Preventive care Flashcards
What is preventive care?
medical care that focuses on disease prevention:
What are the 3 types of preventive care?
- Primary - intervening before health effects occur (I.e., vaccines, screenings (with negative results), diet, exercise)
- Secondary - screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, BEFORE the onset of symptoms
- Tertiary - managing disease post diagnosis to SLOW or STOP disease progression (I.e. Tx)
What is health maintenance?
aka preventive medicine (screenings and vaccinations)
- Guiding principle that emphasizes HEALTH PROMOTION & DISEASE PREVENTION rather than the management of symptoms & illness
What is health literacy?
Degree to which individuals (patients) have the capacity to obtain, process, & understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions and services needed to prevent or treat illness
What are the 5 components of a preventive care visit?
- Risk factor identification based on personal and family health history
- Age and gender-specific screening
- Appropriate laboratory and diagnostic screening tests
- Health education and counseling
- Assess immunization status & administer immunizations as appropriate
What is a key purpose in obtaining a patient’s personal medical history?
to identify what conditions the patient is at risk for and the screening measures appropriate for those conditions
What would approaching patient’s PMH in a non-judgmental, professional, matter-of-fact manner do?
enhance patient disclosure of sensitive information - get a better PMH as a result
What needs to be documented in regards to a patient’s exercise?
- Document the TYPE of activity, FREQUENCY, and DURATION (lack of exercise/sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke)
- Recognize excessive exercise syndromes - in women it may manifest as a triad of symptoms: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. May result in premature osteoporotic fractures due to permanent loss of bone mineral density.
- If the patient exercises, inquire about the history of exercise-induced symptoms such as syncope, chest pain, difficulty breathing, anaphylaxis, or urticaria. Syncope is more ominous if it occurs during exercise than during the post-exertional state and always requires investigation because may be only symptom to precede sudden cardiac death
- Also document whether there is any use of performance enhancing drugs or supplements
What is the CDC exercise recommendation for preschool aged children (3-5 years)?
Physical activity every day throughout the day
- Active play through a variety of enjoyable physical activities
What is the CDC exercise recommendation for children and adolescents (6-17 years)?
60 minutes (1 hour) or more of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity daily
A variety of enjoyable physical activities
As part of the 60 minutes, on at least 3 days a week, children and adolescents need:
- Vigorous activity such as running or soccer
- Activity that strengthens muscles such as climbing or push ups
- Activity that strengthens bones such as gymnastics or jumping rope
What is the CDC exercise recommendation for adults (18-64 years)?
At least 150 minutes a week of moderate intensity activity such as brisk walking
At least 2 days a week of activities that strengthen muscles
What is the CDC exercise recommendation for older adults (65+)?
At least 150 minutes a week of moderate intensity activity such as brisk walking
At least 2 days a week of activities that strengthens muscles
Activities to improve balance such as standing on one foot (prevent falls)
How do you assess a patient’s diet and nutrition?
Assess by asking a typical day’s food intake (avoiding the word “diet” - may be taken wrong). Include number of meals per day and what is being eaten. If the patient follows a specific diet (vegan, vegetarian, low carb, etc.) assess for nutritional deficiencies
What is the goal in obtaining a nutritional history?
To identify dietary deficiencies or excesses and educating the patient about how to improve their nutritional status
What needs to be documented regarding a patient’s diet and nutrition?
- Document the use of vitamins and supplements
- Document the amount of WATER and other beverages consumed. QUANITY OF CAFFEINE consumed per day should be documented in standard units of measure (I.e., cups of coffee)
- also how many meals per day and what is being eaten, if on a specific diet, and the use of vitamins and supplements
