Preventive Final Review

Question 1

What is the amount (ppm) of fluoride recommended for infants?

Dietary FLUORIDE supplements dose (birth-6 mos)

Answer 1

NONE

Question 2

After eruption and throughout the life span of the teeth, the concentration of fluoride on the OUTERMOST SURFACE OF ENAMEL is dependent on: Select the Correct Answers

A.) fluoridated drinking water

B.) other fluoride drinking water

C.) daily topical sources of fluoride

D.) dentifrices

E.) mouthrinses

Answer 2

All of the above:

A.) fluoridated drinking water

B.) other fluoride drinking water

C.) daily topical sources of fluoride

D.) dentifrices

E.) mouthrinses

Question 3

Uptake is most rapid on the enamel surface during the first years after eruption.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

What are the characteristics of Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF)? Note: The other choices are characteristics of NaF neutral varnish and gel/foam.

Select the that apply

A.) 9,050 ppm E.) 22,600 ppm

B.) 2% gel or foam F.) 7 pH

C.) 1.23% gel or foam G.) 3.5 pH

D.) 12,300 ppm H.) 5% varnish

Answer 4

Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) NaF neutral varnish and gel/foam

C.) 1.23% gel or foam A.) 9,050 ppm

D.) 12,300 ppm B.) 2% gel or foam

G.) 3.5 pH E.) 22,600 ppm

F.) 7 pH

H.) 5% varnish

Question 5

What type of professionally applied topical fluoride has 5% NaF?

Select the Correct Answers

A.) acidulated phosphate

B.) NaF neutral sodium gel/foam

C.) Varnish

Answer 5

C.) Varnish

Question 6

What is the OPTIMAL concentration of water fluoridation for ALL communities? Select the Correct Answers

A.) 0.3-0.6 ppm

B.) 1.2 ppm

C.) 0.7 ppm

D.) 0.3ppm

Answer 6

C.) 0.7 ppm

Question 7

Formulate an OHI for a patient who frequently drinks soda/pop: Select ALL that apply:

A.) personal fluoride use

B.) eliminate fermentable carbohydrate exposures between meals and at the end of meals

C.) chew sugar-free gum at ends of meals

Answer 7

A.) personal fluoride use

B.) eliminate fermentable carbohydrate exposures between meals and at the end of meals

C.) chew sugar-free gum at end of meals

Question 8

Professional fluoride applications include the following: Select ALL that apply:

A.) 2.0% NaF as gel or foam delivered in trays

B.) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) as a gel or foam delivered in trays

C.) 5% NaF as a varnish brushed on the teeth

Answer 8

A.) 2.0% NaF as gel or foam delivered in trays

B.) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) as a gel or foam delivered in trays

C.) 5% NaF as a varnish brushed on the teeth

Question 9

The _____________ component of ____________ can dissolve the filler particles of the composite resin restorations

A.) hydrofluoride/NaF

B.) hydrofluoride/APF

Answer 9

B.) hydrofluoride/

APF

Question 10

_______ received approval from the United States FDA in 1994 for use as a cavity liner and for treatment of hypersensitive teeth. Select the Correct Answers

A.) varnish

B.) NaF neutral sodium gel/foam

C.) acidulated phosphate (APF)

Answer 10

A.) varnish

Question 11

Name the ppm of fluoride ions:

1. 5% NaF varnish
2. 1.23% APF gel/foam
3. 2.0% NaF gel

Answer 11

1. 5% NaF varnish = 22,600ppm fluoride ion
2. 1.23% APF gel/foam = 12,300ppm fluoride ion
3. 2.0% NaF gel C.) 9,050ppm fluoride ion

Question 12

Which toothbrushing technique might you recommend for a

patient with recession?

A.) Fones and Charters

B.) Stillman’s and Charters

C.) Bass and Fones

Answer 12

B.) Stillman’s

and

Charters

Question 13

There is weak evidence to support the use of FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTS to prevent dental caries in primary teeth. Consider the child’s age, caries risk, and all sources of fluoride exposure before recommending the use of fluoride supplements.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Order the following from lowest ppm to highest ppm

A. 1.23% acidulated phosphate (APF) gel or foam

B.. 5% neutral sodium (NaF) varnish

C. 2% neutral sodium (NaF) gel or foam

Answer 14

C. 2% neutral sodium (NaF) gel or foam (9,050 ppm)

A. 1.23% acidulated phosphate (APF) gel or foam (12,300 ppm)

B. 5% neutral sodium (NaF) varnish (22,600 ppm)

Question 15

The patient swishes for 1 minute with a measured amount of a fluoride rinse and expectorates.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

_______ refers to the rapid intake of an excess dose over a short time.

A.) chronic toxicity

B.) acute toxicity

Answer 16

B.) acute toxicity

Question 17

________ refers to long-term ingestion of fluoride in amounts that exceed the approved therapeutic levels

A.) acute toxicity

B.) chronic toxicity

Answer 17

B.) chronic toxicity

Question 18

Adult Certainly Lethal Dose (CLD) is ______ , and children lethal dose is _________.

A.) 1-5g/.5-1g of NaF

B.) 5-10g/.5-1g of NaF

Answer 18

B.) 5-10g / 0.5-1g of NaF

* children = 1/10 of adult

Question 19

The recommendation for the optimal concentration of water fluoridation to 0.7 ppm for ALL communities.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

The basic effect of fluoride: Estimates have shown that the reduction in caries due to water fluoridation ALONE (factoring out other sources of topical fluoride) among adults of all ages is 27%.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Ingestion of naturally occurring excess fluoride in the drinking water and/or fluoride dental products can produce visible DENTAL FLUOROSIS ONLY when used during the years of development of the crowns of the teeth, namely, from birth until age 16 or 18 years or when the crowns of the third permanent molars are completed.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Developing tooth during mineralization shows fluoride from water and other systemic sources DEPOSITED in the _______ and ______.

Select All That Apply:

A.) enamel

B.) dentin

C.) pulp tissue

Answer 22

A.) enamel

B.) dentin

Question 23

Fluoride is deposited during the formation of the enamel, starting at the ____________, after the enamel matrix has been laid down by the ameloblasts. The hydroxyapatite crystalline structure becomes fluorapatite, which is a less soluble apatite crystal.

A.) DEJ

B.) CEJ

Answer 23

A.) DEJ

Question 24

Inhibits growth, metabolism, polysaccharide production of S. mutans

A.) fluoride

B.) xylitol

C.) antimicrobial pre-rinse

Answer 24

B.) xylitol

Question 25

Xylitol: Reduces levels of S. mutans and promotes remineralization.

Reduces dental decay if used regularly and at appropriate levels.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

Consists of a plastic handle in which a toothpick is broken off at an angle. Perfect for cleaning furcation areas

A.) perio tip

B.) perio pik

C.) perio aid

D.) perio end

Answer 26

C.) perio aid

Question 27

An individual will generally respond best to motivation that is directed at which levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A.) love and acceptance

B.) safety and security

C.) social and esteem

D.) self-actualization and ego

Answer 27

C.) social and esteem

Question 28

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs that includes morality, creativity, and acceptance of facts.

A.) physiological needs

B.) self-actualization

C.) safety and security

D.) love and belonging

Answer 28

B.) self-actualization

Question 29

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs that includes confidence, and respect of others.

A.) safety and security

B.) love and belonging

C.) self-esteem

D.) self-actualization

Answer 29

C.) self-esteem

Question 30

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs includes friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection.

A.) self-esteem

B.) self-actualization

C.) safety and security

D.) love and belonging

Answer 30

D.) love and belonging

Question 31

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs that includes health, employment, property, family and social stability

A.) self-esteem

B.) love and belonging

C.) safety and security

D.) physiological needs

Answer 31

C.) safety and security

Question 32

Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs that includes breathing, food, shelter, sex, sleep.

A.) self-esteem

B.) physiological needs

C.) safety and security

D.) love and belonging

Answer 32

B.) physiological needs

Question 33

This type of learning pertains to interests, attitudes, and values and the development of appreciations and adequate adjustments

A.) cognitive

B.) affective

C.) psychomotor

Answer 33

B.) affective

Question 34

This type of learning pertains to the recall or recognition of facts and the development of intellectual skill and abilities

A.) affective

B.) cognitive

C.) psychomotor

Answer 34

B.) cognitive

Question 35

This type of learning pertains to the manipulative or motor skill areas

A.) affective

B.) cognitive

C.) psychomotor

Answer 35

C.) psychomotor

Question 36

The first course of action in the dental hygiene process of care is to:

A. recognize any deviations or abnormalities.
B. identify the presence of plaque deposits.
C. obtain medical and dental histories.
D. classify the extent of periodontal disease.

Answer 36

C. obtain medical and dental histories.

The dental hygiene process of care includes assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation, and documentation. Recognizing deviations or abnormalities (A) and identifying and classifying data (B, D) are components of the dental hygiene diagnosis.

Question 37

In the patient with recession and areas of root surfaces exposed, what kind of tray is deep enough to cover the root surfaces where fluoride is needed for prevention of root caries or hypersensitivity? A.) regular try-in tray B.) custom made tray

Answer 37

B.) custom made tray

Question 38

Most fluoride is EXCRETED through the kidneys in the URINE, with a small amount excreted by the sweat glands and feces.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Correct sequence for teaching patient oriented plaque control plan

Answer 39

ADPIED

Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation Documentation

Question 40

Where might you find the largest deposits of supragingival calculus?

A.) mandibular anterior facial

B.) maxillary anterior facial

C.) mandibular anterior lingual

D.) maxillary anterior lingual

Answer 40

C.) mandibular anterior lingual

Question 41

The MAIN goal of patient education for the prevention of dental disease is to:

Answer 41

Guide behavioral changes that result in improved oral hygiene

Question 42

The following are 4 accepted steps to keep in mind for the actual instruction: (happens during the Implementation stage)

Answer 42

1. active participation
2. immediate feedback
3. self-pacing
4. small step size

Question 43

What are the core values of professional dental hygiene practice?

Answer 43

Autonomy and respect for human beings

Confidentiality

Societal trust

Beneficence- act of doing good

Nonmaleficence- avoid harm

Justice/fairness

Veracity- duty to tell the truth

Question 44

6 Learning Ladder steps

Answer 44

1. Unawareness-

unaware of the problem or any reason to make change

2. Awareness

becomes aware of a condition that may require a change in behavior

3. Self-interest

the aware person contemplates how this new info applies to them

4. Involvement
5. Action
6. Change

habit formation

Question 45

Composition of Dental Biofilm (plaque)

Answer 45

Organic and inorganic solids constitute approximately 20%

(Microorganisms make up at least 70% to 80% of the solid matter)

and

water accounts for 80%.

Question 46

How far subgingivally can mouth rinses deliver an agent?

A.) 2 mm

B.) 4 mm

C.) 6 mm

D.) 8 mm

Answer 46

A.) 2 mm

Question 47

Dental biofilm can be removed by:

Select ALL That Apply

A.) brushing

B.) fluoride

C.) flossing

D.) xylitol

Answer 47

A.) brushing

C.) flossing

Question 48

Stages in the formation of biofilm

Answer 48

1. formation
2. bacterial multiplication and colonization
3. matrix formation
4. biofilm growth
5. maturation

Question 49

What is dental caries’ earliest clinical evidence of an enamel lesion?

A.) moderate

B.) incipient

C.) advanced

Answer 49

B.) incipient

Question 50

What are the elements associated with demineralization?

Select ALL That Apply

A.) acidogenic bacteria

B.) fermentable carbohydrates

C.) acids

D.) incipient lesions

E.) sugary drinks

Answer 50

A.) acidogenic bacteria

B.) fermentable carbohydrates

C.) acids

Question 51

Essential oils – what do Phenolic-related Essential Oils like LISTERINE do?

A.) promote oral wound healing

B.) reduce caries

C.) use alcohols to penetrate the tissue

D.) significant reduction in the levels of biofilm and gingivitis

E. alter bacterial cell wall

Answer 51

D.) significant reduction in the levels of biofilm and gingivitis

E.) alter bacterial cell wall

Question 52

How does fluoride play a key role in remineralization?

Answer 52

Fluoride plays the role of helping remineralize the tooth.

Once the demineralization occurs, the lesion area readily accepts the fluoride which forms a layer that attracts calcium and phosphate ions,

strengthening the tooth once more

Question 53

What characteristic of 1.23% APF gel enhances fluoride uptake, which is

greatest during the first 4 minutes?

Answer 53

It’s low pH of 3.5

Question 54

What is the pH of NaF varnish and gel?

Answer 54

7.0pH

Question 55

Triclosan, zinc citrate, and stannous fluoride found in dentrifices all aids in:

Answer 55

reduction of biofilm formation

Question 56

Dental caries is an infectious, transmissible disease

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 56

TRUE

Question 57

When is dental floss MOST effective?

A.) interdental papilla with no loss of attachment

B.) inflammation in the col area

C.) wide embrasure spaces

D.) orthodontic appliances

E.) fixed prosthesis

Answer 57

A.) interdental papilla with no loss of attachment

Question 58

What suggests that inner forces drive a person into action and that some needs take precedence over others?

A.) Theory of reasoned action

B.) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs C

.) Locus of control

D.) Self-efficacy

E.) Communication Theory

F.) Health belief model

Answer 58

B.) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 59

Children should get sealants on their permanent molars as soon as the teeth come in – before decay attacks the teeth.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 59

TRUE

Question 60

What are the adult and pediatric maximum dose

of low potency fluoride solution?

Answer 60

10 mL

Question 61

Frequent rinsing with low concentrations of fluoride has the following effects:

Answer 61

1. greater benefit to newly erupted teeth
2. a 26-29% average reduction in dental caries incidence
3. greater benefit for smooth surfaces, but some benefit to pits and fissures
4. primary teeth present in school-aged children benefit by as much as 42.5% average reduction in dental caries incidence

Question 62

Where is fluoride most concentrated in teeth?

Answer 62

the outermost surface of the enamel

Question 63

The teeth store fluoride in small amounts,

with the highest levels on the

Answer 63

tooth surface

Question 64

“Tartar control” dentrifices that contain pyrophosphate salts, zinc salts (zinc chloride and zinc citrate), sodium hexametaphosphate

and triclosan/copolymer help to:

A.) reduction of caries

B.) reduction/inhibits supragingival calculus formation

C.) reduction of gingivitis

Answer 64

B.) reduction/inhibits supragingival calculus formation

Question 65

Uptake is most rapid on the enamel surface during the first years after eruption. Low pH of 3.5 (APF) enhances fluoride UPTAKE, which is greatest during the first 4 minutes.

A.) both statements are correct

B.) both statements are false

C.) the first statement is correct and the second statement is false

D.) the first statement is false and the second statement is correct

Answer 65

A.) both statements are correct

Question 66

Weekly topical sources of fluoride prevent demineralization and

encourages remineralization for the prevention of dental caries.

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 66

FALSE

DAILY topical sources of fluoride to prevent demineralization and

encourages remineralization for the prevention of dental caries.

Question 67

Mouthrinsing is a practical and effective means for self-application of fluoride for individuals at moderate or high caries risk.

(low potency = 0.05% NaF; 230 ppm

high potency = 0.20% NaF; 905 ppm)

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 67

TRUE

Question 68

The Tin ion interferes with cell metabolism for antimicrobial effect. This mechanism of action describes what type of fluoride?

A.) sodium fluoride (NaF)

B.) acidulated phosphate (APF)

C.) stannous fluoride (SnF2)

Answer 68

C.) stannous fluoride (SnF2)

Question 69

An alternative treatment for caries; colorless liquid; pH 10; approx. 25% silver and 5% fluoride, blackens areas where applied; has a metallic taste. This best describes?

A.) neutral sodium

B.) acidulated phosphate

C.) stannous fluoride

D.) silver diamine fluoride

E.) varnish

Answer 69

D.) silver diamine fluoride

Question 70

All of the following describes a low-risk category for the development of

dental caries Select ALL That Apply

A.) normal salivary flow

B.) poor manual dexterity

C.) uses xylitol gum

D.) sealants in pits and fissures

Answer 70

A.) normal salivary flow

C.) uses xylitol gum

D.) sealants in pits and fissures

Question 71

Side effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) use

Answer 71

1. staining of teeth, restoration, soft tissues
2. minor irritation of soft tissues, lips and tongue
3. increase in supragingival calculus formation
4. altered taste perception

Question 72

What broad-spectrum antibacterial agent is effective against

BOTH

Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria

A) pyrophosphate salts
B) triclosan
C) zinc citrate
D) sodium hexametaphosphate

Answer 72

B) triclosan

Question 73

The ADA is a mandatory program that informs the public and dental professionals about consumer products

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 73

FALSE

The ADA is a VOLUNTARY program that informs the public and dental professionals about consumer products

Question 74

What is the primary agent used in the reduction of gingivitis?

Answer 74

Triclosan

Reduces inflammation-increases substantivity for 12hrs

Question 75

Which agent is used to reduce dentinal hypersensitivity?

Answer 75

potassium nitrate

Question 76

Is chlorhexidine (CHX) bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Answer 76

BOTH

It is bactericidal and bacteriostatic depending on the concentration

• *Bactericidal** concentrations —> cell lyses
• *Bacteriostatic** concentrations interfere with cell wall transport system

Question 77

This effect is when fluoride is ingested in a small amount during tooth formation in the jaw and gets built into the enamel

Answer 77

systemic effects

Question 78

Which effect of fluoride does the following:

• *Inhibits demineralization.**
• *Enhances** the remineralization of incipient lesions.
• *Inhibits bacterial activity** by inhibiting enolase, an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates.

Answer 78

topical effects

Question 79

What are the STRENGTH levels of fluoride in the Gels used for

HOME application (Available by Prescription):

1.1% NaF gel or APF gel

Answer 79

1.1% NaF gel or APF gel = 5,000 ppm

(16 drops per day – 4-8 drops in the inner surface of each custom-made tray)

Question 80

What are the “OTC SELF APPLIED” levels of fluoride for the following

Toothpaste?

0. 044% NaF and APF
1. 05% NaF
2. 0221% NaF

Answer 80

(ALL 1,000 ppm)

0.044% NaF and APF

0.05% NaF

0.0221% NaF

Question 81

What is the amount (ppm) of fluoride recommended for toddlers?

Dietary FLUORIDE supplements dose

(age 6mos-3 yrs)

Answer 81

if the amount of water fluoride is:

<0.3 ppm = 0.25mg Dietary supplement

Question 82

What is the amount (ppm) of fluoride recommended for children?

Dietary FLUORIDE supplements dose

age 3-6 yrs

Answer 82

Supplemental Fluoride Dosage Schedule

<0.3ppm = 0.50 mg/day

0.3-0.6 ppm = 0.25 mg/day

>0.6ppm = None

Question 83

What is the amount (ppm) of fluoride recommended for children?

Dietary FLUORIDE supplements dose

(age 6-16 yrs)

Answer 83

if the amount of water fluoride is:

<0.3ppm = 1.00mg supplement

0.3 - 0.6ppm = 0.50mg supplement

Question 84

If children live in a community where their water has a

concentration fluoride ion of >0.6,

do they need supplemental fluoride?

Answer 84

No

Question 85

How and when can fluorosis occur?

(AKA mottled enamel)

Answer 85

fluoride levels are >1.00ppm at 2-3years

Question 86

What are the characteristics of fluorosis?

Answer 86

-lusterless white opaque enamel with areas of yellow or brown discoloration -hypomaturation of enamel

Question 87

What are the treatments for acute fluoride toxicity?

Answer 87

Induce vomiting or ingest material to bind the fluoride ions, like milk or antacid tablets with calcium (seek medical treatment immediately)

Question 88

the dissolving of calcium and phosphate from the hydroxyapatite crystals

Answer 88

demineralization

Question 89

when calcium and phosphate are redeposited in previously demineralized areas

Answer 89

remineralization

Question 90

what is the critical pH for enamel demineralization?

Answer 90

4.5-5.5

Question 91

method of brushing which directs the filaments apically into the sulus using vibratory strokes at a 45-degree angle

Answer 91

Bass method

Question 92

method of brushing which involves flexing the filaments apically against the attached gingiva using a sweep toward the occlusal surface; (used in children) removes debris WITHOUT emphasis on gingival sulcus

Answer 92

rolling method

Question 93

method of brushing which incorporates rolling strokes after vibratory phase

Answer 93

modified Stillman method

Question 94

method of brushing designed for massage and stimulation of the apical part of the gingiva and the cervical portion of the tooth using vibratory, pulsing strokes

Answer 94

Stillman method

Question 95

method of brushing that’s purpose is interproximal brushing with tips toward the occlusal plane using circular, vibratory strokes

Answer 95

Charters method

Question 96

brushing method for young children to learn that places the brush at 90-degrees to the tooth using wide, large circles over the teeth and gingiva; motion extends from maxillary to mandibular teeth

Answer 96

Fones method

Question 97

detrimental brushing method that places the brush at 90-degrees to the tooth using vigorous vertical strokes

Answer 97

Leonard method

Question 98

brushing method that directs brush to the occlusal surfaces using sweeps toward the gingiva and sweeps toward the occlusal surfaces “physiologic”

Answer 98

Smith method

Question 99

what interdental cleaner is a 2inch long device that is triangular in cross section and cleans proximal tooth surfaces where interdental gingiva are missing and is made of bass or birch?

Answer 99

wooden interdental cleaner

Question 100

interdental aid for fixed partial dentures which its tufted end is used under pontics or for orthodontic appliances

Answer 100

superfloss

Question 101

interdental aid with soft nylon filaments twisted into stainless steel wire

Answer 101

proxy brush

Question 102

interdental aid used for difficult to reach areas such as the distals of second molars

Answer 102

end-tuft brush

Question 103

interdental aid used to massage gingiva, blunted papilla

Answer 103

rubber tip stimulator

Question 104

interdental aid that is good for ortho patients and for pontics; like superfluous but does not have a tufted part; aids in flossing areas where you cannot get floss down in the contacts

Answer 104

floss threader

Question 105

What is the recommended intervals for fluoride varnish application?

Answer 105

3-6 month intervals

Question 106

the loss of calcium from the teeth which is caused by dental plaque and causes “white spots” (common in ortho patients)

Answer 106

decalcification

Question 107

what fluoride is contraindicated with porcelain crowns?

Answer 107

APF (stains restorations/changes the porousness and hue of color)

Question 108

What is the significance of sucrose in regards to cariogenic foods?

Answer 108

the sucrose from cariogenic food on the tooth surface can be changed to acid in minutes

Question 109

Factors to teach patients if they take medications with sucrose:

Answer 109

• avoid liquid or chewable forms containing sucrose - rinse with water after a medication contained in the sucrose mixture

Question 110

How is fluoride deposited in the body?

Answer 110

It is deposited during the formation of the enamel, starting at the DEJ after the enamel matrix has been laid down by the ameoloblasts

Question 111

Which surface has the highest concentration of fluoride?

Answer 111

The intact outer surface of the tooth (concentration drop sharply toward the interior of the tooth)

Question 112

When are HOME APPLICATION fluoride trays indicated?

Answer 112

• rampant caries -xerostomia -radiation therapy -root surface hypersensitivity

Question 113

thin, acellular tenacious film formed of proteins, carbohydrate and lipids

Answer 113

acquired pellicle

Question 114

what HOME APPLICATION fluoride supplements are used before bedtime?

Answer 114

-home tray application -rinses (used once or twice daily after brushing and before retiring) -brush on gel

Question 115

What happens during the 4 stages of motivational interviewing? Engaging Focusing Evoking Planning

Answer 115

Engaging- establishing a helpful connection and working relationship Focusing- developing and maintaining a specific direction in the conversation about change Evoking- eliciting the patient’s own motivations for change and lies at the heart of MI Planning- developing commitment to change and formulating a plan of action

Question 116

What happens during the “pre-contemplation” stage of the transtheoretical model?

Answer 116

the patient does not intend to take action in the future

Question 117

what factors do you need to teach the patient during MI?

Answer 117

-preventive measures vs. clinical services -care plan options -self-assessment and alternative methods for determining gingival health -self-care techniques (have them show you how they brush/floss) -provide the patient with various options (one effective for them) -what are their short/long term goals? (smoking, soda, etc)

Question 118

What part of tooth is more susceptible to demineralization?

Answer 118

Enamel (enamel is the hardest substance in the body HOWEVER dentin is more resilient than enamel because of its high organic content)

Question 119

what is the CDT code for fluoride application?

Answer 119

D1206

Question 120

What are sources of fluoride intake?

Answer 120

Air Food/beverage Water

Question 121

What happens during the “contemplation” stage of the transtheoretical model?

Answer 121

the patient intends to make a change in the next 6 months

Question 122

What teeth are particularity more susceptible to caries due to demineralization?

Answer 122

Partially erupted first permanent molars Reasoning: (When teeth erupt, they are anatomically complete but histologically incomplete and immature. After eruption, the missing ions are supplied from the saliva, also known as posteruptive maturation. For this reason, partially erupted permanent first molars are particularly susceptible to developing occlusal caries)

Question 123

What are the ingredients of chlorhexidine?

Answer 123

0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate 11.6% alcohol glycerine

Question 124

What is the advantage of using irrigation (such as a WaterPik) over rinsing?

Answer 124

periodontal lesions are most common interdentally and rinsing cannot reach these areas where as irrigation does and can also penetrate deeper pockets

Question 125

What should you tell parents about baby bottle tooth decay?

Answer 125

-use fluoridated water with formula - hold the child during feeding and not putting the infant to bed with a bottle (if it isn’t water) - do not put sweetened drinks into bottles or sippy cups - do not use the bottle as a pacifier - encourage patients to have children drink from a cup by age 1

Question 126

Which gesture or expression demonstrates respect for a patient’s cultural background in the dental hygiene process of care?

A) Acknowledging good oral hygiene with a thumbs-up gesture

B) Using head movement signs for “yes” and “no” rather than speaking

C) Greeting the patient with a handshake at the beginning of the appointment

D) Obtaining permission before touching the patient during extraoral and intraoral examinations

Answer 126

D) Obtaining the patient’s permission to touch him or her before performing extraoral and intraoral examinations

Obtaining the patient’s permission to touch him or her before performing extraoral and intraoral examinations displays respect and responsiveness to the patient’s cultural norms (D). Hand gestures such as pointing, thumbs-up, or the V-sign, may be interpreted in different ways by people of different cultures (A). Head movement signs for “yes” and “no” may have different meanings among different cultures (B). A handshake is a common introduction in some cultures, and in other cultures physical contact may be inappropriate (C).

Question 127

All of the following are components of the dental hygiene process of care EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A Assessment

B Diagnosis

C Prevention

D Implementation

E Evaluation

Answer 127

C) Prevention

ADPIE model, include Assessment (A), Diagnosis (B), Planning, (D) Implementation
and (E) Evaluation.

Question 128

Which health behavior model addresses the dental hygiene focus of creating and increasing awareness of healthy choices through a process of change over time as individuals cycle through stages of awareness and readiness?

A) Locus of Control

B) Health Belief Model

C) Social Cognitive Theory

D) Stages of Change: Transtheoretical Model

Answer 128

D) Stages of Change: Transtheoretical Model

The cycle starts by raising awareness of a problem, progresses to contemplating change, deciding to change, acting on a specific plan, and finally follows up with maintenance of that desired action or behavior.
Locus of Control is an extension of the Social Learning Theory and deals with one’s perception of personal control over the elements described in that theory (A). The Health Belief Model addresses perceived susceptibility and severity of a disease as well as perceived effectiveness of the preventive intervention and perceived ability to overcome barriers to change (B).

The Social Cognitive Theory (also known as the Social Learning Theory) is based on how environment, knowledge, and behavior interact to affect one’s lifestyle choices and the idea that people learn through personal experience as well as by observing the experiences of others and the resulting outcomes (C).

Question 129

What are the STRENGTH levels and DOSING of fluoride RINSES used for

HOME application (Available by Prescription or OTC)

0.2% NaF (Rx)

0.044% NaF and APF (Rx and OTC)

0.05% NaF (OTC)

0.0221% NaF (OTC)

Answer 129

0.2% NaF 905ppm Once daily or once weekly

0.044% NaF and APF (Rx and OTC) 200 ppm Once daily

0.05% NaF (OTC) 230ppm Once daily

0.0221% NaF (OTC) 100ppm Twice daily

Question 130

What are the “OTC SELF APPLIED” levels of fluoride for the following

RINSES?

044% NaF and APF

0. 05% NaF
1. 0221% NaF

Answer 130

044% NaF and APF 200ppm

0.05% NaF 230 ppm (Act)

0.0221% NaF 100 ppm

Question 131

Which of the following dental conditions could be mistaken for
amelogenesis imperfecta?

A Fluorosis
B Tetracycline stain
C Osteogenesis imperfecta
D Dentinogenesis imperfecta

Answer 131

A Fluorosis​

appears as change in the enamel that range from barely noticeable white spots to staining to dark brown staining and pitting.

Amelogenesis imperfecta** is a group of genetic autosomal **defects in enamel formation**, resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations. The white mottled appearance of the **“snow-capped”** variety of **amelogenesis imperfecta resembles** the **white spots** often **seen in fluorosis.