Preventive Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
What is the amount (ppm) of fluoride recommended for infants?
Dietary FLUORIDE supplements dose (birth-6 mos)
A
NONE
2
Q
After eruption and throughout the life span of the teeth, the concentration of fluoride on the OUTERMOST SURFACE OF ENAMEL is dependent on: Select the Correct Answers
A.) fluoridated drinking water
B.) other fluoride drinking water
C.) daily topical sources of fluoride
D.) dentifrices
E.) mouthrinses
A
All of the above:
A.) fluoridated drinking water
B.) other fluoride drinking water
C.) daily topical sources of fluoride
D.) dentifrices
E.) mouthrinses
3
Q
Uptake is most rapid on the enamel surface during the first years after eruption.
TRUE or FALSE
A
TRUE
4
Q
What are the characteristics of Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF)? Note: The other choices are characteristics of NaF neutral varnish and gel/foam.
Select the that apply
A.) 9,050 ppm E.) 22,600 ppm
B.) 2% gel or foam F.) 7 pH
C.) 1.23% gel or foam G.) 3.5 pH
D.) 12,300 ppm H.) 5% varnish
A
Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) NaF neutral varnish and gel/foam
C.) 1.23% gel or foam A.) 9,050 ppm
D.) 12,300 ppm B.) 2% gel or foam
G.) 3.5 pH E.) 22,600 ppm
F.) 7 pH
H.) 5% varnish
5
Q
What type of professionally applied topical fluoride has 5% NaF?
Select the Correct Answers
A.) acidulated phosphate
B.) NaF neutral sodium gel/foam
C.) Varnish
A
C.) Varnish
6
Q
What is the OPTIMAL concentration of water fluoridation for ALL communities? Select the Correct Answers
A.) 0.3-0.6 ppm
B.) 1.2 ppm
C.) 0.7 ppm
D.) 0.3ppm
A
C.) 0.7 ppm
7
Q
Formulate an OHI for a patient who frequently drinks soda/pop: Select ALL that apply:
A.) personal fluoride use
B.) eliminate fermentable carbohydrate exposures between meals and at the end of meals
C.) chew sugar-free gum at ends of meals
A
A.) personal fluoride use
B.) eliminate fermentable carbohydrate exposures between meals and at the end of meals
C.) chew sugar-free gum at end of meals
8
Q
Professional fluoride applications include the following: Select ALL that apply:
A.) 2.0% NaF as gel or foam delivered in trays
B.) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) as a gel or foam delivered in trays
C.) 5% NaF as a varnish brushed on the teeth
A
A.) 2.0% NaF as gel or foam delivered in trays
B.) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) as a gel or foam delivered in trays
C.) 5% NaF as a varnish brushed on the teeth
9
Q
The _____________ component of ____________ can dissolve the filler particles of the composite resin restorations
A.) hydrofluoride/NaF
B.) hydrofluoride/APF
A
B.) hydrofluoride/
APF
10
Q
_______ received approval from the United States FDA in 1994 for use as a cavity liner and for treatment of hypersensitive teeth. Select the Correct Answers
A.) varnish
B.) NaF neutral sodium gel/foam
C.) acidulated phosphate (APF)
A
A.) varnish
11
Q
Name the ppm of fluoride ions:
- 5% NaF varnish
- 1.23% APF gel/foam
- 2.0% NaF gel
A
- 5% NaF varnish = 22,600ppm fluoride ion
- 1.23% APF gel/foam = 12,300ppm fluoride ion
- 2.0% NaF gel C.) 9,050ppm fluoride ion
12
Q
Which toothbrushing technique might you recommend for a
patient with recession?
A.) Fones and Charters
B.) Stillman’s and Charters
C.) Bass and Fones
A
B.) Stillman’s
and
Charters
13
Q
There is weak evidence to support the use of FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTS to prevent dental caries in primary teeth. Consider the child’s age, caries risk, and all sources of fluoride exposure before recommending the use of fluoride supplements.
TRUE or FALSE
A
TRUE
14
Q
Order the following from lowest ppm to highest ppm
A. 1.23% acidulated phosphate (APF) gel or foam
B.. 5% neutral sodium (NaF) varnish
C. 2% neutral sodium (NaF) gel or foam
A
C. 2% neutral sodium (NaF) gel or foam (9,050 ppm)
A. 1.23% acidulated phosphate (APF) gel or foam (12,300 ppm)
B. 5% neutral sodium (NaF) varnish (22,600 ppm)
15
Q
The patient swishes for 1 minute with a measured amount of a fluoride rinse and expectorates.
TRUE or FALSE
A
TRUE
16
Q
_______ refers to the rapid intake of an excess dose over a short time.
A.) chronic toxicity
B.) acute toxicity
A
B.) acute toxicity
17
Q
________ refers to long-term ingestion of fluoride in amounts that exceed the approved therapeutic levels
A.) acute toxicity
B.) chronic toxicity
A
B.) chronic toxicity
18
Q
Adult Certainly Lethal Dose (CLD) is ______ , and children lethal dose is _________.
A.) 1-5g/.5-1g of NaF
B.) 5-10g/.5-1g of NaF
A
B.) 5-10g / 0.5-1g of NaF
* children = 1/10 of adult
19
Q
The recommendation for the optimal concentration of water fluoridation to 0.7 ppm for ALL communities.
TRUE or FALSE
A
TRUE
20
Q
The basic effect of fluoride: Estimates have shown that the reduction in caries due to water fluoridation ALONE (factoring out other sources of topical fluoride) among adults of all ages is 27%.
TRUE or FALSE
A
TRUE
21
Q
Ingestion of naturally occurring excess fluoride in the drinking water and/or fluoride dental products can produce visible DENTAL FLUOROSIS ONLY when used during the years of development of the crowns of the teeth, namely, from birth until age 16 or 18 years or when the crowns of the third permanent molars are completed.
TRUE or FALSE
A
TRUE
22
Q
Developing tooth during mineralization shows fluoride from water and other systemic sources DEPOSITED in the _______ and ______.
Select All That Apply:
A.) enamel
B.) dentin
C.) pulp tissue
A
A.) enamel
B.) dentin
23
Q
Fluoride is deposited during the formation of the enamel, starting at the ____________, after the enamel matrix has been laid down by the ameloblasts. The hydroxyapatite crystalline structure becomes fluorapatite, which is a less soluble apatite crystal.
A.) DEJ
B.) CEJ
A
A.) DEJ
24
Q
Inhibits growth, metabolism, polysaccharide production of S. mutans
A.) fluoride
B.) xylitol
C.) antimicrobial pre-rinse
A
B.) xylitol
25
**Xylitol**: **Reduces** levels of **S. mutans** and promotes **remineralization.**
**Reduces** dental **decay** if used **regularly** and at **appropriate levels.**
TRUE or FALSE
**TRUE**
26
Consists of a **plastic handle** in which a **toothpick** is **broken off** at an **angle**. Perfect for **cleaning furcation areas**
A.) perio tip
B.) perio pik
C.) perio aid
D.) perio end
C.) **perio aid**
27
An **individual** will generally **respond best** to **motivation** that is **directed** at which levels of **Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs**?
A.) love and acceptance
B.) safety and security
C.) social and esteem
D.) self-actualization and ego
C.) **social and esteem**
28
**Maslow's hierarchy** of **human needs** that includes **morality, creativity,** and **acceptance of facts.**
A.) physiological needs
B.) self-actualization
C.) safety and security
D.) love and belonging
B.) **self-actualization**
29
**Maslow's hierarchy of human needs** that includes **confidence,** and **respect of others.**
A.) safety and security
B.) love and belonging
C.) self-esteem
D.) self-actualization
C.) **self-esteem**
30
**Maslow's hierarchy of human needs** includes **friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection.**
A.) self-esteem
B.) self-actualization
C.) safety and security
D.) love and belonging
D.) **love and belonging**
31
**Maslow's hierarchy of human needs** that includes **health, employment, property, family** and **social stability**
A.) self-esteem
B.) love and belonging
C.) safety and security
D.) physiological needs
C.) **safety and security**
32
**Maslow's hierarchy of human needs** that includes **breathing, food, shelter, sex, sleep.**
A.) self-esteem
B.) physiological needs
C.) safety and security
D.) love and belonging
B.) **physiological needs**
33
This **type of learning** pertains to **interests, attitudes, and values** and the **development of appreciations** and **adequate adjustments**
A.) cognitive
B.) affective
C.) psychomotor
B.) **affective**
34
This **type of learning** pertains to the **recall** or **recognition of facts** and the **development** of **intellectual skill** and **abilities**
A.) affective
B.) cognitive
C.) psychomotor
B.) **cognitive**
35
This **type of learning** pertains to the **manipulative** or **motor skill areas**
A.) affective
B.) cognitive
C.) psychomotor
C.) **psychomotor**
36
The **first** course of action in the dental hygiene **process of care** is to:
A. recognize any deviations or abnormalities.
B. identify the presence of plaque deposits.
C. obtain medical and dental histories.
D. classify the extent of periodontal disease.
C. **obtain medical and dental histories.**
The dental hygiene process of care includes **assessment,** dental hygiene **diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation,** and **documentation.** Recognizing deviations or abnormalities (A) and identifying and classifying data (B, D) are components of the dental hygiene **diagnosis.**
37
In the patient with recession and areas of root surfaces exposed, what kind of tray is deep enough to cover the root surfaces where fluoride is needed for prevention of root caries or hypersensitivity? A.) regular try-in tray B.) custom made tray
B.) custom made tray
38
**Most fluoride** is **EXCRETED** through the **kidneys** in the **URINE**, with a **small amount excreted** by the **sweat glands** and **feces**.
TRUE or FALSE
**TRUE**
39
Correct sequence for teaching patient oriented plaque control plan
**ADPIED**
Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation Documentation
40
Where might you find the **largest deposits** of **supragingival calculus**?
A.) mandibular anterior facial
B.) maxillary anterior facial
C.) mandibular anterior lingual
D.) maxillary anterior lingual
C.) **mandibular anterior lingual**
41
The **MAIN** goal of **patient education** for the **prevention** of **dental disease** is to:
**Guide behavioral changes** that result in **improved oral hygiene**
42
The following are **4 accepted steps** to keep in mind for the **actual instruction:** (happens during the **Implementation stage**)
1. **active participation**
2. **immediate feedback**
3. **self-pacing**
4. **small step size**
43
What are the **core values** of professional **dental hygiene** practice?
**Autonomy** and respect for human beings
**Confidentiality**
**Societal trust**
**Beneficence**- act of doing good
**Nonmaleficence**- avoid harm
**Justice/fairness**
**Veracity**- duty to tell the truth
44
**6 Learning Ladder steps**
1. **Unawareness**-
unaware of the problem or any reason to make change
2. A**wareness**
becomes aware of a condition that may require a change in behavior
3. S**elf-interest**
the aware person contemplates how this new info applies to them
4. **Involvement**
5. **Action**
6. C**hange**
habit formation
45
Composition of Dental **Biofilm** (plaque)
**Organic** and **inorganic solids** constitute approximately **20%**
(**Microorganisms** make up at least **70% to 80%** of the **solid matter**)
and
**water** accounts for **80%**.
46
How far **subgingivally** can **mouth rinses** deliver an **agent**?
A.) 2 mm
B.) 4 mm
C.) 6 mm
D.) 8 mm
A.) **2 mm**
47
Dental **biofilm** can be **removed** by:
Select ALL That Apply
A.) brushing
B.) fluoride
C.) flossing
D.) xylitol
A.) **brushing**
C.) **flossing**
48
**Stages** in the **formation of biofilm**
1. **formation**
2. bacterial **multiplication** and **colonization**
3. **matrix formation**
4. **biofilm growth**
5. **maturation**
49
What is **dental caries**' **earliest clinical evidence** of an **enamel lesion?**
A.) moderate
B.) incipient
C.) advanced
B.) **incipient**
50
What are the **elements associated** with **demineralization**?
Select ALL That Apply
A.) acidogenic bacteria
B.) fermentable carbohydrates
C.) acids
D.) incipient lesions
E.) sugary drinks
A.) **acidogenic bacteria**
B.) **fermentable carbohydrates**
C.) **acids**
51
Essential oils – what do Phenolic-related Essential Oils like LISTERINE do?
A.) promote oral wound healing
B.) reduce caries
C.) use alcohols to penetrate the tissue
D.) significant reduction in the levels of biofilm and gingivitis
E. alter bacterial cell wall
D.) **significant reduction** in the levels of **biofilm and gingivitis**
E.) **alter bacterial cell wall**
52
How does **fluoride** play a key role in **remineralization**?
**Fluoride** plays the role of helping **remineralize** the tooth.
Once the **demineralization** occurs, the **lesion** area **readily accepts** the ***fluoride*** which **forms a layer** that **attracts calcium** and **phosphate ions**,
**strengthening the tooth** once more
53
What characteristic of **1.23% APF gel enhances** **fluoride uptake,** which is
**greatest** during the **first 4 minutes**?
It's **low pH of 3.5**
54
What is the **pH** of **NaF varnish and gel**?
**7.0pH**
55
**Triclosan, zinc citrate,** and **stannous fluoride** found in **dentrifices** all **aids in:**
**reduction** of **biofilm formation**
56
**Dental caries** is an **infectious, transmissible disease**
TRUE or FALSE
**TRUE**
57
When is **dental floss MOST effective**?
A.) interdental papilla with no loss of attachment
B.) inflammation in the col area
C.) wide embrasure spaces
D.) orthodontic appliances
E.) fixed prosthesis
A.) **interdental papilla** with **no loss of attachment**
58
What suggests that **inner forces** drive a person **into action** and that **some needs take precedence over others**?
A.) Theory of reasoned action
B.) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs C
.) Locus of control
D.) Self-efficacy
E.) Communication Theory
F.) Health belief model
B.) **Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs**
59
**Children** should get **sealants** on their **permanent molars** as soon as the teeth come in -- **before decay attacks the teeth.**
TRUE or FALSE
**TRUE**
60
What are the **adult** and **pediatric maximum** **dose**
of **_low potency_ fluoride solution**?
**10 mL**
61
**Frequent rinsing** with **low concentrations** of **fluoride** has the following effects:
1. greater benefit to **newly erupted teeth**
2. a **26-29%** average **reduction** in **dental caries incidence**
3. **greater benefit** for **smooth surfaces**, but **some benefit** to **pits and fissures**
4. **primary teeth** present in **school-aged children** benefit by as much as **42.5%** average **reduction** in **dental caries** incidence
62
Where is **fluoride** **most concentrated** in **teeth**?
the **outermost** surface of the **enamel**
63
The **teeth store fluoride** in small amounts,
with the **highest levels** on the
**tooth surface**
64
"**Tartar contro**l" dentrifices that contain **pyrophosphate salts, zinc salts (zinc chloride** and **zinc citrate), sodium hexametaphosphate**
and **triclosan/copolymer** help to:
A.) reduction of caries
B.) reduction/inhibits supragingival calculus formation
C.) reduction of gingivitis
B.) **reduction/inhibits** **supragingival calculus formation**
65
**Uptake** is **most rapid** on the **enamel** surface during the **first years** after **eruption**. **Low pH of 3.5 (APF)** enhances fluoride **UPTAKE**, which is **greatest** during the **first 4 minutes.**
A.) both statements are correct
B.) both statements are false
C.) the first statement is correct and the second statement is false
D.) the first statement is false and the second statement is correct
A.) **both** statements are **correct**
66
**_Weekly_ topical** sources of **fluoride prevent demineralization** and
**encourages remineralization** for the **prevention** of **dental caries.**
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
**_DAILY_** **topical** sources of **fluoride** to **prevent demineralization** and
**encourages remineralization** for the **prevention** of **dental caries.**
67
**Mouthrinsing** is a **practical** and **effective** means for **self-application** of **fluoride** for individuals at **moderate** or **high caries risk.**
(**low** potency = **0.05% NaF**; **230 ppm**
**high** potency = **0.20% NaF; 905 ppm**)
TRUE or FALSE
**TRUE**
68
The **Tin ion** **interferes** with **cell metabolism** for **antimicrobial effect.** This **mechanism of action** describes what type of **fluoride**?
A.) sodium fluoride (NaF)
B.) acidulated phosphate (APF)
C.) stannous fluoride (SnF2)
C.) **stannous fluoride (SnF2)**
69
An **alternative treatment** for **caries**; **colorless liquid**; **pH 10**; approx. **25% silver** and **5% fluoride**, **blackens** areas **where applied;** has a **metallic taste**. This best describes?
A.) neutral sodium
B.) acidulated phosphate
C.) stannous fluoride
D.) silver diamine fluoride
E.) varnish
D.) **silver diamine fluoride**
70
All of the following describes a **low-risk** category for the **development** of
**dental caries** Select ALL That Apply
A.) normal salivary flow
B.) poor manual dexterity
C.) uses xylitol gum
D.) sealants in pits and fissures
A.) **normal salivary flow**
C.) uses **xylitol gum**
D.) **sealants** in **pits** and **fissures**
71
Side effects of **chlorhexidine (CHX)** use
1. **staining** of teeth, restoration, soft tissues
2. minor **irritation** of soft tissues, lips and tongue
3. **increase** in **supragingival calculus formation**
4. **altered taste** perception
72
What **broad-spectrum antibacterial agent** is **effective** against
**BOTH**
**Gram-Negative** and **Gram-Positive** bacteria
A) pyrophosphate salts
B) triclosan
C) zinc citrate
D) sodium hexametaphosphate
B) **triclosan**
73
The **ADA** is a **mandatory program** that **informs the public** and dental **professionals** about **consumer products**
TRUE or FALSE
**FALSE**
The ADA is a **VOLUNTARY** program that informs the public and dental professionals about consumer products
74
What is the **primary agent** used in the **reduction** of **gingivitis**?
**Triclosan**
**Reduces inflammation**-increases substantivity for 12hrs
75
Which **agent** is used to **reduce dentinal hypersensitivity**?
**potassium nitrate**
76
Is **chlorhexidine** (CHX) **bacteriostatic** or **bactericidal**?
**BOTH**
It is **bactericidal** and **bacteriostatic** depending on the **concentration**
* *Bactericidal** concentrations ---\> **cell lyses**
* *Bacteriostatic** concentrations **interfere** with **cell wall transport system**
77
This **effect** is when **fluoride is ingested** in a **small amount** during **tooth formation** in the **jaw** and gets **built into the enamel**
**systemic effects**
78
Which **effect** of **fluoride** does the following:
* *Inhibits demineralization.**
* *Enhances** the **remineralization** of **incipient lesions.**
* *Inhibits bacterial activity** by inhibiting enolase, an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates.
**topical effects**
79
What are the **STRENGTH** levels of **fluoride** in the **Gels** used for
HOME application (Available by Prescription):
**1.1% NaF** gel or **APF** gel
**1.1% NaF** gel or **APF** gel = **5,000 ppm**
(**16 drops per day** -- 4-8 drops in the inner surface of each custom-made tray)
80
What are the "**OTC SELF APPLIED**" levels of **fluoride** for the following
**Toothpaste?**
0. 044% NaF and APF
0. 05% NaF
0. 0221% NaF
(ALL **1,000 ppm**)
**0.044% NaF** and **APF**
**0.05% NaF**
**0.0221% NaF**
81
What is the **amount (ppm)** of **fluoride recommended** for **toddlers**?
Dietary FLUORIDE supplements dose
(age **6mos-3 yrs**)
if the amount of **water** fluoride is:
\<**0.3 ppm = 0.25mg** Dietary **supplement**
82
What is the **amount (ppm) of fluoride** recommended for **children**?
Dietary FLUORIDE supplements dose
age **3-6 yrs**
Supplemental Fluoride Dosage Schedule
**\<0.3ppm = 0.50 mg/day**
**0.3-0.6 ppm** = **0.25 mg/day**
**\>0.6ppm** = **None**
83
What is the **amount (ppm) of fluoride** recommended for **children**?
Dietary FLUORIDE **supplements** dose
(**age 6-16 yrs**)
if the **amount of water** fluoride is:
**\<0.3ppm** = **1.00mg** supplement
**0.3 - 0.6ppm** = **0.50mg** supplement
84
If children live in a **community** where their water has a
**concentration fluoride ion** of **\>0.6,**
do they need **supplemental fluoride**?
**No**
85
**How** and **when** can **fluorosis** occur?
| (AKA mottled enamel)
fluoride **levels** are **\>1.00ppm** at **2-3years**
86
What are the characteristics of **fluorosis**?
-lusterless white opaque enamel with areas of yellow or brown discoloration -hypomaturation of enamel
87
What are the treatments for acute fluoride toxicity?
Induce vomiting or ingest material to bind the fluoride ions, like milk or antacid tablets with calcium (seek medical treatment immediately)
88
the dissolving of calcium and phosphate from the hydroxyapatite crystals
demineralization
89
when calcium and phosphate are redeposited in previously demineralized areas
remineralization
90
what is the critical pH for enamel demineralization?
4.5-5.5
91
method of brushing which directs the filaments apically into the sulus using vibratory strokes at a 45-degree angle
Bass method
92
method of brushing which involves flexing the filaments apically against the attached gingiva using a sweep toward the occlusal surface; (used in children) removes debris WITHOUT emphasis on gingival sulcus
rolling method
93
method of brushing which incorporates rolling strokes after vibratory phase
modified Stillman method
94
method of brushing designed for massage and stimulation of the apical part of the gingiva and the cervical portion of the tooth using vibratory, pulsing strokes
Stillman method
95
method of brushing that's purpose is interproximal brushing with tips toward the occlusal plane using circular, vibratory strokes
Charters method
96
brushing method for young children to learn that places the brush at 90-degrees to the tooth using wide, large circles over the teeth and gingiva; motion extends from maxillary to mandibular teeth
Fones method
97
detrimental brushing method that places the brush at 90-degrees to the tooth using vigorous vertical strokes
Leonard method
98
brushing method that directs brush to the occlusal surfaces using sweeps toward the gingiva and sweeps toward the occlusal surfaces "physiologic"
Smith method
99
what interdental cleaner is a 2inch long device that is triangular in cross section and cleans proximal tooth surfaces where interdental gingiva are missing and is made of bass or birch?
wooden interdental cleaner
100
interdental aid for fixed partial dentures which its tufted end is used under pontics or for orthodontic appliances
superfloss
101
interdental aid with soft nylon filaments twisted into stainless steel wire
proxy brush
102
interdental aid used for difficult to reach areas such as the distals of second molars
end-tuft brush
103
interdental aid used to massage gingiva, blunted papilla
rubber tip stimulator
104
interdental aid that is good for ortho patients and for pontics; like superfluous but does not have a tufted part; aids in flossing areas where you cannot get floss down in the contacts
floss threader
105
What is the recommended intervals for fluoride varnish application?
3-6 month intervals
106
the loss of calcium from the teeth which is caused by dental plaque and causes "white spots" (common in ortho patients)
decalcification
107
what fluoride is contraindicated with porcelain crowns?
APF (stains restorations/changes the porousness and hue of color)
108
What is the significance of sucrose in regards to cariogenic foods?
the sucrose from cariogenic food on the tooth surface can be changed to acid in minutes
109
Factors to teach patients if they take medications with sucrose:
- avoid liquid or chewable forms containing sucrose - rinse with water after a medication contained in the sucrose mixture
110
How is fluoride deposited in the body?
It is deposited during the formation of the enamel, starting at the DEJ after the enamel matrix has been laid down by the ameoloblasts
111
Which surface has the highest concentration of fluoride?
The intact outer surface of the tooth (concentration drop sharply toward the interior of the tooth)
112
When are HOME APPLICATION fluoride trays indicated?
- rampant caries -xerostomia -radiation therapy -root surface hypersensitivity
113
thin, acellular tenacious film formed of proteins, carbohydrate and lipids
acquired pellicle
114
what HOME APPLICATION fluoride supplements are used before bedtime?
-home tray application -rinses (used once or twice daily after brushing and before retiring) -brush on gel
115
What happens during the 4 stages of motivational interviewing? Engaging Focusing Evoking Planning
Engaging- establishing a helpful connection and working relationship Focusing- developing and maintaining a specific direction in the conversation about change Evoking- eliciting the patient's own motivations for change and lies at the heart of MI Planning- developing commitment to change and formulating a plan of action
116
What happens during the "pre-contemplation" stage of the transtheoretical model?
the patient does not intend to take action in the future
117
what factors do you need to teach the patient during MI?
-preventive measures vs. clinical services -care plan options -self-assessment and alternative methods for determining gingival health -self-care techniques (have them show you how they brush/floss) -provide the patient with various options (one effective for them) -what are their short/long term goals? (smoking, soda, etc)
118
What part of tooth is more susceptible to demineralization?
Enamel (enamel is the hardest substance in the body HOWEVER dentin is more resilient than enamel because of its high organic content)
119
what is the CDT code for fluoride application?
D1206
120
What are sources of fluoride intake?
Air Food/beverage Water
121
What happens during the "contemplation" stage of the transtheoretical model?
the patient intends to make a change in the next 6 months
122
What teeth are particularity more susceptible to caries due to demineralization?
Partially erupted first permanent molars Reasoning: (When teeth erupt, they are anatomically complete but histologically incomplete and immature. After eruption, the missing ions are supplied from the saliva, also known as posteruptive maturation. For this reason, partially erupted permanent first molars are particularly susceptible to developing occlusal caries)
123
What are the ingredients of chlorhexidine?
0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate 11.6% alcohol glycerine
124
What is the advantage of using irrigation (such as a WaterPik) over rinsing?
periodontal lesions are most common interdentally and rinsing cannot reach these areas where as irrigation does and can also penetrate deeper pockets
125
What should you tell parents about baby bottle tooth decay?
-use fluoridated water with formula - hold the child during feeding and not putting the infant to bed with a bottle (if it isn't water) - do not put sweetened drinks into bottles or sippy cups - do not use the bottle as a pacifier - encourage patients to have children drink from a cup by age 1
126
Which **gesture or expression** demonstrates **respect** for a patient’s **cultural background** in the dental hygiene **process of care**?
A) Acknowledging good oral hygiene with a thumbs-up gesture
B) Using head movement signs for “yes” and “no” rather than speaking
C) Greeting the patient with a handshake at the beginning of the appointment
D) Obtaining permission before touching the patient during extraoral and intraoral examinations
D) Obtaining the patient’s permission to touch him or her before performing extraoral and intraoral examinations
## Footnote
*Obtaining the patient’s permission to touch him or her before performing extraoral and intraoral examinations **displays respect and responsiveness to the patient’s cultural norms** (D). Hand gestures such as pointing, thumbs-up, or the V-sign, may be **interpreted in different ways** by people of **different cultures** (A). Head movement signs for “yes” and “no” may have different meanings among different cultures (B). A handshake is a common introduction in some cultures, and in other cultures physical contact may be inappropriate (C).*
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All of the following are **components of the dental hygiene process of care** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**?
A Assessment
B Diagnosis
C Prevention
D Implementation
E Evaluation
C) **Prevention**
ADPIE model, include Assessment (A), Diagnosis (B), Planning, (D) Implementation
and (E) Evaluation.
128
Which **health behavior model** addresses the dental hygiene **focus of creating** and **increasing awareness** of **healthy choices** through a **process of change over time** as individuals cycle through stages of **awareness and readiness**?
A) Locus of Control
B) Health Belief Model
C) Social Cognitive Theory
D) Stages of Change: Transtheoretical Model
D) **Stages of Change**: **Transtheoretical Model**
## Footnote
The cycle starts by raising **awareness of a problem**, **progresses** to **contemplating change**, **deciding to change, acting on a specific plan, and finally follows up with maintenance of that desired action or behavior.**
**Locus of Control** is an extension of the **Social Learning** Theory and deals with one’s perception of personal control over the elements described in that theory (A). The Health Belief Model addresses perceived susceptibility and severity of a disease as well as perceived effectiveness of the preventive intervention and perceived ability to overcome barriers to change (B).
The **Social Cognitive Theory** (also known as the **Social Learning Theory**) is based on how environment, knowledge, and behavior interact to affect one’s lifestyle choices and the idea that people learn through personal experience as well as by observing the experiences of others and the resulting outcomes (C).
129
What are the **STRENGTH** levels and **DOSING** of **fluoride** **RINSES** used for
**HOME** application (Available by Prescription or OTC)
**0.2% NaF** (Rx)
**0.044% NaF** and **APF** (Rx and OTC)
**0.05% NaF** (OTC)
**0.0221% NaF** (OTC)
**0.2% NaF** **905ppm** Once daily or once weekly
**0.044% NaF** and **APF** (Rx and OTC) **200 ppm** Once daily
**0.05% NaF** (OTC) **230ppm** Once daily
**0.0221%** NaF (OTC) **100ppm** Twice daily
130
What are the **"OTC SELF APPLIED"** levels of **fluoride** for the following
**RINSES?**
044% NaF and APF
0. 05% NaF
0. 0221% NaF
**044% NaF** and **APF** **200ppm**
**0.05% NaF** **230 ppm (Act)**
**0.0221% NaF** **100 ppm**
131
Which of the following dental conditions could be **mistaken** for
**amelogenesis imperfecta**?
A Fluorosis
B Tetracycline stain
C Osteogenesis imperfecta
D Dentinogenesis imperfecta
A **Fluorosis**
## Footnote
*appears as **change in the enamel** that range from barely **noticeable white spots** to **staining to dark brown staining and pitting**.*
***Amelogenesis imperfecta** is a group of genetic autosomal **defects in enamel formation**, resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations. The white mottled appearance of the **“snow-capped”** variety of **amelogenesis imperfecta resembles** the **white spots** often **seen in fluorosis.***
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