusive breastfeeding recommended until, as per the guidelines?
A: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for infants up to six (6) months of age.
Q: Why is weight-for-length/height a preferred growth indicator for children under 2 years old?
A: Weight-for-length/height is preferred for children under 2 years old because it accurately reflects body composition regardless of age and helps in the early detection of overweight and obesity.
Q: What additional measure is suggested if a growth chart indicates a child with low weight might have edema?
A: If a growth chart indicates low weight, and there is a suspicion of edema, a note should be made on the growth chart to investigate possible edema, which can hide severe malnutrition like kwashiorkor.
Q: According to the uploaded data, within how many hours should a suspected child abuse case be reported?
A: Suspected child abuse cases should be reported within 48 hours from the knowledge of the case.
Q: What key assessments should be made during a child’s first dental visit?
A: During the first dental visit, assessments of the child’s general health, growth and behavior, oral hygiene, and periodontal health should be made.
Q: At what ages should a complete blood count be performed to screen for anemia in children?
A: A complete blood count should be performed at least once between 2-6 months, 2-6 years, and 10-19 years.
Q: What is the Vitamin A dose for infants aged 6-11 months according to the guidelines?
A: Infants aged 6-11 months should receive one dose of 100,000 IU of Vitamin A.
Q: What is considered a normative blood pressure reading for a child aged 1-13 years according to the guidelines?
A: A normative blood pressure reading for a child aged 1-13 years is less than the 90th percentile for age, gender, and height.
Q: What is the recommended time frame for the initial and repeat newborn screening test?
A: The initial newborn screening test should ideally be done 24 hours after birth, and a repeat screening should be collected at the 28th day of life.
Q: According to the policy, when should newborn hearing loss screening be conducted?
A: Newborn hearing loss screening should be conducted before discharge from the hospital or within the first three (3) months after birth.
Q: What is the recommended iron supplement dosage for children 1-5 years old?
A: Children 1-5 years old should receive syrup containing 30mg elemental iron/5ml once a day for 3 months or 30mg once a week for 6 months with supervised administration.
Q: What induration size is considered a positive TB skin test result in a child with no known risks?
A: An induration size of 10 mm or more is considered positive in a child with no known risk factors for TB.
Q: When is a screening urinalysis recommended for adolescents?
A: Screening urinalysis is recommended on the first encounter with an adolescent patient and for all patients with signs and symptoms referable to a possible renal disease, regardless of age.
