MIDTERM (Wilkins. 3,15,21,26,27,28,29) Nathe 10, 11, 12, 19 + P&G COPY Flashcards by Big Red

Powered toothbrushes can be beneficial for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?

A) These brushes have been found helpful for parents who brush their children’s teeth.

B) These brushes are generally least expensive than traditional brushes.

C) These brushes are good for patients who require a larger handle, because powered models are easier to grasp.

D) These brushes are recommended for those individuals that brush only once weekly.

C) These brushes are good for patients who require a larger handle, because powered models are easier to grasp.

C) Power brushes are generally easier to grasp, which can be very helpful to patients that require help grasping.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral irrigation removes the biofilm on the tooth structure.

Supragingival irrigation improves and prevents gingivitis.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.

C) First statement is true, second statement is false.

D) First statement is false, second statement is true.

D) First statement is false,

second statement is true.

Irrigation is recommended as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene, which includes toothbrushing, dental flossing, and the use of other aids as needed. It is NOT the best method to disrupt or remove biofilm, is NOT effective without toothbrushing, and should NOT be used as a substitute for mechanical plaque removal.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An example of how a dental practitioner might determine what information is relevant to the patient is _______________.

A. Tell me how you think flossing daily will affect the gum bleeding that you have been noticing?

B. You will lose teeth if you don’t floss.

C. You are going to have to floss even if you have a hard time.

D. Why didn’t you come in 3 months ago like I told you?

A. Tell me how you think flossing daily will affect the gum bleeding

that you have been noticing?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abrasives usually do NOT damage enamel, but they may dull the tooth luster. To compensate for this, polishing agents are added to the dentifrice formulation.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

C) Both statements are true.

Abrasives usually do NOT damage enamel, but they may dull the tooth luster. To compensate for this, polishing agents are added to the dentifrice formulation.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A patient’s prior experience has little to do with their expectations for oral health care. Most patients seen in dental offices in the United States have the same health beliefs.

A. Both statements are TRUE.

B. Both statements are FALSE.

C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE.

D. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE.

B. Both statements are FALSE.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fluoride ingredients allowed by the FDA for use in US dentifrices include which of the following?

A. Stannous fluoride

B. Sodium fluoride

C. Sodium monofluorophosphate

D. Only B and C.

E. A, B and C.

E. A, B and C.

A. Stannous fluoride

B. Sodium fluoride

C. Sodium monofluorophosphate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is NOT a personal factor when planning interdental care?

a) A Patient’s work environment
b) None of the above
c) Appreciation for interdental oral care
d) Disability that limits ability to carry out personal oral hygiene

a) A Patient’s work environment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The interdental tip is used:

a) Above the margin
b) Beneath the margin
c) At the facial cervical third
d) All of the above

b) Beneath the margin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The statement, “You’re very determined, even in the face of discouragement. This change must really be important to you.” is an example of _______________.

A. an open-ended question

B. a reflection

C. affirmation

D. change talk

C. affirmation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sodium fluoride can be formulated with almost any of the available dentifrice abrasives.

A. True, sodium fluoride is easily formulated with almost any abrasive.

B. False, only compatible abrasive systems can be used, due to the high reactivity of sodium fluoride.

B. False, only compatible abrasive systems can be used,

due to the high reactivity of sodium fluoride.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The maximum allowable fluoride in a NaF-containing OTC dentifrice is __________ ppm.

A. 500

B. 1150

C. 2500

D. 5000

B. 1150ppm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following affects the rate of caries formation?

a) Increased frequency of dietary carbohydrates only
b) Decreased salivary flow (xerostomia), increased frequency of dietary carbohydrates, and presence of Streptococcus mutans
c) Decreased salivary flow (xerostomia only)
d) Presence of mutants streptococci only

b) Decreased salivary flow (xerostomia),

increased frequency of dietary carbohydrates,

and

presence of Streptococcus mutans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The clinician will increase the likelihood of engaging patients if he/she clearly demonstrates respect for patients and recognizes they are autonomous individuals.

A. True

B. False

A. True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The use of critical decision-making skills to reach conclusions about the client’s dental hygiene needs based on all available assessment data and evidence in the literature
•Identify the nature of the mouth. “What’s wrong”

Diagnosis

ADPIED

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is not an acceptable property of a disclosing agent?

Short duration
Antiseptic
Pleasant taste
Distinct color contrast

Short duration

A disclosing agent that has a short duration would rinse off quickly and not allow enough time to complete instructions or clinical services. (Page 371)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following conditions are the result of trauma from toothbrushing except one. Which one is the exception?

a) Pale pink tissue lacking stippling that blanches under pressure
b) Punctate lesions that appear as red pinpoint spots
c) Diffuse redness and denuded attached gingiva
d) Scuffed epithelial surface with denuded connective tissue

a) Pale pink tissue lacking stippling that blanches under pressure
* The only condition listed that may not require temporary cessation of brushing would be the pale pink tissue lacking stippling that blanches under pressure. This gingival description indicates a chronic gingival condition requiring biofilm removal. (page 424)*

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stannous fluoride adheres to the surface of tooth enamel and forms a protective layer that is able to shield enamel from the effects of erosive acids.

A. True

B. False

A. True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is important to assess the patient’s readiness for change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change impacts the effectiveness of the oral health intervention.

B. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change affects the handouts you may give the patient.

C. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change affects the kind of debridement that will be planned.

D. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change affects the recommendations made for oral healthcare.

C. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change

affects the kind of debridement that will be planned.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What bacteria are most likely responsible for caries that are present?

Streptococcus mutans
Bacteroides forsythus
Prevotella intermedia
Streptococcus intermedius complex
Treponema denticola

Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans are the primary acidogenic bacteria responsible for dental caries. The other bacteria are microorganisms implicated in destructive periodontal infections. (Page 378)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following extrinsic factors may interfere with pellicle formation and maturation except:

a) Intake of acidic foods and beverages
b) Whitening products
c) Abrasive toothpaste
d) Water

d) Water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The establishment of realistic goals and outcomes based on client needs, expectations, values, and current scientific evidence to plan dental hygiene interventions to facilitate optimal oral health
•“How are you going to treat the client?”

Planning

ADPIED

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MI has been shown to positively affect health behavior change related to:

A. smoking

B. diabetes management

C. oral health

D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

________ is a term used to describe the heat treatment in which each filament end is sealed and rounded.

A) End rounding

B) Angled filaments

C) Texturing

D) Heating

A) End rounding

A) End rounding is a term used to describe the heat treatment in which each filament end is sealed and rounded.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When should oral hygiene instructions take place?

At each appointment
Only at the last appointment
Only at the first appointment
Only when time allows

At each appointment

Oral hygiene instructions should be given and reviewed at each appointment. An overload of information at one appointment can be overwhelming for a patient, so instruction should be divided over several appointments. (Page 367)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following have been **added to enhance dental floss** _except:_ a) Whitening agent b) Color c) Fluoride d) Chlorhexidine

d) **Chlorhexidine** (Rx only)

**Triclosan** is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. A. True B. False, triclosan is a chemical whitening agent. C. False, triclosan is a tubule-occluding agent.

A. **True**

At least two brushings, accompanied by appropriate interdental care, are recommended each day for all of the following reasons except one. Which one is the **exception**? a) For oral lubrication b) For halitosis prevention c) For the control of dental biofilm d) For oral sanitation

a) For oral **lubrication**

How can a **subgingival biofilm formation protect periodontal pathogens** from locally delivered antimicrobial agents? A. The biofilm prevents the antimicrobial agent from entering the periodontal pocket. B. The biofilm matrix serves as a protective barrier. C. The biofilm fluid channels direct the antimicrobial agent out of the pocket. D. The biofilm changes the pH of the antimicrobial agent and inactivates the agent.

B. **The biofilm matrix serves as a protective barrier.**

What does **learning consist of**? A) Motivation B) Retention of knowledge C) Reinforcement of knowledge D) All of the above

D) **All of the above** ## Footnote ***Learning is a dynamic process that involves motivation to learn, retention of knowledge, reinforcement of knowledge, and transference.***

Which of the following best represents the **goal of reflective listening**? A. repeating what the patient says B. informing using directive advice C. keeping the patient talking D. warning the patient

C. **keeping the patient talking**

All of the following are **recommendations** for the use of **power brushes** except one. **Which one is the exception?** a) Place a small amount of dentifrice on the brush and spread dentifrice over the teeth b) Select dentifrice with maximum abrasiveness c) Use light steady pressure d) Select brush with soft end-rounded filaments e) Place the brush in the mouth before turning power on to prevent splashing

b) **Select dentifrice with maximum abrasiveness**

Which of the following is a **key point in learning**? A) Self-efficacy B) Relevance C) Stressors D) Determination

B) **Relevance** *A key point of adult learning is relevance. **This concept means adults must understand WHY new information or a changed behavior is needed before true learning will take place.***

What closely examines the **role of stressors** and **tensions as contributing factors** for health and disease? A) Salutogenesis model B) Generalized resistance resources C) Sense of coherence D) Stressor

A) **Salutogenesis model** *The salutogenesis model closely examines the role of stressors and tension as contributing factors for health and disease. Salutogenesis defines health in terms of a continuum of ease to disease and the conditions surrounding the individual, which provide coping resources.*

A positive use of biofilm is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. detoxification of human waste products B. lining on indwelling catheters C. coating in fish tanks D. layer in dental unit water lines

A. **detoxification of human waste products**

All of the following are reasons **why oral hygiene instructions** should be **given before any clinical treatment** _*except*:_ 1. instruction time should be limited to 5 to 10 minutes 2. healing is more favorable if not immediately disturbed by practicing oral hygiene 3. techniques emphasis is placed on the importance of self-care 4. the patient's gingiva are not sensitive from instrumentation

1. instruction time should be **limited to 5 to 10 minutes** ## Footnote Instruction time **should not be limited** and therefore should be **completed before clinical treatment,** so the **appointment time does not determine how long can be spent on oral hygiene instructions**. ***(Page 366)***

**Potassium nitrate** is a commonly used, FDA-approved, OTC **desensitization agent**. It **reduces the reaction** of nerves in the teeth to **stimuli such as heat and cold.** A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

C) **Both statements are true.** ## Footnote *Potassium nitrate is a commonly used, FDA-approved, OTC desensitization agent and reduces hypersensitivity.*

The step in the **transtheoretical** model during which **return** to **old behavior** is highly **unlikely** is which of the following? a. Termination b. Contemplation c. Maintenance d. Preparation

a.**Termination**

The **ISO standard** specifies that **dentifrices with an RDA** of less than __________ are **safe on hard tissues.** A. 100 B. 150 C. 250 D. 300

C. **250**

Xerostomia increases a patient's caries susceptibility. All of the following are benefits of saliva in the prevention of caries except one. Which one of the following *is **not*** **a benefit** of saliva with respect to caries prevention? 1. Is a carrier of antibodies 2. Buffers acids that demineralize teeth 3. Supplies minerals lost in demineralization 4. Provides fluoride transport to tooth

**Is a carrier of antibodies** *Saliva is a carrier of antibodies, but this **does not affect caries formation.*** ***(******Pages 378 to 379)***

What is defined as a **source of disturbance that upsets a sense of equilibrium**? A) Generalized resistance resources B) Stressor C) Motivation D) Cultural disturbances

B) **Stressor** ***A stressor is defined as a source of disturbance that upsets a sense of equilibrium. This disturbance may come from external or internal sources such as illness, hereditary factors, job stress, or lack of personal control.***

The foundation of MI is built on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. specific strategies the clinician teaches to the patient B. a sincere "spirit" of mutual respect and collaboration between the clinician and patient C. clinicians solving problems for patients D. patients’ fear of losing their teeth

B. **a sincere "spirit" of mutual respect and** ## Footnote **collaboration between the clinician and patient**

The **ADA Seal of Acceptance program** is a **required** process to market a fluoride dentifrice in the US. A. True B. False, the ADA Seal of Acceptance program is a voluntary process to provide assurance to consumers of the safety and efficacy of a product. C. False, the ADA Seal of Acceptance program is a voluntary program to monitor the efficacy of dentifrices.

B. **False**, the **ADA Seal of Acceptance program i**s a **voluntary** process to provide assurance to **consumers of the safety and efficacy of a product.**

Which of the following is **a thin, acellular, homogenous layer** positioned between the **calculus** and the **tooth surface**? a) Enamel b) Dentin c) Plaque d) Pellicle

d) **Pellicle**

You have just seated your 1:00pm patient. It is a 12 year-old male full of braces. He has a **high plaque score,** particularly at the **gingival margins**. When you ask the patient to demonstrate brushing for you, he does not appear to spend any time around the **orthodontic brackets**. Which toothbrushing method would be most advantageous for this patient to access the plaque on the gingival side of the orthodontic bracket? a) Charters method b) Bass method c) Smith method d) Leonard method e) Horizontal method

a) Charters method

What theory states that **changes take place bidirectional; environment, information, and behavior all affect one another?** A) Locus of control B) Sense of coherence C) Social Learning Theory D) Theory of Reasoned Action

C) **Social Learning Theory** ***Social Learning Theory states individuals do NOT learn or change behavior in a linear fashion.** Rather, changes take place bidirectional; environment, information, and behavior all affect one another.*

Effective **anti calculus agents** work by **binding calcium and inhibiting plaque calcification.** A. True B. False

A. **True**

A patient presents with generalized **3 to 4 mm of recession** and **flat interdental papillae**. It is also noted that this patient has several **open interproximal areas** and an **implant replacing tooth # 20**. The dental hygienist notes in the biofilm score that the lingual surfaces of the **mandibular molars** and the **proximal surfaces** have retained a **large amount of biofilm.** Which **interdental aid** would be appropriate to recommend for this patient? a) Toothpick in holder b) Interdental brush with wire handle c) Single-tuft brush d) Interdental rubber tip

c) **Single-tuft brush**

What focuses on the patients' **readiness to learn and change**, and helps **engage patients** to **motivate them** to progress along the stages of the model? A) Motivation B) Motivational interviewing C) Personal opinion D) Values

B) **Motivational interviewing** *Motivational interviewing is defined as **patient-centered counseling that helps the patient resolve conflicts and ambivalence.** Behavioral changes are aided by encouraging patients to set personal goals as negotiated with the health care provider.*

Root surface **demineralization** can occur if the **pH drops** to: a) 3.5 to 4.0 b) 6.2 to 7.0 c) 6.0 to 6.7 d) 4.5 to 5.5

c) **6.0 to 6.7** **7.2 = normal**

The ________ is MOST appropriate for **children whose dexterity is NOT sufficient** to **master the Bass technique.** A) Rolling technique B) Bass technique C) Horizontal technique D) Stillman method

A) **Rolling technique** ## Footnote *The rolling technique is most appropriate for children whose dexterity is NOT sufficient to master the Bass technique.*

In which step of the **preventative program** would you use a **dietary record**? 1. Assessment of the patient's needs 2. Plan for intervention 3. Plan for short- and long-term maintenance 4. Implementation

1. **Assessment of the patient's needs** ## Footnote Using indices such as a biofilm score or a dietary record is part of the assessment phase of a preventative program. ***(Page 364)***

Researchers currently believe that all of the following bacteria play a role as periodontal pathogens EXCEPT: A. T. pallidum B. P. gingivalis C. A. actinomycetemcomitans D. B. forsythus

A. ## Footnote **T. pallidum**

Your patient Mrs. Schneider came in for a **prophylaxis** for the first time in **3 years.** After you complete the assessment, you explain to her that she has a lot of calculus and the **start of periodontal disease.** Mrs. Schneider is very surprised; she states that she has **never had any pain or discomfort** and she has been using an **anticalculus dentifrice for 6 months**. She asks you how can this be and you explain: 1. dental calculus formation and deposits often cause no pain or discomfort 2. the anticalculus dentifrice should have prevented the calculus formation 3. the anticalculus dentifrice usage may have prevented any pain or discomfort 4. you may have a high tolerance for pain

1. dental calculus formation and deposits **often cause no pain or discomfort** ## Footnote *Dental calculus can be a serious periodontal health problem without the patient suffering pain or discomfort. Calculus-control dentifrices do not have an effect on existing calculus deposits and are offered as a preventive measure against the formation of new calculus formation; these dentifrices do not have any effect on prevention of pain. **(Page 303)***

The **acquired or innate tendency** for health professionals to **"fix"** a **patient’s problems** by offering prescriptive **advice** is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. OARS B. ambivalence C. evocation D. righting reflex

D. **righting reflex**

**Streptococcus mutans** is responsible for **caries.** Which of the following is **not a mechanism of action** in the **caries process** involving **Streptococcus mutans**? 1. It can diffuse over the cell membrane of the _acidogenic_ bacteria 2. It can cling to the smooth surface of the tooth 3. It can create a biofilm 4. It can produce acid from available fermentable carbohydrates

**It can diffuse over the cell membrane of the acidogenic bacteria** *Diffusion over the cell membrane of the **acidogenic bacteria is the mechanism of action** of **fluoride** in inhibiting bacteria in the biofilm, not the mechanism of action of Streptococcus mutans. (Page 379)*

Patients in the **Preparation stage** of change are ready to set a target date within \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. 1 month B. 2 months C. 3 months D. 6 months

A. **1 month**

A 45-year-old female with **diabetes** presents to the dental office. In the dental hygienist's initial assessments he notes that the patient has **heavy biofilm** accumulation on the **lingual surfaces** of the teeth. In order to show this to the patient he decides to apply a two-tone **disclosing agent**. When the patient uses a hand mirror to look at the result, she notices blue- and red-stained areas on the lingual surfaces. **What do the red- and blue-stained areas indicate?** 1. Red areas are newly formed and thinner biofilm; blue areas are older and thicker biofilm 2. Blue areas are newly formed and thinner biofilm; red areas are older and thicker biofilm 3. Red areas are free of biofilm; blue areas have biofilm accumulation 4. There is no difference in the two colors; both red and blue areas indicate similar biofilm accumulation

**a. Red** areas are **newly formed** and **thinner biofilm**; **blue** areas are **older** and **thicker biofilm** *When using a two-tone disclosing agent the blue areas are older, thicker, more tenacious areas of biofilm. Red areas are thinner and newer areas of biofilm accumulation. **(Page 372)***

It is recommended that **bulimics do which of the following after vomiting**? A) Rinse with water B) Brush teeth C) Floss D) Rinse with chlorhexidine

A) **Rinse with water** ## Footnote *It is recommended that patients with bulimia **rinse with plain water or bicarbonate of soda in water immediately after vomiting.***

Complete and accurate recording of all collected data, interventions planned and provided, recommendations, and other information relevant to client care and treatment **•Write down all findings**

**Documentation** **ADPIED**

**Humectants** allow dentifrices to **retain moisture.** A. True B. False

A. **True**

With fluoride treatment, a **noncavitated lesion** can be **remineralized with fluorapatite** and have **greater resistance to subsequent demineralization than hydroxyapatite.** A. True B. False

A. **True**

To **study biofilms**, scientists have used newer **microscopy techniques** such as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. wet mount microscopy B. scanning electron microscopy C. confocal scanning laser microscopy D. smear microscopy

C. ## Footnote **confocal scanning laser microscopy**

Which of the following characteristics is **typical of a bacteria in a biofilm**? A. Bacteria communicate with each other by sending out chemical signals. B. Bacteria are dispersed more or less evenly through the plaque. C. The environment surrounding bacteria consists of the same or similar pHs. D. Bacteria exist in isolation from each other.

A. **Bacteria communicate with each other** ## Footnote **by sending out chemical signals.**

Your patient Mrs. Jacobs is in for her **6-month recare** appointment. Mrs. Jacobs only has her lower dentition and a complete upper denture. You ask Mrs. Jacobs if she would like to remove her upper denture, and she replies, **"I have no teeth; why do I need to remove my denture?"** You explain: 1. it is important to clean your denture and examine your soft tissue 2. cleaning your denture will help prevent periodontal infection 3. I respect your wishes; you can keep the denture in 4. I understand; calculus will not form on dentures

1. **it is important to clean your denture and examine your soft tissue** ## Footnote *Calculus is a tenacious mass that forms on the clinical crowns of the natural teeth, dental implants, dentures, and other dental prostheses. **(Page 296)***

Identify the toothbrushing technique: Filaments are directed toward the **crown of the tooth.** Filaments are placed at the **gingival margin and angled 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth.** •Short back-and-fourth **vibratory strokes** are used for activation •**Bristles directed away from the gingiva and towards the occlusal or incised edge**

Charter

An **external locus of control** refers to a patient flossing daily because it will make their **dental hygienist happy**. An **internal locus of control** refers to a patient who **dictates their treatment** even when it is **not in their best interest.** A. Both statements are TRUE. B. Both statements are FALSE. C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE. D. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE.

B. Both statements are **FALSE.**

Which of the following ingredients **reduce(s) plaque and gingivitis**? A. Stannous fluoride B. Potassium nitrate C. Triclosan D. A and C. E. A and B.

D. **A and C.** **A. Stannous fluoride** **C. Triclosan**

Which statement is **NOT true** about **disclosing agents, or disclosants**? A) They may be in either a liquid or a tablet form. B) They allow the patient to see plaque in the mouth before or after brushing. C) These agents can give patients a literal road map to remove the plaque. D) The chewable tablet or the liquid disclosant chewed and swallowed.

D) The chewable tablet or the liquid disclosant **chewed and swallowed.** ## Footnote *They may be in either a liquid or a tablet form, may allow the patient to see plaque in the mouth before or after brushing and importantly, can give patients a literal road map to remove the plaque.*

Which of the following statements is ***true* about xerostomia**? a. Can be pharmacologically induced b. Is a disease that causes dry mouth c. Is always a permanent condition d. Cannot be treated

a. Can be **pharmacologically induced** ## Footnote *Xerostomia can be induced by several types of medications. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is not a disease but a symptom. It can be temporary and can be treated in several ways. **(Page 373)***

What occurs when **individuals think their personal actions determine health status**? A) External locus of control B) Multidimensional locus of control C) Internal locus of control D) Locus of control

C) **Internal locus of control** *Locus of control deals with the **perception of personal control over pertinent health issues**. Internal LOC occurs when **individuals think their personal actions determine health status**.*

Dentifrice ingredients with **antibacterial activity** can help reduce all of the following EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. gingivitis B. intrinsic stain C. oral malodor D. plaque biofilm

B. **intrinsic stain**

All of the following are true regarding the **benefits** of **removing loosely connected biofilm** with the use of an **oral irrigator** EXCEPT a) Provided subgingival delivery of antimicrobial agents b) There is alteration of subgingival dental biofilm c) Provided subgingival access to pathogenic microorganisms d) There is no improvement in gingivitis and bleeding

d) **There is no improvement in gingivitis and bleeding**

All of the following are examples of **open-ended questions** except one. Which is the exception? A. "Can you tell me about your normal oral home care routine?" B. "What concerns you most about your oral condition?" C. "Are you satisfied with the information provided you today?" D. "How do you think this is affecting your overall health?"

C. **"Are you satisfied with the information provided you today?"**

**Ambivalence** refers to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. simultaneous and contradictory feelings about something B. the state of readiness for change C. a strong conviction about something D. understanding without confusion or uncertainty

A. **simultaneous and contradictory feelings about something**

A collaborative, person-centered approach to communication aimed at eliciting and strengthening motivation for change is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. active listening B. clear and direct communication C. motivational interviewing D. learning ladder

C. **motivational interviewing**

Which of the following is the more **acid-resistant** form of **tooth mineral**? A. Fluorapatite B. Hydroxyapatite

A. **Fluorapatite**

The second case scenario with Teresa shows how MI can be used to elicit positive change in patients with: A. diabetes and poor glycemic control B. xerostomia C. oral piercings and poor oral hygiene D. rampant caries

A. **diabetes and poor glycemic control**

Which one of the following **recommendations** should be given to a patient with **halitosis**? 1. Brush the tongue daily 2. Use a mouthrinse containing alcohol 3. Purchase a Halimeter to monitor breath 4. Use an oxidizing agent daily

1. **Brush the tongue daily** ## Footnote The **dorsal surface of the tongue is a major source of microorganisms that produce VSCs**. Mouthrinses containing alcohol or oxidizing agents **should not be used** and can be detrimental to the oral tissues if used extensively. ***(Page 375)***

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**brush heads** have been shown to be beneficial and were developed on the basis of their ability to **improve cleaning** performance and to **reach critical sites** easier. a) Convex b) Concave c) Flat d) Multilevel

d) **Multilevel**

Scientists have had **difficulty in identifying specific periodontal pathogens because** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. periodontal pockets contain both pathogens and non-pathogens B. the different bacteria in periodontal pockets require different culture media C. periodontal disease goes through active and quiescent periods D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

**Calculus formation time** depends on the **individual tendency**, but it is strongly influenced by **roughness of the tooth surface** a) True b) False

a) **True**

Which of the following statements is true about the **col**? a) Is easily accessed for biofilm removal with a toothbrush b) Connects the papillae c) Is convex area that follows the gingival margin d) Is Highly keratinized and thick

b) **Connects the papillae**

Which involves a **method of seeing the world and one's place in it?** A) Sense of coherence B) Sense of self C) Sensory learning D) None of the above

A) **Sense of coherence** ***Sense of coherence is the main construct of salutogenesis and is central to a salutogenic orientation to health and disease. This is a method of seeing the world and one's place in it.***

The specific **plaque hypothesis** would support the following belief: A. "Where there is more plaque, there is more disease." B. "All bacteria in plaque contribute to gingivitis and periodontitis." C. "Calculus plays a major role in causing periodontitis." D. "The presence of bacterial plaque is necessary to develop periodontal disease, but not sufficient to guarantee disease."

D. **"The presence of bacterial plaque is necessary to develop periodontal disease, but not sufficient to guarantee disease."**

A biofilm is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. a loose collection of free-floating bacteria B. a calcified collection of bacteria that cannot be easily removed C. an acellular translucent, homogeneous film covering moist surfaces D. a well-organized, cooperating community of microorganisms

D. a **well-organized, cooperating community of microorganisms**

Wooden interdental cleaners should be used: a) Even when wood has splayed b) On healthy patients with light biofilm c) On proximal surfaces with adequate space d) With all patients

c) **On proximal surfaces with adequate space**

Which one of the following would be considered the **least important feature** for a **toothbrush handle** to have? a) Easily fits into toothbrush holder b) Is easy to grasp c) Does not slip or rotate during use d) Is lightweight e) Has no sharp corners or projections

a) **Easily fits into toothbrush holder**

Given the nature of bacteria in biofilm, which techniques may be helpful in controlling oral biofilms? A. Keep bacteria from communicating with each other. B. Prevent fluid flow between microcolonies of bacteria in a biofilm. C. Change the oxygen concentration with the biofilm microenvironments. D. All of the above.

D. **All of the above.**

**Stannous fluoride,** specifically the stannous ion, has reported activity against: A) Caries B) Plaque C) Gingivitis D) All the above

D) **All the above** ## Footnote *Stannous fluoride is often touted to have uses NOT only in the reduction in caries and plaque, but also improving gingival health.*

Radiographs cannot **positively identify all calculus** deposits because: a) Mineralized tooth structure becomes superimposed over calculus deposits b) Calculus is more mineralized than enamel c) Calculus is more opaque than enamel d) Enamel is more radiolucent than calculus

a) **Mineralized tooth structure becomes** ## Footnote **_superimposed_ over calculus deposits**

The **Bass** method is **NOT acceptable for all patients**. However, this method is effective at **removing plaque at the gingival margin** and directly below it. A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

B) First statement is **false,** second statement is **true.** ***The Bass method is acceptable for all patients,** although it is always important to individualize patient education. However, this method is effective at removing plaque at the gingival margin and directly below it.*

Identify the toothbrushing technique: Filaments are directed apically and rolled occlusally in a vertical motion. •Place bristles almost parallel (apically) to attached gingival, then press against and roll away teeth grow (repeat 5-10 times per group of teeth) •Plastic portion of brush head is level with occlusal plane

Roll stroke

What oral-hygiene aid is used primarily for **gingival massage** and **recontouring of gingival papilla after periodontal therapy**? A) End-tuft brush B) Toothpick holder C) Sulca brush D) Rubber tip stimulator

D) **Rubber tip stimulator** ## Footnote *Rubber tip stimulators are used primarily for gingival massage and recontouring of gingival papilla after periodontal therapy.*

Important characteristics that **lead to public acceptance of a dentifrice** are: A) Flavor, smell, color, and consistency B) Flavor, smell, and texture C) Smell, color, and consistency D) Flavor, smell, texture, and consistency

A) **Flavor,** **smell,** **color,** and **consistency** *Flavor, smell, color, and consistency are all characteristics that lead for public acceptance of a dentifrice.*

Which one of the following is **NOT a mode of attachment for calculus**? a) Attachment to minute irregularities in the tooth surface by mechanical locking into undercuts b) Attachment by indirect contact between calcified intercellular matrix and the tooth surface c) Attachment by means of an acquired pellicle d) None of the above

b) Attachment by **indirect contact between calcified intercellular matrix** and the tooth surface

What is the first thing you should do prior to sharing information with a patient? A. provide background knowledge B. ask permission C. remove personal protective mask D. remind patient that you are the authority

B. **ask permission**

The process in which a person, known as the **receiver**, takes the words, gestures, or other **signs of the sender** and **recreates** the **thought intended by the sender** of the message is known as which of the following? a. Decoding b. Encoding c. Coding d. Translating

a**.Decoding** ## Footnote *Decoding is the process in which a person, known as the receiver, takes the words, gestures, or other signs of the sender and recreates the thought intended by the sender of the message. Encoding refers to the translation of a thought into words, gestures, or other linguistic signs that will allow thoughts to be expressed to another. Coding and translating are more associated with encoding than with decoding.*

**Antibacterial** approaches can **provide substantially longer-term breath efficacy** than that provided by **odor masking agents.** A. True B. False

A. **True**

The **key therapeutic** areas for **dentifrices** are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. caries B. gingivitis C. sensitivity D. whitening E. A, B and C

E. A, B and C **A. caries** **B. gingivitis** **C. sensitivity**

What oral hygiene product is recommended for **Type II and III embrasures**? A) Floss threaders B) Floss picks C) Interdental brushes D) Rubber tip stimulator

C) Interdental brushes ## Footnote *Interdental brushes are recommended for interproximal areas where the papilla is missing or shortened (Type II and III embrasures) and root concavities.*

The purpose of **irrigation** is to **reduce the bacteria** and inflammatory mediators that lead to the **initiation** or progression of **periodontal infections**. For the patient, irrigation can be part of **routine self-care**. a) Both statements are false b) Both statements are true c) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. d) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

b) **Both statements are true**

**Stannous fluoride** is the only fluoride that delivers **anticaries, antiplaque/gingivitis, enamel protection and anti-hypersensitivity benefits from one ingredient.** A. True B. False

A. **True**

Which of the following is the **strongest motivating factor** for most dental patients? 1. Peer group approval 2. Ability to chew food 3. Good oral health 4. Lack of disease and infection

1. **Peer group approval** ## Footnote Peer group approval and the need to conform to group standards are frequently much stronger motivating factors than is a health reason. ***(Page 365)***

Which of the following **bacteria** plays a major role in **caries development** and progress? a) Spirochetes b) Fusobacteria c) Streptococcus mutans d) Filamentous bacteria e) Leucocyte

c) **Streptococcus mutans**

Which of the following factors **does not influence** the **stiffness** of the **toothbrush filament?** a) End rounding of filaments b) Angle of filaments c) Length of filaments d) Number of filaments e) Diameter of filaments

a) **End rounding** of filaments

The theory of **reasoned action** is more effective with which of the following? A) A collective community B) An individual C) A small group setting D) None of the above

A) **A collective community** ## Footnote *Social norms and community expectations are powerful predictors of individual behavior, according to this theory. Used in community intervention, the **theory may be better able to predict the behavior of the collective community than the individual.***

**Interdental gingival filling** the interproximal area and **under the contact of adjacent teeth** describes what type of embrasure. a) Type II b) PTFE embrasure c) Type I d) Type III

c) **Type I**

**Humectants** were added to maintain the moisture and prevent hardening. Commonly used humectants are **sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, and propylene glycol.** A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

C) **Both statements are true.** ## Footnote *Humectants were added to maintain the moisture and prevent hardening and commonly used humectants are sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, and propylene glycol.*

**Toothbrush wear** (i.e., splayed, bent, or broken bristles) is **influenced** more by the **brushing method** than by the **length of time** of brushing. The **wear is influenced** more by the **method** than by the **number of toothbrushings** per day. A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

C) **Both statements are true.** ## Footnote *Toothbrush wear (i.e., splayed, bent, or broken bristles) is influenced more by the brushing method than by the length of time of brushing. The wear is influenced more by the method than by the number of toothbrushings per day.*

Most **gingival disease starts** in what area? a) Under the fixed dental prostheses b) Gingival margin c) Col area d) Concavities of root surfaces

c) **Col area**

**Without the binder**, the **toothpaste would separate** into different phases, a **liquid** portion and a **solid-like** portion, and **would have to be stirred before each use**. A. True B. False

A. **True**

MOST toothbrushes have some type of **plastic handle**. The plastic allows the handle to be **durable while being resistant to water.** A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

C) Both statements are **true.** ## Footnote Most toothbrushes have some type of plastic handle. The plastic allows the handle to be durable while being resistant to water.

Which fluoride active is unique in its ability to provide **significantly greater levels of erosion protection** compared to other fluoride sources? A. Sodium fluoride B. Sodium monofluorophosphate C. Stannous fluoride

C. **Stannous fluoride**

The **scrub toothbrushing technique** uses which movements? A) Horizontal strokes B) Vertical strokes C) Circular strokes D) All of the above

D) **All of the above** ## Footnote *The scrub toothbrushing technique is a combination of horizontal, vertical, and circular strokes. It also incorporates vibration movements in certain areas. Care should be taken with this technique to avoid excessive pressure.*

Patients **prefer to be told** which home care aids to use. The patient and the dental professional **should work together** to decide the most immediate problem to address. A. Both statements are TRUE. B. Both statements are FALSE. C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE. D. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE.

D. The first statement is **FALSE;** the second statement is **TRUE**.

**Potassium nitrate** is the **most commonly** used **tubule-occluding** agent used to treat **dentinal hypersensitivity**. A. True B. False

B. **False** **Stannous fluoride** is also a tubule-occluding agent that can treat dentinal hypersensitivity.

Most patients should be instructed to use **dental floss before toothbrushing** because of all of the following **except:** a) If brushing is done first the mouth may feel clean and flossing may not be completed b) Patients who are in a hurry will skip flossing if it is done second to brushing c) Patients who floss before brushing are less likely to complete brushing d) Fluoride in the dentifrice can be reach the proximal surfaces if biofilm is removed.

c) **Patients who floss before brushing are less likely to complete brushing** ***Flossing before brushing allows the dentifrice to each proximal surfaces and patients are more likely to not floss if brushing is completed first** (page 434)*

The systematic collection of data to **identify oral and general health status** based on client problems, needs, and strengths **•Use all tools available to you**

**Assessment** ADPIED

An **incipient carious lesion** begins as: a) A brown discoloration on the surface of the tooth b) An area of decalcification on the surface of the tooth c) A subsurface demineralization d) A white spot on the surface of the tooth

a) A **brown discoloration** on the **surface** of the **tooth**

**Review and assessment of the outcomes** of dental hygiene care •"**How'd it go?"** •6 month recall for healthy mouth

**Evaluation** **ADPIED**

**Calculus forms in layers** that are more or less **perpendicular with the tooth surface.** The layers are **separated by lines** that appear to be pellicle deposited over the **previously formed calculus**, and as **mineralization progressed,** the **pellicle imbedded.** a) Both are true b) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false c) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true d) Both are false

c) The first statement is **false**, and the second statement is **true**

**Smaller particle**s (1 mm) have an **abrasive** action, and **larger particles** (20 mm) have a **polishing** action. A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

D) **Both statements are false.** ## Footnote *All sizes of particles may be used for polishing and abrasion; however larger particles are better used for abrasion and smaller particles are better used for polishing.*

When are **floss holders NOT recommended**? A) Poor dexterity B) Small hands C) Strong gag reflex D) Physical disabilities

B) **Small hands** *A dental floss holder is a device that holds floss and eliminates the need for placing fingers in the mouth. It is **recommended** for those with **physical disabilities, poor dexterity, large hands, limited mouth opening, or a strong gag reflex.***

Which of the following is not a part of the **four key principles of motivational interviewing?** A. resist the righting reflex B. listen to your patient C. design goals for patient D. empower your patient

C. **design goals for patient** **R.U.L.E.** **Resist** **Understand patient's motivation** **Listen to patient** **Empower patient**

A patient’s **verbal expression** of their **desire, reason, ability or need to make a change in oral health behaviors** is referred to as: A. motivational ruler B. empathy C. change talk D. resistance

C. ## Footnote **change talk**

Floss should be guided past each contact area with what type of motion? a) Horizontal only b) A snap c) Sawing d) Vertical only

c) **Sawing**

Which is **NOT** a **source of motivation**? A) Religious beliefs B) External expectations C) Social relationships D) Social welfare

A) **Religious beliefs** *When presenting education to adults, motivating the adult learner requires certain considerations. **Six sources of adult motivation** are: **social relationships, external expectations, social welfare, personal advancement, escape stimulation, and cognitive interests.***

The **initial care plan** should include: a) Minimum frequency of use for interdental aids b) Complex and detailed procedures c) A strict daily oral care regimen d) Several interdental aids

a) **Minimum frequency of use for interdental aids**

**Andragogy** refers to the **art and science of helping** ____________ learn. A. children B. everyone C. adults D. adolescents

C. **adults**

The degree of **dentifrice abrasiveness** depends on: A) The inherent hardness of the abrasive B) The size of the abrasive particle C) The shape of the particle D) All of the above

D) **All of the above** ## Footnote *Dentifrice abrasiveness is dependent upon the hardness, size and shape of the particle.*

The active ingredient in the **first dentifrice** to receive the **ADA Seal of Acceptance** was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. sodium fluoride B. sodium monofluorophosphate C. stannous fluoride

C. **stannous fluoride**

Which of the following is a **systemic factor** contributing to **halitosis?** Cirrhosis of the liver Fetor ex ore Xerostomia Cleft palate

1. **Cirrhosis of the liver** * Cirrhosis of the liver can be a systemic factor contributing to halitosis. **Fetor ex ore is another name for halitosis.** Xerostomia and cleft palate are **oral factors** that **can contribute to halitosis. (Page 374)***

Which **disclosing agent** requires **ultraviolet light** to make areas of **biofilm retention visible?** 1. Fluorescein 2. Fast green 3. Erythrosin 4. Mercurochrome

1. **Fluorescein** Fluorescein made with **F.D. & C. Yellow No. 8 requires the use of an ultraviolet light in order to make the agent visible within the oral cavity.** *(Page 372)*

Identify the toothbrushing technique: Filaments are activated in a **circular motion.** * *90-degree angle.** * *Big circles cover mandible and maxillary arches**

Fones

A patient constantly **looks at the floor i**nstead of making eye when communicating with the dental hygienist. Which type of **communication** is his looking at the floor? a. Nonverbal b. Nonverbal, vocal c. Verbal, vocal d. Verbal, nonvocal

a**.Nonverbal**

Why would it be important to **replace the restorations** that have recurrent decay or are lacking marginal seal? 1. To help decrease the bacterial count in the oral cavity 2. To improve the esthetic appearance 3. To make sure the dentist meets his monthly production goal 4. All restorations should be replaced every few years

1. **To help decrease the bacterial count in the oral cavity** ## Footnote *Well-placed restorations with a marginal seal will lower the bacterial counts in the oral cavity. This is thought to decrease the person's chance of getting caries. **(Page 383)***

Which of the following is **true r**egarding the **pellicle**? a) Is soluble b) Is readily visible c) Protein components are derived from water d) Primarily comprised of glycoproteins

d) Primarily comprised of **glycoproteins**

Which of the following correctly describes the anatomy of the **posterior interdental area?** a) Between adjacent teeth there is a single papilla, which forms a col under the contact area b) The col area is thick and keratinized c) The single papilla has a pyramidal shape d) Between adjacent teeth there are two papillae, one facial and one lingual

d) **Between adjacent teeth there are two papillae,** ## Footnote **one facial and one lingual**

The **primary mechanism of action** for **fluoride** includes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. promotion of remineralization B. inhibition of demineralization C. Both A and B. D. None of the above.

C. BOTH ## Footnote **A. promotion of remineralization** **AND** **B. inhibition of demineralization**

The **lines between the layers of calculus** can be called: a) Sharpey lines b) Enamel lines c) Lines of demarcation d) Incremental lines

d) **Incremental lines**

The MOST **common types of abrasives** used are: A) Carbonates B) Phosphates C) Silicas D) All the above

D) **All the above** ## Footnote *All of the answers are commonly used abrasives.*

At any one point in time, **80% of patients are** at which of the following **stages of change** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Precontemplation B. Preparation C. Action D. Relapse/Maintenance

A. **Precontemplation**

When using the **oral irrigator** a standard delivery **tip is directed** ________ to the long axis of the tooth.

**Perpendicular**

**Abrasion** can occur from toothbrushing. Toothbrush abrasion usually appears as a **V-shaped notch** in the **cementum apical to the cementoenamel junction.** A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

C) **Both statements are true**. ## Footnote *When toothbrush abrasion damage does occur, it usually appears as a V-shaped notch in the cementum apical to the cementoenamel junction and is termed toothbrush abrasion.*

Which of the following is an example of an **open-ended question**? A. Do you have any concerns about your mouth? B. Tell me what you have used to clean between your teeth? C. Did you floss your teeth today? D. How often do you brush your teeth each day?

B. **Tell me what you have used to clean between your teeth?**

Delivery of dental hygiene **services** based on the dental hygiene care plan while minimizing risk and optimizing oral health •**Treating your client**

**Implementation** ADPIED

What is the most common **nerve depolarizing agent** used in **sensitivity dentifrice**? A. Amine fluoride B. Potassium nitrate C. Sodium hexametaphosphate D. Strontium chloride

B. **Potassium nitrate**

What is defined as an **unpleasant breath emanating from the oral cavity**, regardless of its origin? A) Periodontal disease B) Sour breath C) Halitosis D) Sweet breath

C) **Halitosis** ## Footnote *Halitosis is defined as an unpleasant breath emanating from the oral cavity. Although this occurs in the oral cavity, the originating source of malodor can be nasal, nasopharyngeal, sinus, or oropharyngeal areas.*

Which of the following is a key component of **motivational interviewing**? a. Expressing empathy, acceptance, and respect for the patient b. Using a similar motivational approach for all patients c. Clinician does most of the talking d. Clinician instills knowledge, insight, and motivation

a. **Expressing empathy,** **acceptance,** and **respect for the patient**

What is defined as **bacteria-induced inflammation** or **infection of the heart and its valves?** A) Bacterial endocarditis B) Cardia allergic response C) Bacteremia D) Pulmonary embolism

A) **Bacterial endocarditis** ## Footnote *Although the occurrence is uncommon, bacterial endocarditis (bacteria-induced inflammation or infection of the heart and its valves) has occasionally been reported.*

Components of **establishing an adult teacher-learner relationship** include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? A. Trust B. Mutual respect C. Authenticity D. Offering opinions

D. **Offering opinions**

What is defined as the formation of a **V-shaped slit in the gingiva that extends apically from the gingival margin?** A) Recession B) Clefting C) Abfraction D) Floss cut

B) **Clefting** ## Footnote *Clefting is the formation of a V-shaped slit in the gingiva that extends apically from the gingival margin. **If flossing trauma is evident, further instruction should be given until the individual has become adept.***

The **tongue** is anatomically perfect for **harboring bacteria**. A patient with a **fissured tongue** (deep grooves on the tongue's surface) is **more prone to accumulate bacterial plaque and debris.** A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

C) **Both statements are true.** ## Footnote *The tongue is anatomically perfect for harboring bacteria. A patient with a fissured tongue (deep grooves on the tongue's surface) is more prone to accumulate bacterial plaque and debris.*

Which of the following can be used to **elicit the extent to which a person feels compelled to change**? A. motivational ruler B. expressing empathy C. righting reflex D. rolling with resistance

A. **motivational ruler** **Scale of 1 to 10**

The **precontemplation stage** of change is most consistent with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. being aware of a problem and thinking of ways to solve it B. learning new coping methods to sustain change C. substituting healthy responses for problem behaviors D. demonstrating denial and/or active resistance to change

D. **demonstrating denial and/or active resistance to change**

Identify the toothbrushing technique: Filaments are directed apically and angled similar to Bass method. Filaments are placed partly on cervical portion of teeth and partly on adjacent gingiva. •Short back-and-fourth vibratory strokes are employed, and the brush head is moved occlusally with light pressure

Stillman

The **outer layer** of **subgingival calculus** is **completely calcified** a) True b) False (the outer layer of subgingival calculus is only partly calcified)

b) **False** ## Footnote **(the outer layer of subgingival calculus is only _partly_ calcified)**

Possible **new strategies to control oral biofilms** include all of the following **EXCEPT:** A. Control of biofilm nutrient sources. B. Alteration of pH within biofilm microcolonies. C. Varying the oxygen concentration within biofilm. D. Addition of systemic antibiotics.

D. **Addition of systemic antibiotics.**

Tooth abrasion and/or gingival recession can be prevented or may be **less severe in over-vigorous brushers** if they use which of the following oral physiotherapeutic devices to remove biofilm? a) Soft nonrounded brush b) Hard end-rounded brush used lightly c) Water irrigator d) Soft end-rounded brush e) Soft natural bristle brush

d) **Soft end-rounded brush**

NDAs are typically used for which of the following? A. All oral medications B. Food supplements C. New drug indications D. New flavor formulations

C. **New drug indications**

All of the following are true of studies of **patient autonomy** EXCEPT one. Which one is the **EXCEPTION**? A. Autonomy is not relevant to a patient’s health. B. Patients are more motivated to manage their health. C. Patients feel more confident about managing their health. D. Patients showed improvement in health outcomes.

A. **Autonomy is not relevant to a patient’s health.**

When motivation is **imposed from an external source** (e.g., persuasion), patients’ behavior change is often \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. sustained over time B. transient and guilt-induced C. successful D. None of the above.

B. **transient and guilt-induced**

A **communication theory** that is based on the individual's **belief that actions** will **affect the outcome** is known as which of the following? a. Self-efficacy b. Transtheoretical model c. Locus of control d. Theory of reasoned action

a.**Self-efficacy**

"Resisting the righting reflex" means the clinician ____________ resistance expressed by the patient. A. minimizes B. acknowledges C. tries to resolve D. ignores

B. **acknowledges**

The purpose of toothbrushing includes: A) Removal of plaque biofilm and disturbance of its reformation B) Removal of food, debris, and stain from the oral cavity C) Application of a dentifrice containing specific ingredients to address D) All of the above

D) **All of the above** ## Footnote *All of the aforementioned are purposes of brushing of the teeth.*

Which one of the following is **NOT** an advantage for appropriate use of a **soft end-rounded brush?** a) More effective in cleaning the cervical areas b) Can be directed into the sulcus for sulcular brushing c) None of the above d) More traumatic to the gingival tissue

d) **More traumatic to the gingival tissue**

There is empirical evidence that the skillful use of MI \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. can be learned by dentists and dental hygienists B. can reduce plaque and improves gingival health C. enhances internal motivation for regular brushing D. only B and C E. All of the above.

E**. All of the above.**

Research has shown the average health care provider ____________ a patient disclosure. A. quickly interrupts B. listens intently to C. documents D. None of the above.

A. **quickly interrupts**

Identify the toothbrushing technique: Filaments are directed apically at a 45-degree angle to the long axis of the tooth. Gentle force is applied to insert bristles into sulcus. Use gentle but firm vibratory strokes without removing filament ends from sulcus. •Work back and fourth slowly •Small amounts / overlap

Bass (Sulcular)

When you try to **communicate the importance** of proper brushing to a patient who is having difficulty removing all of the plaque from his teeth, he **becomes defensive** and tells you that he already knows how to brush his teeth. Which **barrier to communication** do you face with this patient? a. Attitudinal b. Psychological c. Cultural d. Physical

a.**Attitudinal**

Traditional patient education \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. is clinician-centered B. often causes the patient to passively accept, or resist, unsolicited advice C. attempts to persuade patients to change behaviors D. All of the above.

D. **All of the above.**

Suggest the **sequence be varied** at least once each day so that the **same areas are not always brushed last** when time may be limited and biofilm removal may be less complete. Encourage the patient to begin by brushing one of the **areas of greatest** individual **needs** as shown by **disclosing agent.** a) Both statements are true b) Both statements are false c) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true d) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false

a) Both statements are **true**

**Chlorhexidine** is **highly effective** against **Streptococcus mutans** infections. **Chlorhexidine** is often **prescribed** for the **long-term** control of dental caries. 1. The first statement is true and the second statement is false 2. The first statement is false and the second statement is true 3. Both statements are true 4. Both statements are false

The first statement is **true** and the second statement is **false** ***Chlorhexidine** is **highly effective** against **Streptococcus mutans**. It is prescribed for **short-term,** not long-term, control of dental caries. (Page 384)*

What is the BEST oral-hygiene aid that helps **reduce malodor**? A) Tongue cleaner B) Chlorhexidine C) Listerine D) Interdental brushes

A) **Tongue cleaner** ## Footnote *The bacteria that collect on the surface of the tongue contribute to oral malodor, compromised wound healing, and oral diseases. Tongue cleaning helps control oral diseases and oral malodor.*

**A.** Gingivitis develops in _1 week_ when biofilm is left undisturbed on the tooth surface. **B.** Most _gingivitis is_ _reversible_, with mechanical biofilm disruption; healthy gingiva can return within a few days a) Statement A is false, and statement B is true b) Both statements are false c) Statement A is true, and statement B is false d) Both statements are true

a) Statement A is **false (2 weeks)** and statement B is **true**

**Halitosis**, or bad breath, can be caused by which of the following? A. Dry mouth B. Bacteria C. Oral debris D. Oral diseases E. All of the above.

E. **All of the above.**

**Baking soda** (sodium bicarbonate) has had a long history of use as an oral-hygiene aid. The uses for these oral-hygiene aids include **fighting plaque, gingivitis reduction, stain-removal, and odor-reducing efficacy.** A) First statement is true, second statement is false. B) First statement is false, second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false.

C) **Both statements are true.** ## Footnote *Sodium bicarbonate has had a long history of use as an oral-hygiene aid, which includes fighting plaque, gingivitis reduction, stain-removal, and odor-reducing efficacy.*

For **acid formation** to occur, which of the following must be taken up into the **biofilm**? a) Acquired pellicle b) White blood cells c) Calcium d) Cariogenic substance

d) **Cariogenic substance** **Cariogenic = causing tooth decay**

In the first case scenario when the clinician uses the MI approach with James, his increased engagement is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. increased eye contact B. looking away C. increased conversation D. A and C

D. **A.** **increased eye contact** **and** **C. increased conversation**

Dental **calculus control, tooth whitening** and **reduction of bad breath** are considered by the FDA to be what type of benefits? A. Therapeutic B. Cosmetic C. Either cosmetic or therapeutic, depending on the product.

B. **Cosmetic**

What can be used in the **anterior** of the mouth to help **differentiate** between **enamel** that is **translucent** and **calculus that is opaque?** a) Direct vision b) Radiographs c) Moth mirror and transillumination d) Disclosing solution

c) **Moth mirror** ## Footnote **and** **transillumination**

In order to appeal to different learning styles, which of the following is appropriate? A. Give the patient a handout on tooth brushing. B. Demonstrate tooth brushing in the patient’s mouth. C. Give the patient internet resources to learn more information. D. All of the above.

D. **All of the above.**

A periapical (PA) image is needed on the maxillary left premolar area. The patient presents with a large maxillary torus. Using the paralleling, or right-angle, technique, the image receptor film or sensor is to be placed A distal to the maxillary premolar area. B mesial to the maxillary premolar area. C as close to the maxillary left premolar as possible. D as far from the maxillary left premolar as possible.

ANS: D To minimize discomfort and to get the best image, the image receptor should be placed on the far side of the torus (D). Placing the image receptor distal (A) or mesial (B) to the maxillary premolar area will result in missing the desired image. In an ideal situation, the image receptor should be as close as possible to the maxillary left premolar area (C), and parallel to the long axis of the tooth for the sharpest image with reduced magnification, but the tori prevents parallelism. The best adaptation is to place the image receptor on the far side of the torus to maintain parallelism.

MIDTERM (Wilkins. 3,15,21,26,27,28,29) Nathe 10, 11, 12, 19 + P&G COPY Flashcards

Wilkins, Nathe and P&G courses