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#DAY4_PEDIATRICS > PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS > Flashcards

PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS Flashcards

1
Q

INACTIVATED VACCINES

A
  • Hepatitis B vaccine
  • DPT vaccine
  • H. influenzae b vaccine
  • Pneumococcal vaccine
  • Hepatitis A vaccine
  • Meningococcal vaccine
  • Influenza trivalent vaccine
  • Human papillomavirus vaccine
  • Typhoid fever vaccine (IM)
  • Rabies vaccine
  • Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
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2
Q

LIVE VACCINES

A
  • BCG vaccine
  • Measles vaccine
  • MMR vaccine
  • Varicella vaccine
  • Rotavirus vaccine
  • Influenza attenuated vaccine (intranasal)
  • Typhoid fever (oral) vaccine
  • Oral polio vaccine
  • Japanese Encephalitis
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3
Q

Vaccine spacing and intervals

A
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4
Q

Yellow fever vaccine (live) and Cholera vaccine (inactivated) – separate by at least ____ because of diminished Ab response if given simultaneously

A

3 weeks

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5
Q

Can two live vaccines be given together?

A

YES

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6
Q

Can live-inactivated be given together?

A

YES

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7
Q

Can I give a live vaccine today followed by an inactivated tomorrow?

A

YES

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8
Q

Can I give an inactivated today then inactivated tomorrow?

A

YES

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9
Q

Can I give inactivated today and live tomorrow?

A

YES

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10
Q

Can I give Live today and another live tomorrow?

A

NO

* If live + live vaccine, either give it SIMULTANEOUSLY, otherwise you have to wait 4 weeks.

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11
Q

BCG

A
  • At birth, preferably within first 2mo
  • Intradermal
    • 0.05ml < 12months
    • 0.1ml >12months
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12
Q

2 permanent contraindications to vaccination

A
  1. Anaphylactic reaction
  2. Encephalopathy not due to another identifiable cause occurring within 7 days after pertussis vaccination
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13
Q

2 temporary contraindications to live vaccines but not with inactivated vaccines:

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. immunosuppression
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14
Q

What is the earliest time you can give the measles vaccine?

A

6 months

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15
Q

PPS RECOMMENDED VACCINES

A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Hep B

A
  • At birth w/in 12hours of life
  • 6-10-14weeks
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18
Q

DPT

A
  • 6-10-14weeks
  • Booster Usually at 1y/o and 4yo
  • Interval between 3 rd and 4 th dose is 6months (4months is acceptable). 5 th dose not needed if 4 th dose given at 4y/o or older
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19
Q

Hib

A
  • 6-10-14weeks
  • 12-15mo booster
  • Booster given 6mo from 3rd dose
  • Not routinely given >5y/o
20
Q

Polio

A
  • 6-10-14weeks
  • booster On or after 4th birthday
  • Oral or IM
  • Booster 6months from the previous dose
21
Q

Pneumococcal

A
  • 6-10-14weeks
  • booster 6months after 3rd dose
  • Healthy children 2-5y/o without previous vaccine may be given 1 dose PCV 13 or 2 doses PCV 10 8 weeks apart
  • Not recommended for > 5y/
22
Q

Rotavirus Vaccine

A
  • 1 st dose: ALL infants 6 weeks up to 14 weeks and 6 days old
  • 2nd dose: 10—32 weeks (final dose 8 months and 0 day)
  • Should be strict with the schedule because of possible intussusception
  • CUTOFF AGE: 14 weeks and 6 days old
  • DO NOT give rotavirus vaccine beyond the cut-off age!
23
Q

Influenza

A
  • minimum 6months
  • Initial of 2 doses 4 weeks apart for 6months to 8y/o
  • 0.25ml for 6mo-35mo
  • 0.5ml for 36mo-18y/o
24
Q

Measles

A
  • 9months
  • Subcutaneous
  • May be given at 6months if with outbreak
25
Q

Japanese Encephalitis

A
  • 9months
  • Subcutaneous
  • 9-17yo give 1 booster 12-24 months from primary series
  • 18y/o and above total 1 dose
  • <18y/o total of 2 doses
26
Q

MMR

A
  • 12months
  • 2 doses at least 4 weeks apart
  • 2 nd dose usually at 4-6y/o
  • Subcutaneous
  • Children <12mo given any measles containing vaccine should receive additional 2 doses of MMR
27
Q

Varicella

A
  • 12months
  • 2 doses
  • 2nd dose at 4-6y/o
  • <13yo – interval between 2 doses at least 3months
  • (*4 weeks is acceptable)
  • 13 and above- 4 weeks interval
28
Q

Hepatitis A

A
  • 12months
  • 2 doses 6 months apart
29
Q

Tetanus and diphtheria toxoid (Td) / Tetanus and diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (TDaP)

A
  • Fully immunized children, defined as 5 doses of DTP or 4 doses if 4 th dose given on or after 4 th birthday, Td booster given every 10 years.
  • Single Tdap can be given to replace due dose of Td
  • Fully immunized pregnant adolescent give 1 dose Tdap any time after 20 weeks AOG
  • Unimmunized pregnant adolescent give 3 dose td containing vaccine (Td/Tdap) following 0-1-6mo schedule.

Tdap should replace Td preferably after 20weeks AOG

30
Q

Human Papilloma Virus

A
  • 9y/o
  • Bivalent 0-16months
  • Quadrivalent 02-6months
  • Interval between:
    • 1st and 2nd dose is 1 month
    • 2nd and 3rd dose is 3months
    • 3rd and 1st dose is 6months
31
Q

A male neonate was born from a HbsAg (+) mother, which among the ff. should be given to the neonate?

A

Hep B Vaccine and Hep B Immunoglobulin

32
Q

Active anti-rabies vaccine

A

0.5 ml IM on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28

33
Q

Passive rabies vaccine

A
  1. HRIG – 20 U/kg (1/2 of the dose IM & ½ of the dose infiltrated around the wound), or;
  2. ERIG – 40 U/kg (needs skin testing)
34
Q

Drug of choice for rabies prophylaxis?

A

Co-Amoxiclav at 40 mg/kg/day for 7 days

35
Q

Simultaneous administration of Vaccines, no comtraindication except for

A
  1. MCV and DPT, and
  2. Yellow fever and Cholera
36
Q

A 10-month-old infant had measles, what will you give in an exposed unvaccinated child to prevent measles?

A

Vaccinate immediately

37
Q

POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS for varicella exposure

A

o VZIG within 96 hours 1 vial (125 U/1.25ml) per 10 kg IM (never IV!!) max of 5 vials

o Vaccine: healthy children within 3-5 days

o Newborn: give if onset of varicella <5 d pre delivery or within 48 hours

38
Q

Meningococcemia prophylaxis

A

Rifampicin, Ceftriaxone or Ciprofloxacin (adults)

39
Q

Diphtheria

A

o All close contact regardless of immune status

o Give booster if none within last 5 years

o Erythromycin 40-50mg/kg/d or Benzathine Pen G

40
Q

In children younger than 1 year of age, what is the preferred site for IM injection?

A

anterolateral aspect of the thigh provides the largest muscle

41
Q

In older children, what is the preferred site for IM?

A

deltoid muscle

42
Q

This site should not be used for active immunization because the gluteal region is covered by a significant layer of subcutaneous fat and because of the possibility of damaging the sciatic nerve.

A

upper, outer aspect of the buttocks

43
Q

DEWORMING

A
  • Recommended for all children 1-12yo
  • Albendazole
    • 12mos to 23mos – 200mg single dose Q6mo
    • 24mos and up – 400mg single dose Q6mo
  • Mebendazole
    • 12months and above – 500mg single dose Q6mo
44
Q

IRON SUPPLEMENTATION

A
45
Q

Contraindications to Deworming

A

o Severe malnutrition

o High grade fever

o Profuse diarrhea

o Abdominal Pain

o Serious illness

o Hypersensitivity to anti-helminthic drug

#DAY4_PEDIATRICS (15 decks)

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