MIDTERM (Wilkins. 3,15,21,26,27,28,29) Nathe 10, 11, 12, 19 + P&G COPY

Question 1

Powered toothbrushes can be beneficial for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?

A) These brushes have been found helpful for parents who brush their children’s teeth.

B) These brushes are generally least expensive than traditional brushes.

C) These brushes are good for patients who require a larger handle, because powered models are easier to grasp.

D) These brushes are recommended for those individuals that brush only once weekly.

Answer 1

C) These brushes are good for patients who require a larger handle, because powered models are easier to grasp.

C) Power brushes are generally easier to grasp, which can be very helpful to patients that require help grasping.

Question 2

Oral irrigation removes the biofilm on the tooth structure.

Supragingival irrigation improves and prevents gingivitis.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.

C) First statement is true, second statement is false.

D) First statement is false, second statement is true.

Answer 2

D) First statement is false,

second statement is true.

Irrigation is recommended as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene, which includes toothbrushing, dental flossing, and the use of other aids as needed. It is NOT the best method to disrupt or remove biofilm, is NOT effective without toothbrushing, and should NOT be used as a substitute for mechanical plaque removal.

Question 3

An example of how a dental practitioner might determine what information is relevant to the patient is _______________.

A. Tell me how you think flossing daily will affect the gum bleeding that you have been noticing?

B. You will lose teeth if you don’t floss.

C. You are going to have to floss even if you have a hard time.

D. Why didn’t you come in 3 months ago like I told you?

Answer 3

A. Tell me how you think flossing daily will affect the gum bleeding

that you have been noticing?

Question 4

Abrasives usually do NOT damage enamel, but they may dull the tooth luster. To compensate for this, polishing agents are added to the dentifrice formulation.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 4

C) Both statements are true.

Abrasives usually do NOT damage enamel, but they may dull the tooth luster. To compensate for this, polishing agents are added to the dentifrice formulation.

Question 5

A patient’s prior experience has little to do with their expectations for oral health care. Most patients seen in dental offices in the United States have the same health beliefs.

A. Both statements are TRUE.

B. Both statements are FALSE.

C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE.

D. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE.

Answer 5

B. Both statements are FALSE.

Question 6

Fluoride ingredients allowed by the FDA for use in US dentifrices include which of the following?

A. Stannous fluoride

B. Sodium fluoride

C. Sodium monofluorophosphate

D. Only B and C.

E. A, B and C.

Answer 6

E. A, B and C.

A. Stannous fluoride

B. Sodium fluoride

C. Sodium monofluorophosphate

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a personal factor when planning interdental care?

a) A Patient’s work environment
b) None of the above
c) Appreciation for interdental oral care
d) Disability that limits ability to carry out personal oral hygiene

Answer 7

a) A Patient’s work environment

Question 8

The interdental tip is used:

a) Above the margin
b) Beneath the margin
c) At the facial cervical third
d) All of the above

Answer 8

b) Beneath the margin

Question 9

The statement, “You’re very determined, even in the face of discouragement. This change must really be important to you.” is an example of _______________.

A. an open-ended question

B. a reflection

C. affirmation

D. change talk

Answer 9

C. affirmation

Question 10

Sodium fluoride can be formulated with almost any of the available dentifrice abrasives.

A. True, sodium fluoride is easily formulated with almost any abrasive.

B. False, only compatible abrasive systems can be used, due to the high reactivity of sodium fluoride.

Answer 10

B. False, only compatible abrasive systems can be used,

due to the high reactivity of sodium fluoride.

Question 11

The maximum allowable fluoride in a NaF-containing OTC dentifrice is __________ ppm.

A. 500

B. 1150

C. 2500

D. 5000

Answer 11

B. 1150ppm

Question 12

Which of the following affects the rate of caries formation?

a) Increased frequency of dietary carbohydrates only
b) Decreased salivary flow (xerostomia), increased frequency of dietary carbohydrates, and presence of Streptococcus mutans
c) Decreased salivary flow (xerostomia only)
d) Presence of mutants streptococci only

Answer 12

b) Decreased salivary flow (xerostomia),

increased frequency of dietary carbohydrates,

and

presence of Streptococcus mutans

Question 13

The clinician will increase the likelihood of engaging patients if he/she clearly demonstrates respect for patients and recognizes they are autonomous individuals.

A. True

B. False

Answer 13

A. True

Question 14

The use of critical decision-making skills to reach conclusions about the client’s dental hygiene needs based on all available assessment data and evidence in the literature
•Identify the nature of the mouth. “What’s wrong”

Answer 14

Diagnosis

ADPIED

Question 15

Which of the following is not an acceptable property of a disclosing agent?

1. Short duration
2. Antiseptic
3. Pleasant taste
4. Distinct color contrast

Answer 15

1. Short duration

A disclosing agent that has a short duration would rinse off quickly and not allow enough time to complete instructions or clinical services. (Page 371)

Question 16

All of the following conditions are the result of trauma from toothbrushing except one. Which one is the exception?

a) Pale pink tissue lacking stippling that blanches under pressure
b) Punctate lesions that appear as red pinpoint spots
c) Diffuse redness and denuded attached gingiva
d) Scuffed epithelial surface with denuded connective tissue

Answer 16

a) Pale pink tissue lacking stippling that blanches under pressure
* The only condition listed that may not require temporary cessation of brushing would be the pale pink tissue lacking stippling that blanches under pressure. This gingival description indicates a chronic gingival condition requiring biofilm removal. (page 424)​*

Question 17

Stannous fluoride adheres to the surface of tooth enamel and forms a protective layer that is able to shield enamel from the effects of erosive acids.

A. True

B. False

Answer 17

A. True

Question 18

It is important to assess the patient’s readiness for change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change impacts the effectiveness of the oral health intervention.

B. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change affects the handouts you may give the patient.

C. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change affects the kind of debridement that will be planned.

D. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change affects the recommendations made for oral healthcare.

Answer 18

C. Knowing the patient’s readiness to change

affects the kind of debridement that will be planned.

Question 19

What bacteria are most likely responsible for caries that are present?

1. Streptococcus mutans
2. Bacteroides forsythus
3. Prevotella intermedia
4. Streptococcus intermedius complex
5. Treponema denticola

Answer 19

1. Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans are the primary acidogenic bacteria responsible for dental caries. The other bacteria are microorganisms implicated in destructive periodontal infections. (Page 378)

Question 20

All of the following extrinsic factors may interfere with pellicle formation and maturation except:

a) Intake of acidic foods and beverages
b) Whitening products
c) Abrasive toothpaste
d) Water

Answer 20

d) Water

Question 21

The establishment of realistic goals and outcomes based on client needs, expectations, values, and current scientific evidence to plan dental hygiene interventions to facilitate optimal oral health
•“How are you going to treat the client?”

Answer 21

Planning

ADPIED

Question 22

MI has been shown to positively affect health behavior change related to:

A. smoking

B. diabetes management

C. oral health

D. All of the above.

Answer 22

D. All of the above.

Question 23

________ is a term used to describe the heat treatment in which each filament end is sealed and rounded.

A) End rounding

B) Angled filaments

C) Texturing

D) Heating

Answer 23

A) End rounding

A) End rounding is a term used to describe the heat treatment in which each filament end is sealed and rounded.

Question 24

When should oral hygiene instructions take place?

1. At each appointment
2. Only at the last appointment
3. Only at the first appointment
4. Only when time allows

Answer 24

1. At each appointment

Oral hygiene instructions should be given and reviewed at each appointment. An overload of information at one appointment can be overwhelming for a patient, so instruction should be divided over several appointments. (Page 367)

Question 25

All of the following have been added to enhance dental floss except:

a) Whitening agent
b) Color
c) Fluoride
d) Chlorhexidine

Answer 25

d) Chlorhexidine

(Rx only)

Question 26

Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.

A. True

B. False, triclosan is a chemical whitening agent.

C. False, triclosan is a tubule-occluding agent.

Answer 26

A. True

Question 27

At least two brushings, accompanied by appropriate interdental care, are recommended each day for all of the following reasons except one. Which one is the exception?

a) For oral lubrication
b) For halitosis prevention
c) For the control of dental biofilm
d) For oral sanitation

Answer 27

a) For oral lubrication

Question 28

How can a subgingival biofilm formation protect periodontal pathogens from locally delivered antimicrobial agents?

A. The biofilm prevents the antimicrobial agent from entering the periodontal pocket.

B. The biofilm matrix serves as a protective barrier.

C. The biofilm fluid channels direct the antimicrobial agent out of the pocket.

D. The biofilm changes the pH of the antimicrobial agent and inactivates the agent.

Answer 28

B. The biofilm matrix serves as a protective barrier.

Question 29

What does learning consist of?

A) Motivation

B) Retention of knowledge

C) Reinforcement of knowledge

D) All of the above

Answer 29

D) All of the above

Learning is a dynamic process that involves motivation to learn, retention of knowledge, reinforcement of knowledge, and transference.

Question 30

Which of the following best represents the goal of reflective listening?

A. repeating what the patient says

B. informing using directive advice

C. keeping the patient talking

D. warning the patient

Answer 30

C. keeping the patient talking

Question 31

All of the following are recommendations for the use of power brushes except one. Which one is the exception?

a) Place a small amount of dentifrice on the brush and spread dentifrice over the teeth
b) Select dentifrice with maximum abrasiveness
c) Use light steady pressure
d) Select brush with soft end-rounded filaments
e) Place the brush in the mouth before turning power on to prevent splashing

Answer 31

b) Select dentifrice with maximum abrasiveness

Question 32

Which of the following is a key point in learning?

A) Self-efficacy

B) Relevance

C) Stressors

D) Determination

Answer 32

B) Relevance

A key point of adult learning is relevance. This concept means adults must understand WHY new information or a changed behavior is needed before true learning will take place.

Question 33

What closely examines the role of stressors and tensions as contributing factors for health and disease?

A) Salutogenesis model

B) Generalized resistance resources

C) Sense of coherence

D) Stressor

Answer 33

A) Salutogenesis model

The salutogenesis model closely examines the role of stressors and tension as contributing factors for health and disease. Salutogenesis defines health in terms of a continuum of ease to disease and the conditions surrounding the individual, which provide coping resources.

Question 34

A positive use of biofilm is _______________.

A. detoxification of human waste products

B. lining on indwelling catheters

C. coating in fish tanks

D. layer in dental unit water lines

Answer 34

A. detoxification of human waste products

Question 35

All of the following are reasons why oral hygiene instructions should be given before any clinical treatment except:

1. instruction time should be limited to 5 to 10 minutes
2. healing is more favorable if not immediately disturbed by practicing oral hygiene
3. techniques emphasis is placed on the importance of self-care
4. the patient’s gingiva are not sensitive from instrumentation

Answer 35

1. instruction time should be limited to 5 to 10 minutes

Instruction time should not be limited and therefore should be completed before clinical treatment, so the appointment time does not determine how long can be spent on oral hygiene instructions. (Page 366)

Question 36

Potassium nitrate is a commonly used, FDA-approved, OTC desensitization agent. It reduces the reaction of nerves in the teeth to stimuli such as heat and cold.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 36

C) Both statements are true.

Potassium nitrate is a commonly used, FDA-approved, OTC desensitization agent and reduces hypersensitivity.

Question 37

The step in the transtheoretical model during which return to old behavior is highly unlikely is which of the following?

a. Termination
b. Contemplation
c. Maintenance
d. Preparation

Answer 37

a.Termination

Question 38

The ISO standard specifies that dentifrices with an RDA of less than __________ are safe on hard tissues.

A. 100

B. 150

C. 250

D. 300

Answer 38

C. 250

Question 39

Xerostomia increases a patient’s caries susceptibility. All of the following are benefits of saliva in the prevention of caries except one. Which one of the following is not a benefit of saliva with respect to caries prevention?

1. Is a carrier of antibodies
2. Buffers acids that demineralize teeth
3. Supplies minerals lost in demineralization
4. Provides fluoride transport to tooth

Answer 39

Is a carrier of antibodies

Saliva is a carrier of antibodies, but this does not affect caries formation.

(Pages 378 to 379)

Question 40

What is defined as a source of disturbance that upsets a sense of equilibrium?

A) Generalized resistance resources

B) Stressor

C) Motivation

D) Cultural disturbances

Answer 40

B) Stressor

A stressor is defined as a source of disturbance that upsets a sense of equilibrium. This disturbance may come from external or internal sources such as illness, hereditary factors, job stress, or lack of personal control.

Question 41

The foundation of MI is built on _______________.

A. specific strategies the clinician teaches to the patient

B. a sincere “spirit” of mutual respect and collaboration between the clinician and patient

C. clinicians solving problems for patients

D. patients’ fear of losing their teeth

Answer 41

B. a sincere “spirit” of mutual respect and

collaboration between the clinician and patient

Question 42

The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is a required process to market a fluoride dentifrice in the US.

A. True

B. False, the ADA Seal of Acceptance program is a voluntary process to provide assurance to consumers of the safety and efficacy of a product.

C. False, the ADA Seal of Acceptance program is a voluntary program to monitor the efficacy of dentifrices.

Answer 42

B. False, the ADA Seal of Acceptance program is a voluntary process to provide assurance to consumers of the safety and efficacy of a product.

Question 43

Which of the following is a thin, acellular, homogenous layer positioned between the calculus and the tooth surface?

a) Enamel
b) Dentin
c) Plaque
d) Pellicle

Answer 43

d) Pellicle

Question 44

You have just seated your 1:00pm patient. It is a 12 year-old male full of braces. He has a high plaque score, particularly at the gingival margins. When you ask the patient to demonstrate brushing for you, he does not appear to spend any time around the orthodontic brackets. Which toothbrushing method would be most advantageous for this patient to access the plaque on the gingival side of the orthodontic bracket?

a) Charters method
b) Bass method
c) Smith method
d) Leonard method
e) Horizontal method

Answer 44

a) Charters method

Question 45

What theory states that changes take place bidirectional; environment, information, and behavior all affect one another?

A) Locus of control

B) Sense of coherence

C) Social Learning Theory

D) Theory of Reasoned Action

Answer 45

C) Social Learning Theory

Social Learning Theory states individuals do NOT learn or change behavior in a linear fashion. Rather, changes take place bidirectional; environment, information, and behavior all affect one another.

Question 46

Effective anti calculus agents work by binding calcium and inhibiting plaque calcification.

A. True

B. False

Answer 46

A. True

Question 47

A patient presents with generalized 3 to 4 mm of recession and flat interdental papillae. It is also noted that this patient has several open interproximal areas and an implant replacing tooth # 20. The dental hygienist notes in the biofilm score that the lingual surfaces of the mandibular molars and the proximal surfaces have retained a large amount of biofilm. Which interdental aid would be appropriate to recommend for this patient?

a) Toothpick in holder
b) Interdental brush with wire handle
c) Single-tuft brush
d) Interdental rubber tip

Answer 47

c) Single-tuft brush

Question 48

What focuses on the patients’ readiness to learn and change, and helps engage patients to motivate them to progress along the stages of the model?

A) Motivation

B) Motivational interviewing

C) Personal opinion

D) Values

Answer 48

B) Motivational interviewing

Motivational interviewing is defined as patient-centered counseling that helps the patient resolve conflicts and ambivalence. Behavioral changes are aided by encouraging patients to set personal goals as negotiated with the health care provider.

Question 49

Root surface demineralization can occur if the pH drops to:

a) 3.5 to 4.0
b) 6.2 to 7.0
c) 6.0 to 6.7
d) 4.5 to 5.5

Answer 49

c)

6.0 to 6.7

7.2 = normal

Question 50

The ________ is MOST appropriate for children whose dexterity is NOT sufficient to master the Bass technique.

A) Rolling technique

B) Bass technique

C) Horizontal technique

D) Stillman method

Answer 50

A) Rolling technique

The rolling technique is most appropriate for children whose dexterity is NOT sufficient to master the Bass technique.

Question 51

In which step of the preventative program would you use a dietary record?

1. Assessment of the patient’s needs
2. Plan for intervention
3. Plan for short- and long-term maintenance
4. Implementation

Answer 51

1. Assessment of the patient’s needs

Using indices such as a biofilm score or a dietary record is part of the assessment phase of a preventative program. (Page 364)

Question 52

Researchers currently believe that all of the following bacteria play a role as periodontal pathogens EXCEPT:

A. T. pallidum

B. P. gingivalis

C. A. actinomycetemcomitans

D. B. forsythus

Answer 52

A.

T. pallidum

Question 53

Your patient Mrs. Schneider came in for a prophylaxis for the first time in 3 years. After you complete the assessment, you explain to her that she has a lot of calculus and the start of periodontal disease. Mrs. Schneider is very surprised; she states that she has never had any pain or discomfort and she has been using an anticalculus dentifrice for 6 months. She asks you how can this be and you explain:

1. dental calculus formation and deposits often cause no pain or discomfort
2. the anticalculus dentifrice should have prevented the calculus formation
3. the anticalculus dentifrice usage may have prevented any pain or discomfort
4. you may have a high tolerance for pain

Answer 53

1. dental calculus formation and deposits often cause no pain or discomfort

Dental calculus can be a serious periodontal health problem without the patient suffering pain or discomfort. Calculus-control dentifrices do not have an effect on existing calculus deposits and are offered as a preventive measure against the formation of new calculus formation; these dentifrices do not have any effect on prevention of pain. (Page 303)

Question 54

The acquired or innate tendency for health professionals to “fix” a patient’s problems by offering prescriptive advice is referred to as ____________.

A. OARS

B. ambivalence

C. evocation

D. righting reflex

Answer 54

D. righting reflex

Question 55

Streptococcus mutans is responsible for caries. Which of the following is not a mechanism of action in the caries process involving Streptococcus mutans?

1. It can diffuse over the cell membrane of the acidogenic bacteria
2. It can cling to the smooth surface of the tooth
3. It can create a biofilm
4. It can produce acid from available fermentable carbohydrates

Answer 55

It can diffuse over the cell membrane of the acidogenic bacteria

Diffusion over the cell membrane of the acidogenic bacteria is the mechanism of action of fluoride in inhibiting bacteria in the biofilm, not the mechanism of action of Streptococcus mutans. (Page 379)

Question 56

Patients in the Preparation stage of change are ready to set a target date within ____________.

A. 1 month

B. 2 months

C. 3 months

D. 6 months

Answer 56

A. 1 month

Question 57

A 45-year-old female with diabetes presents to the dental office. In the dental hygienist’s initial assessments he notes that the patient has heavy biofilm accumulation on the lingual surfaces of the teeth. In order to show this to the patient he decides to apply a two-tone disclosing agent. When the patient uses a hand mirror to look at the result, she notices blue- and red-stained areas on the lingual surfaces. What do the red- and blue-stained areas indicate?

1. Red areas are newly formed and thinner biofilm; blue areas are older and thicker biofilm
2. Blue areas are newly formed and thinner biofilm; red areas are older and thicker biofilm
3. Red areas are free of biofilm; blue areas have biofilm accumulation
4. There is no difference in the two colors; both red and blue areas indicate similar biofilm accumulation

Answer 57

a. Red areas are newly formed and thinner biofilm;

blue areas are older and thicker biofilm

When using a two-tone disclosing agent the blue areas are older, thicker, more tenacious areas of biofilm. Red areas are thinner and newer areas of biofilm accumulation. (Page 372)

Question 58

It is recommended that bulimics do which of the following after vomiting?

A) Rinse with water

B) Brush teeth

C) Floss

D) Rinse with chlorhexidine

Answer 58

A) Rinse with water

It is recommended that patients with bulimia rinse with plain water or bicarbonate of soda in water immediately after vomiting.

Question 59

Complete and accurate recording of all collected data, interventions planned and provided, recommendations, and other information relevant to client care and treatment
•Write down all findings

Answer 59

Documentation

ADPIED

Question 60

Humectants allow dentifrices to retain moisture.

A. True

B. False

Answer 60

A. True

Question 61

With fluoride treatment, a noncavitated lesion can be remineralized with fluorapatite and have greater resistance to subsequent demineralization than hydroxyapatite.

A. True

B. False

Answer 61

A. True

Question 62

To study biofilms, scientists have used newer microscopy techniques such as _______________.

A. wet mount microscopy

B. scanning electron microscopy

C. confocal scanning laser microscopy

D. smear microscopy

Answer 62

C.

confocal scanning laser microscopy

Question 63

Which of the following characteristics is typical of a bacteria in a biofilm?

A. Bacteria communicate with each other by sending out chemical signals.

B. Bacteria are dispersed more or less evenly through the plaque.

C. The environment surrounding bacteria consists of the same or similar pHs.

D. Bacteria exist in isolation from each other.

Answer 63

A. Bacteria communicate with each other

by sending out chemical signals.

Question 64

Your patient Mrs. Jacobs is in for her 6-month recare appointment. Mrs. Jacobs only has her lower dentition and a complete upper denture. You ask Mrs. Jacobs if she would like to remove her upper denture, and she replies, “I have no teeth; why do I need to remove my denture?” You explain:

1. it is important to clean your denture and examine your soft tissue
2. cleaning your denture will help prevent periodontal infection
3. I respect your wishes; you can keep the denture in
4. I understand; calculus will not form on dentures

Answer 64

1. it is important to clean your denture and examine your soft tissue

Calculus is a tenacious mass that forms on the clinical crowns of the natural teeth, dental implants, dentures, and other dental prostheses. (Page 296)

Question 65

Identify the toothbrushing technique:

Filaments are directed toward the crown of the tooth.
Filaments are placed at the gingival margin and angled 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth.
•Short back-and-fourth vibratory strokes are used for activation
•Bristles directed away from the gingiva and towards the occlusal or incised edge

Answer 65

Charter

Question 66

An external locus of control refers to a patient flossing daily because it will make their dental hygienist happy. An internal locus of control refers to a patient who dictates their treatment even when it is not in their best interest.

A. Both statements are TRUE.

B. Both statements are FALSE.

C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE.

D. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE.

Answer 66

B. Both statements are FALSE.

Question 67

Which of the following ingredients reduce(s) plaque and gingivitis?

A. Stannous fluoride

B. Potassium nitrate

C. Triclosan

D. A and C.

E. A and B.

Answer 67

D. A and C.

A. Stannous fluoride

C. Triclosan

Question 68

Which statement is NOT true about disclosing agents, or disclosants?

A) They may be in either a liquid or a tablet form.

B) They allow the patient to see plaque in the mouth before or after brushing.

C) These agents can give patients a literal road map to remove the plaque.

D) The chewable tablet or the liquid disclosant chewed and swallowed.

Answer 68

D) The chewable tablet or the liquid disclosant chewed and swallowed.

They may be in either a liquid or a tablet form, may allow the patient to see plaque in the mouth before or after brushing and importantly, can give patients a literal road map to remove the plaque.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true about xerostomia?

a. Can be pharmacologically induced
b. Is a disease that causes dry mouth
c. Is always a permanent condition
d. Cannot be treated

Answer 69

a. Can be pharmacologically induced

Xerostomia can be induced by several types of medications. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is not a disease but a symptom. It can be temporary and can be treated in several ways. (Page 373)

Question 70

What occurs when individuals think their personal actions determine health status?

A) External locus of control

B) Multidimensional locus of control

C) Internal locus of control

D) Locus of control

Answer 70

C) Internal locus of control

Locus of control deals with the perception of personal control over pertinent health issues. Internal LOC occurs when individuals think their personal actions determine health status.

Question 71

Dentifrice ingredients with antibacterial activity can help reduce all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A. gingivitis

B. intrinsic stain

C. oral malodor

D. plaque biofilm

Answer 71

B. intrinsic stain

Question 72

All of the following are true regarding the benefits of removing loosely connected biofilm with the use of an oral irrigator EXCEPT

a) Provided subgingival delivery of antimicrobial agents
b) There is alteration of subgingival dental biofilm
c) Provided subgingival access to pathogenic microorganisms
d) There is no improvement in gingivitis and bleeding

Answer 72

d) There is no improvement in gingivitis and bleeding

Question 73

All of the following are examples of open-ended questions except one. Which is the exception?

A. “Can you tell me about your normal oral home care routine?”

B. “What concerns you most about your oral condition?”

C. “Are you satisfied with the information provided you today?”

D. “How do you think this is affecting your overall health?”

Answer 73

C. “Are you satisfied with the information provided you today?”

Question 74

Ambivalence refers to _______________.

A. simultaneous and contradictory feelings about something

B. the state of readiness for change

C. a strong conviction about something

D. understanding without confusion or uncertainty

Answer 74

A. simultaneous and contradictory feelings about something

Question 75

A collaborative, person-centered approach to communication aimed at eliciting and strengthening motivation for change is known as _______________.

A. active listening

B. clear and direct communication

C. motivational interviewing

D. learning ladder

Answer 75

C. motivational interviewing

Question 76

Which of the following is the more acid-resistant form of tooth mineral?

A. Fluorapatite

B. Hydroxyapatite

Answer 76

A. Fluorapatite

Question 77

The second case scenario with Teresa shows how MI can be used to elicit positive change in patients with:

A. diabetes and poor glycemic control

B. xerostomia

C. oral piercings and poor oral hygiene

D. rampant caries

Answer 77

A. diabetes and poor glycemic control

Question 78

Which one of the following recommendations should be given to a patient with halitosis?

1. Brush the tongue daily
2. Use a mouthrinse containing alcohol
3. Purchase a Halimeter to monitor breath
4. Use an oxidizing agent daily

Answer 78

1. Brush the tongue daily

The dorsal surface of the tongue is a major source of microorganisms that produce VSCs. Mouthrinses containing alcohol or oxidizing agents should not be used and can be detrimental to the oral tissues if used extensively. (Page 375)

Question 79

_________brush heads have been shown to be beneficial and were developed on the basis of their ability to improve cleaning performance and to reach critical sites easier.

a) Convex
b) Concave
c) Flat
d) Multilevel

Answer 79

d) Multilevel

Question 80

Scientists have had difficulty in identifying specific periodontal pathogens because _______________.

A. periodontal pockets contain both pathogens and non-pathogens

B. the different bacteria in periodontal pockets require different culture media

C. periodontal disease goes through active and quiescent periods

D. All of the above.

Answer 80

D. All of the above.

Question 81

Calculus formation time depends on the individual tendency, but it is strongly influenced by roughness of the tooth surface

a) True
b) False

Answer 81

a) True

Question 82

Which of the following statements is true about the col?

a) Is easily accessed for biofilm removal with a toothbrush
b) Connects the papillae
c) Is convex area that follows the gingival margin
d) Is Highly keratinized and thick

Answer 82

b) Connects the papillae

Question 83

Which involves a method of seeing the world and one’s place in it?

A) Sense of coherence

B) Sense of self

C) Sensory learning

D) None of the above

Answer 83

A) Sense of coherence

Sense of coherence is the main construct of salutogenesis and is central to a salutogenic orientation to health and disease. This is a method of seeing the world and one’s place in it.

Question 84

The specific plaque hypothesis would support the following belief:

A. “Where there is more plaque, there is more disease.”

B. “All bacteria in plaque contribute to gingivitis and periodontitis.”

C. “Calculus plays a major role in causing periodontitis.”

D. “The presence of bacterial plaque is necessary to develop periodontal disease, but not sufficient to guarantee disease.”

Answer 84

D. “The presence of bacterial plaque is necessary to develop periodontal disease, but not sufficient to guarantee disease.”

Question 85

A biofilm is _______________.

A. a loose collection of free-floating bacteria

B. a calcified collection of bacteria that cannot be easily removed

C. an acellular translucent, homogeneous film covering moist surfaces

D. a well-organized, cooperating community of microorganisms

Answer 85

D. a well-organized, cooperating community of microorganisms

Question 86

Wooden interdental cleaners should be used:

a) Even when wood has splayed
b) On healthy patients with light biofilm
c) On proximal surfaces with adequate space
d) With all patients

Answer 86

c) On proximal surfaces with adequate space

Question 87

Which one of the following would be considered the least important feature for a toothbrush handle to have?

a) Easily fits into toothbrush holder
b) Is easy to grasp
c) Does not slip or rotate during use
d) Is lightweight
e) Has no sharp corners or projections

Answer 87

a) Easily fits into toothbrush holder

Question 88

Given the nature of bacteria in biofilm, which techniques may be helpful in controlling oral biofilms?

A. Keep bacteria from communicating with each other.

B. Prevent fluid flow between microcolonies of bacteria in a biofilm.

C. Change the oxygen concentration with the biofilm microenvironments.

D. All of the above.

Answer 88

D. All of the above.

Question 89

Stannous fluoride, specifically the stannous ion, has reported activity against:

A) Caries

B) Plaque

C) Gingivitis

D) All the above

Answer 89

D) All the above

Stannous fluoride is often touted to have uses NOT only in the reduction in caries and plaque, but also improving gingival health.

Question 90

Radiographs cannot positively identify all calculus deposits because:

a) Mineralized tooth structure becomes superimposed over calculus deposits
b) Calculus is more mineralized than enamel
c) Calculus is more opaque than enamel
d) Enamel is more radiolucent than calculus

Answer 90

a) Mineralized tooth structure becomes

superimposed over calculus deposits

Question 91

The Bass method is NOT acceptable for all patients. However, this method is effective at removing plaque at the gingival margin and directly below it.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 91

B) First statement is false,

second statement is true.

The Bass method is acceptable for all patients, although it is always important to individualize patient education. However, this method is effective at removing plaque at the gingival margin and directly below it.

Question 92

Identify the toothbrushing technique:

Filaments are directed apically and rolled occlusally in a vertical motion.
•Place bristles almost parallel (apically) to attached gingival, then press against and roll away teeth grow (repeat 5-10 times per group of teeth)
•Plastic portion of brush head is level with occlusal plane

Answer 92

Roll stroke

Question 93

What oral-hygiene aid is used primarily for gingival massage and recontouring of gingival papilla after periodontal therapy?

A) End-tuft brush

B) Toothpick holder

C) Sulca brush

D) Rubber tip stimulator

Answer 93

D) Rubber tip stimulator

Rubber tip stimulators are used primarily for gingival massage and recontouring of gingival papilla after periodontal therapy.

Question 94

Important characteristics that lead to public acceptance of a dentifrice are:

A) Flavor, smell, color, and consistency

B) Flavor, smell, and texture

C) Smell, color, and consistency

D) Flavor, smell, texture, and consistency

Answer 94

A) Flavor,

smell,

color,

and

consistency

Flavor, smell, color, and consistency are all characteristics that lead for public acceptance of a dentifrice.

Question 95

Which one of the following is NOT a mode of attachment for calculus?

a) Attachment to minute irregularities in the tooth surface by mechanical locking into undercuts
b) Attachment by indirect contact between calcified intercellular matrix and the tooth surface
c) Attachment by means of an acquired pellicle
d) None of the above

Answer 95

b) Attachment by indirect contact between calcified intercellular matrix

and the tooth surface

Question 96

What is the first thing you should do prior to sharing information with a patient?

A. provide background knowledge

B. ask permission

C. remove personal protective mask

D. remind patient that you are the authority

Answer 96

B. ask permission

Question 97

The process in which a person, known as the receiver, takes the words, gestures, or other signs of the sender and recreates the thought intended by the sender of the message is known as which of the following?

a. Decoding
b. Encoding
c. Coding
d. Translating

Answer 97

a.Decoding

Decoding is the process in which a person, known as the receiver, takes the words, gestures, or other signs of the sender and recreates the thought intended by the sender of the message. Encoding refers to the translation of a thought into words, gestures, or other linguistic signs that will allow thoughts to be expressed to another. Coding and translating are more associated with encoding than with decoding.

Question 98

Antibacterial approaches can provide substantially longer-term breath efficacy than that provided by odor masking agents.

A. True

B. False

Answer 98

A. True

Question 99

The key therapeutic areas for dentifrices are __________.

A. caries

B. gingivitis

C. sensitivity

D. whitening

E. A, B and C

Answer 99

E. A, B and C

A. caries

B. gingivitis

C. sensitivity

Question 100

What oral hygiene product is recommended for Type II and III embrasures?

A) Floss threaders

B) Floss picks

C) Interdental brushes

D) Rubber tip stimulator

Answer 100

C) Interdental brushes

Interdental brushes are recommended for interproximal areas where the papilla is missing or shortened (Type II and III embrasures) and root concavities.

Question 101

The purpose of irrigation is to reduce the bacteria and inflammatory mediators that lead to the initiation or progression of periodontal infections. For the patient, irrigation can be part of routine self-care.

a) Both statements are false
b) Both statements are true
c) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
d) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Answer 101

b) Both statements are true

Question 102

Stannous fluoride is the only fluoride that delivers anticaries, antiplaque/gingivitis, enamel protection and anti-hypersensitivity benefits from one ingredient.

A. True

B. False

Answer 102

A. True

Question 103

Which of the following is the strongest motivating factor for most dental patients?

1. Peer group approval
2. Ability to chew food
3. Good oral health
4. Lack of disease and infection

Answer 103

1. Peer group approval

Peer group approval and the need to conform to group standards are frequently much stronger motivating factors than is a health reason. (Page 365)

Question 104

Which of the following bacteria plays a major role in caries development and progress?

a) Spirochetes
b) Fusobacteria
c) Streptococcus mutans
d) Filamentous bacteria
e) Leucocyte

Answer 104

c) Streptococcus mutans

Question 105

Which of the following factors does not influence the stiffness of the toothbrush filament?

a) End rounding of filaments
b) Angle of filaments
c) Length of filaments
d) Number of filaments
e) Diameter of filaments

Answer 105

a) End rounding of filaments

Question 106

The theory of reasoned action is more effective with which of the following?

A) A collective community

B) An individual

C) A small group setting

D) None of the above

Answer 106

A) A collective community

Social norms and community expectations are powerful predictors of individual behavior, according to this theory. Used in community intervention, the theory may be better able to predict the behavior of the collective community than the individual.

Question 107

Interdental gingival filling the interproximal area and under the contact of adjacent teeth describes what type of embrasure.

a) Type II
b) PTFE embrasure
c) Type I
d) Type III

Answer 107

c) Type I

Question 108

Humectants were added to maintain the moisture and prevent hardening. Commonly used humectants are sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, and propylene glycol.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 108

C) Both statements are true.

Humectants were added to maintain the moisture and prevent hardening and commonly used humectants are sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, and propylene glycol.

Question 109

Toothbrush wear (i.e., splayed, bent, or broken bristles) is influenced more by the brushing method than by the length of time of brushing. The wear is influenced more by the method than by the number of toothbrushings per day.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 109

C) Both statements are true.

Toothbrush wear (i.e., splayed, bent, or broken bristles) is influenced more by the brushing method than by the length of time of brushing. The wear is influenced more by the method than by the number of toothbrushings per day.

Question 110

Most gingival disease starts in what area?

a) Under the fixed dental prostheses
b) Gingival margin
c) Col area
d) Concavities of root surfaces

Answer 110

c) Col area

Question 111

Without the binder, the toothpaste would separate into different phases, a liquid portion and a solid-like portion, and would have to be stirred before each use.

A. True

B. False

Answer 111

A. True

Question 112

MOST toothbrushes have some type of plastic handle. The plastic allows the handle to be durable while being resistant to water.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 112

C) Both statements are true.

Most toothbrushes have some type of plastic handle. The plastic allows the handle to be durable while being resistant to water.

Question 113

Which fluoride active is unique in its ability to provide significantly greater levels of erosion protection compared to other fluoride sources?

A. Sodium fluoride

B. Sodium monofluorophosphate

C. Stannous fluoride

Answer 113

C. Stannous fluoride

Question 114

The scrub toothbrushing technique uses which movements?

A) Horizontal strokes

B) Vertical strokes

C) Circular strokes

D) All of the above

Answer 114

D) All of the above

The scrub toothbrushing technique is a combination of horizontal, vertical, and circular strokes. It also incorporates vibration movements in certain areas. Care should be taken with this technique to avoid excessive pressure.

Question 115

Patients prefer to be told which home care aids to use. The patient and the dental professional should work together to decide the most immediate problem to address.

A. Both statements are TRUE.

B. Both statements are FALSE.

C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE.

D. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE.

Answer 115

D. The first statement is FALSE;

the second statement is TRUE.

Question 116

Potassium nitrate is the most commonly used tubule-occluding agent

used to treat dentinal hypersensitivity.

A. True

B. False

Answer 116

B. False

Stannous fluoride is also a tubule-occluding agent that can treat dentinal hypersensitivity.

Question 117

Most patients should be instructed to use dental floss before toothbrushing because of all of the following except:

a) If brushing is done first the mouth may feel clean and flossing may not be completed
b) Patients who are in a hurry will skip flossing if it is done second to brushing
c) Patients who floss before brushing are less likely to complete brushing
d) Fluoride in the dentifrice can be reach the proximal surfaces if biofilm is removed.

Answer 117

c) Patients who floss before brushing are less likely to complete brushing

Flossing before brushing allows the dentifrice to each proximal surfaces and patients are more likely to not floss if brushing is completed first (page 434)

Question 118

The systematic collection of data to identify oral and general health status based on client problems, needs, and strengths
•Use all tools available to you

Answer 118

Assessment

ADPIED

Question 119

An incipient carious lesion begins as:

a) A brown discoloration on the surface of the tooth
b) An area of decalcification on the surface of the tooth
c) A subsurface demineralization
d) A white spot on the surface of the tooth

Answer 119

a) A brown discoloration on the surface of the tooth

Question 120

Review and assessment of the outcomes of dental hygiene care
•”How’d it go?”
•6 month recall for healthy mouth

Answer 120

Evaluation​

ADPIED

Question 121

Calculus forms in layers that are more or less perpendicular with the tooth surface. The layers are separated by lines that appear to be pellicle deposited over the previously formed calculus, and as mineralization progressed, the pellicle imbedded.

a) Both are true
b) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false
c) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true
d) Both are false

Answer 121

c) The first statement is false,

and

the second statement is true

Question 122

Smaller particles (1 mm) have an abrasive action, and larger particles (20 mm) have a polishing action.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 122

D) Both statements are false.

All sizes of particles may be used for polishing and abrasion; however larger particles are better used for abrasion and smaller particles are better used for polishing.

Question 123

When are floss holders NOT recommended?

A) Poor dexterity

B) Small hands

C) Strong gag reflex

D) Physical disabilities

Answer 123

B) Small hands

A dental floss holder is a device that holds floss and eliminates the need for placing fingers in the mouth. It is recommended for those with physical disabilities, poor dexterity, large hands, limited mouth opening, or a strong gag reflex.

Question 124

Which of the following is not a part of the four key principles of motivational interviewing?

A. resist the righting reflex

B. listen to your patient

C. design goals for patient

D. empower your patient

Answer 124

C. design goals for patient

R.U.L.E.

Resist

Understand patient’s motivation

Listen to patient

Empower patient

Question 125

A patient’s verbal expression of their desire, reason, ability or need to make a change in oral health behaviors is referred to as:

A. motivational ruler

B. empathy

C. change talk

D. resistance

Answer 125

C.

change talk

Question 126

Floss should be guided past each contact area with what type of motion?

a) Horizontal only
b) A snap
c) Sawing
d) Vertical only

Answer 126

c) Sawing

Question 127

Which is NOT a source of motivation?

A) Religious beliefs

B) External expectations

C) Social relationships

D) Social welfare

Answer 127

A) Religious beliefs

When presenting education to adults, motivating the adult learner requires certain considerations. Six sources of adult motivation are: social relationships, external expectations, social welfare, personal advancement, escape stimulation, and cognitive interests.

Question 128

The initial care plan should include:

a) Minimum frequency of use for interdental aids
b) Complex and detailed procedures
c) A strict daily oral care regimen
d) Several interdental aids

Answer 128

a) Minimum frequency of use for interdental aids

Question 129

Andragogy refers to the art and science of helping ____________ learn.

A. children

B. everyone

C. adults

D. adolescents

Answer 129

C. adults

Question 130

The degree of dentifrice abrasiveness depends on:

A) The inherent hardness of the abrasive

B) The size of the abrasive particle

C) The shape of the particle

D) All of the above

Answer 130

D) All of the above

Dentifrice abrasiveness is dependent upon the hardness, size and shape of the particle.

Question 131

The active ingredient in the first dentifrice to receive the ADA Seal of Acceptance was __________.

A. sodium fluoride

B. sodium monofluorophosphate

C. stannous fluoride

Answer 131

C. stannous fluoride

Question 132

Which of the following is a systemic factor contributing to halitosis?

Cirrhosis of the liver

Fetor ex ore

Xerostomia

Cleft palate

Answer 132

1. Cirrhosis of the liver
   * Cirrhosis of the liver can be a systemic factor contributing to halitosis. Fetor ex ore is another name for halitosis. Xerostomia and cleft palate are oral factors that can contribute to halitosis. (Page 374)*

Question 133

Which disclosing agent requires ultraviolet light to make areas of biofilm retention visible?

1. Fluorescein
2. Fast green
3. Erythrosin
4. Mercurochrome

Answer 133

1. Fluorescein

Fluorescein made with F.D. & C. Yellow No. 8 requires the use of an ultraviolet light in order to make the agent visible within the oral cavity. (Page 372)

Question 134

Identify the toothbrushing technique:

Filaments are activated in a circular motion.

• *90-degree angle.**
• *Big circles cover mandible and maxillary arches**

Answer 134

Fones

Question 135

A patient constantly looks at the floor instead of making eye when communicating with the dental hygienist. Which type of communication is his looking at the floor?

a. Nonverbal
b. Nonverbal, vocal
c. Verbal, vocal
d. Verbal, nonvocal

Answer 135

a.Nonverbal

Question 136

Why would it be important to replace the restorations that have recurrent decay or are lacking marginal seal?

1. To help decrease the bacterial count in the oral cavity
2. To improve the esthetic appearance
3. To make sure the dentist meets his monthly production goal
4. All restorations should be replaced every few years

Answer 136

1. To help decrease the bacterial count in the oral cavity

Well-placed restorations with a marginal seal will lower the bacterial counts in the oral cavity. This is thought to decrease the person’s chance of getting caries. (Page 383)

Question 137

Which of the following is true regarding the pellicle?

a) Is soluble
b) Is readily visible
c) Protein components are derived from water
d) Primarily comprised of glycoproteins

Answer 137

d) Primarily comprised of glycoproteins

Question 138

Which of the following correctly describes the anatomy of the posterior interdental area?

a) Between adjacent teeth there is a single papilla, which forms a col under the contact area
b) The col area is thick and keratinized
c) The single papilla has a pyramidal shape
d) Between adjacent teeth there are two papillae, one facial and one lingual

Answer 138

d) Between adjacent teeth there are two papillae,

one facial and one lingual

Question 139

The primary mechanism of action for fluoride includes __________.

A. promotion of remineralization

B. inhibition of demineralization

C. Both A and B.

D. None of the above.

Answer 139

C. BOTH

A. promotion of remineralization

AND

B. inhibition of demineralization

Question 140

The lines between the layers of calculus can be called:

a) Sharpey lines
b) Enamel lines
c) Lines of demarcation
d) Incremental lines

Answer 140

d) Incremental lines

Question 141

The MOST common types of abrasives used are:

A) Carbonates

B) Phosphates

C) Silicas

D) All the above

Answer 141

D) All the above

All of the answers are commonly used abrasives.

Question 142

At any one point in time, 80% of patients are at which of the following stages of change _______________.

A. Precontemplation

B. Preparation

C. Action

D. Relapse/Maintenance

Answer 142

A. Precontemplation

Question 143

When using the oral irrigator a standard delivery tip is directed ________ to the long axis of the tooth.

Answer 143

Perpendicular

Question 144

Abrasion can occur from toothbrushing. Toothbrush abrasion usually appears as a V-shaped notch in the cementum apical to the cementoenamel junction.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 144

C) Both statements are true.

When toothbrush abrasion damage does occur, it usually appears as a V-shaped notch in the cementum apical to the cementoenamel junction and is termed toothbrush abrasion.

Question 145

Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question?

A. Do you have any concerns about your mouth?

B. Tell me what you have used to clean between your teeth?

C. Did you floss your teeth today?

D. How often do you brush your teeth each day?

Answer 145

B. Tell me what you have used to clean between your teeth?

Question 146

Delivery of dental hygiene services based on the dental hygiene care plan while minimizing risk and optimizing oral health
•Treating your client

Answer 146

Implementation

ADPIED

Question 147

What is the most common nerve depolarizing agent used in sensitivity dentifrice?

A. Amine fluoride

B. Potassium nitrate

C. Sodium hexametaphosphate

D. Strontium chloride

Answer 147

B. Potassium nitrate

Question 148

What is defined as an unpleasant breath emanating from the oral cavity, regardless of its origin?

A) Periodontal disease

B) Sour breath

C) Halitosis

D) Sweet breath

Answer 148

C) Halitosis

Halitosis is defined as an unpleasant breath emanating from the oral cavity. Although this occurs in the oral cavity, the originating source of malodor can be nasal, nasopharyngeal, sinus, or oropharyngeal areas.

Question 149

Which of the following is a key component of motivational interviewing?

a. Expressing empathy, acceptance, and respect for the patient
b. Using a similar motivational approach for all patients
c. Clinician does most of the talking
d. Clinician instills knowledge, insight, and motivation

Answer 149

a. Expressing empathy,

acceptance,

and

respect for the patient

Question 150

What is defined as bacteria-induced inflammation or infection of the heart and its valves?

A) Bacterial endocarditis

B) Cardia allergic response

C) Bacteremia

D) Pulmonary embolism

Answer 150

A) Bacterial endocarditis

Although the occurrence is uncommon, bacterial endocarditis (bacteria-induced inflammation or infection of the heart and its valves) has occasionally been reported.

Question 151

Components of establishing an adult teacher-learner relationship include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Trust

B. Mutual respect

C. Authenticity

D. Offering opinions

Answer 151

D. Offering opinions

Question 152

What is defined as the formation of a V-shaped slit in the gingiva that extends apically from the gingival margin?

A) Recession

B) Clefting

C) Abfraction

D) Floss cut

Answer 152

B) Clefting

Clefting is the formation of a V-shaped slit in the gingiva that extends apically from the gingival margin. If flossing trauma is evident, further instruction should be given until the individual has become adept.

Question 153

The tongue is anatomically perfect for harboring bacteria. A patient with a fissured tongue (deep grooves on the tongue’s surface) is more prone to accumulate bacterial plaque and debris.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 153

C) Both statements are true.

The tongue is anatomically perfect for harboring bacteria. A patient with a fissured tongue (deep grooves on the tongue’s surface) is more prone to accumulate bacterial plaque and debris.

Question 154

Which of the following can be used to elicit the extent to which a person feels compelled to change?

A. motivational ruler

B. expressing empathy

C. righting reflex

D. rolling with resistance

Answer 154

A. motivational ruler

Scale of 1 to 10

Question 155

The precontemplation stage of change is most consistent with _______________.

A. being aware of a problem and thinking of ways to solve it

B. learning new coping methods to sustain change

C. substituting healthy responses for problem behaviors

D. demonstrating denial and/or active resistance to change

Answer 155

D. demonstrating denial and/or active resistance to change

Question 156

Identify the toothbrushing technique:

Filaments are directed apically and angled similar to Bass method.
Filaments are placed partly on cervical portion of teeth and partly on adjacent gingiva.
•Short back-and-fourth vibratory strokes are employed, and the brush head is moved occlusally with light pressure

Answer 156

Stillman

Question 157

The outer layer of subgingival calculus is completely calcified

a) True
b) False (the outer layer of subgingival calculus is only partly calcified)

Answer 157

b) False

(the outer layer of subgingival calculus is only partly calcified)

Question 158

Possible new strategies to control oral biofilms include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Control of biofilm nutrient sources.

B. Alteration of pH within biofilm microcolonies.

C. Varying the oxygen concentration within biofilm.

D. Addition of systemic antibiotics.

Answer 158

D. Addition of systemic antibiotics.

Question 159

Tooth abrasion and/or gingival recession can be prevented or may be less severe in over-vigorous brushers if they use which of the following oral physiotherapeutic devices to remove biofilm?

a) Soft nonrounded brush
b) Hard end-rounded brush used lightly
c) Water irrigator
d) Soft end-rounded brush
e) Soft natural bristle brush

Answer 159

d) Soft end-rounded brush

Question 160

NDAs are typically used for which of the following?

A. All oral medications

B. Food supplements

C. New drug indications

D. New flavor formulations

Answer 160

C. New drug indications

Question 161

All of the following are true of studies of patient autonomy EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Autonomy is not relevant to a patient’s health.

B. Patients are more motivated to manage their health.

C. Patients feel more confident about managing their health.

D. Patients showed improvement in health outcomes.

Answer 161

A. Autonomy is not relevant to a patient’s health.

Question 162

When motivation is imposed from an external source (e.g., persuasion), patients’ behavior change is often _______________.

A. sustained over time

B. transient and guilt-induced

C. successful

D. None of the above.

Answer 162

B. transient and guilt-induced

Question 163

A communication theory that is based on the individual’s belief that actions will affect the outcome is known as which of the following?

a. Self-efficacy
b. Transtheoretical model
c. Locus of control
d. Theory of reasoned action

Answer 163

a.Self-efficacy

Question 164

“Resisting the righting reflex” means the clinician ____________ resistance expressed by the patient.

A. minimizes

B. acknowledges

C. tries to resolve

D. ignores

Answer 164

B. acknowledges

Question 165

The purpose of toothbrushing includes:

A) Removal of plaque biofilm and disturbance of its reformation

B) Removal of food, debris, and stain from the oral cavity

C) Application of a dentifrice containing specific ingredients to address

D) All of the above

Answer 165

D) All of the above

All of the aforementioned are purposes of brushing of the teeth.

Question 166

Which one of the following is NOT an advantage for appropriate use of a soft end-rounded brush?

a) More effective in cleaning the cervical areas
b) Can be directed into the sulcus for sulcular brushing
c) None of the above
d) More traumatic to the gingival tissue

Answer 166

d) More traumatic to the gingival tissue

Question 167

There is empirical evidence that the skillful use of MI _______________.

A. can be learned by dentists and dental hygienists

B. can reduce plaque and improves gingival health

C. enhances internal motivation for regular brushing

D. only B and C

E. All of the above.

Answer 167

E. All of the above.

Question 168

Research has shown the average health care provider ____________ a patient disclosure.

A. quickly interrupts

B. listens intently to

C. documents

D. None of the above.

Answer 168

A. quickly interrupts

Question 169

Identify the toothbrushing technique:

Filaments are directed apically at a 45-degree angle to the long axis of the tooth.
Gentle force is applied to insert bristles into sulcus.
Use gentle but firm vibratory strokes without removing filament ends from sulcus.
•Work back and fourth slowly
•Small amounts / overlap

Answer 169

Bass (Sulcular)

Question 170

When you try to communicate the importance of proper brushing to a patient who is having difficulty removing all of the plaque from his teeth, he becomes defensive and tells you that he already knows how to brush his teeth. Which barrier to communication do you face with this patient?

a. Attitudinal
b. Psychological
c. Cultural
d. Physical

Answer 170

a.Attitudinal

Question 171

Traditional patient education _______________.

A. is clinician-centered

B. often causes the patient to passively accept, or resist, unsolicited advice

C. attempts to persuade patients to change behaviors

D. All of the above.

Answer 171

D. All of the above.

Question 172

Suggest the sequence be varied at least once each day so that the same areas are not always brushed last when time may be limited and biofilm removal may be less complete. Encourage the patient to begin by brushing one of the areas of greatest individual needs as shown by disclosing agent.

a) Both statements are true
b) Both statements are false
c) The first statement is false, and the second statement is true
d) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false

Answer 172

a) Both statements are true

Question 173

Chlorhexidine is highly effective against Streptococcus mutans infections. Chlorhexidine is often prescribed for the long-term control of dental caries.

1. The first statement is true and the second statement is false
2. The first statement is false and the second statement is true
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

Answer 173

The first statement is true

and

the second statement is false

Chlorhexidine is highly effective against Streptococcus mutans. It is prescribed for short-term, not long-term, control of dental caries. (Page 384)

Question 174

What is the BEST oral-hygiene aid that helps reduce malodor?

A) Tongue cleaner

B) Chlorhexidine

C) Listerine

D) Interdental brushes

Answer 174

A) Tongue cleaner

The bacteria that collect on the surface of the tongue contribute to oral malodor, compromised wound healing, and oral diseases. Tongue cleaning helps control oral diseases and oral malodor.

Question 175

A. Gingivitis develops in 1 week when biofilm is left undisturbed on the tooth surface. B. Most gingivitis is reversible, with mechanical biofilm disruption; healthy gingiva can return within a few days

a) Statement A is false, and statement B is true
b) Both statements are false
c) Statement A is true, and statement B is false
d) Both statements are true

Answer 175

a) Statement A is false (2 weeks)

and

statement B is true

Question 176

Halitosis, or bad breath, can be caused by which of the following?

A. Dry mouth

B. Bacteria

C. Oral debris

D. Oral diseases

E. All of the above.

Answer 176

E. All of the above.

Question 177

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) has had a long history of use as an oral-hygiene aid. The uses for these oral-hygiene aids include fighting plaque, gingivitis reduction, stain-removal, and odor-reducing efficacy.

A) First statement is true, second statement is false.

B) First statement is false, second statement is true.

C) Both statements are true.

D) Both statements are false.

Answer 177

C) Both statements are true.

Sodium bicarbonate has had a long history of use as an oral-hygiene aid, which includes fighting plaque, gingivitis reduction, stain-removal, and odor-reducing efficacy.

Question 178

For acid formation to occur, which of the following must be taken up into the biofilm?

a) Acquired pellicle
b) White blood cells
c) Calcium
d) Cariogenic substance

Answer 178

d) Cariogenic substance

Cariogenic = causing tooth decay

Question 179

In the first case scenario when the clinician uses the MI approach with James, his increased engagement is indicated by _______________.

A. increased eye contact

B. looking away

C. increased conversation

D. A and C

Answer 179

D.

A. increased eye contact

and

C. increased conversation

Question 180

Dental calculus control, tooth whitening and reduction of bad breath are considered by the FDA to be what type of benefits?

A. Therapeutic

B. Cosmetic

C. Either cosmetic or therapeutic, depending on the product.

Answer 180

B. Cosmetic

Question 181

What can be used in the anterior of the mouth to help differentiate between enamel that is translucent and calculus that is opaque?

a) Direct vision
b) Radiographs
c) Moth mirror and transillumination
d) Disclosing solution

Answer 181

c) Moth mirror

and

transillumination

Question 182

In order to appeal to different learning styles, which of the following is appropriate?

A. Give the patient a handout on tooth brushing.

B. Demonstrate tooth brushing in the patient’s mouth.

C. Give the patient internet resources to learn more information.

D. All of the above.

Answer 182

D. All of the above.

Question 183

A periapical (PA) image is needed on the maxillary left premolar
area. The patient presents with a large maxillary torus. Using the
paralleling, or right-angle, technique, the image receptor film or
sensor is to be placed

A distal to the maxillary premolar area.
B mesial to the maxillary premolar area.
C as close to the maxillary left premolar as possible.
D as far from the maxillary left premolar as possible.

Answer 183

ANS: D
To minimize discomfort and to get the best image, the image
receptor should be placed on the far side of the torus (D). Placing
the image receptor distal (A) or mesial (B) to the maxillary
premolar area will result in missing the desired image. In an ideal
situation, the image receptor should be as close as possible to the
maxillary left premolar area (C), and parallel to the long axis of
the tooth for the sharpest image with reduced magnification, but
the tori prevents parallelism. The best adaptation is to place the
image receptor on the far side of the torus to maintain
parallelism.