Prevention of psychiatric d/o

Question 1

burden of psychiatric d/o

Answer 1

• psychiatric d/o have the earliest age of onset of all health problems
• place heavy burden on nations
• account for 22% of global burden of disease

Question 2

early prevention intervention

Answer 2

• promote health of mother and father prior to conception
• reduce risk factors during prenatal and perinatal period
• foster protective factors like emotional self regulation and secure attachment
• prevent exposure to neglect, abuse, harsh parenting, and exposure to prenatal psychopathology

Question 3

primary prevention

Answer 3

preventing occurrence of new cases

Question 4

secondary prevention

Answer 4

early identification and treatment

Question 5

tertiary prevention

Answer 5

prevention of disability associated with a disease or prevention or recurrence

Question 6

universal prevention

Answer 6

• promotion of prenatal health through adequate maternal nutrition
• maternal immunizations
• prevention of childhood truama and abuse
• prevention of head injuries through use of helmets and safe playing conditions
• diet that has potential to enhance brain development and function like omega 3 fatty acids

Question 7

selective prevention

Answer 7

• targets individuals or subgroups of population that are at increased risk for d/os
• risk may be immediate or in future
• may be biological or psychological or social
• populations at risk: (children of depressed parents; postpartum mothers; individuals who have been exposed to traumatic events or experienced losses)

Question 8

indicated prevention

Answer 8

• interventions that target high risk individuals already having minimal sx of do
• indicated prevention may begin to prevent or delay like in schizophrenia
• indicated prevention has the strongest preventative effect

Question 9

prevention: preconception period

Answer 9

• the brain begins to develop with in two to three weeks after conception
• best time for prevention is three months prior to conception
• Recommendation of folic acid is 400-800 micrograms daily to lower risk of birth defects of brain and spine
• recommendations for men: test for STIs; limit alcohol, quit smoking and or illegal drugs; eat healthy, reduce stress; be careful not to expose female partner to any toxins or chemicals that they have been working with

Question 10

risk factors in infancy to develop psychiatric d/o’s later in life

Answer 10

• having difficulty temperament like irritability and impulsivity
• lacking emotional self-regulation
• developing insecure attachment patterns
• experiencing neglect and abuse

Question 11

risk factors in childhood for developing psychiatric d/o’s later in life

Answer 11

-marital discord
-low social class and income
-large family size (more than four children spaced less than two years apart)
-paternal criminality
-maternal mental disorder
-foster care placement
(2 risk factors increased the risk 4x and 4 risk factors increased the risk 10x)

Question 12

preventing ADHD

Answer 12

risk factors for ADHD

• prenatal exposure to tobacco and alchohol
• durgs abuse
• deficient diet
• adverse circumstance of brith such as hemorrhage, prolonged labor, hypoxia, and low birth wt
• disorgnaized attachment patterns
• parental discord
• low socioeconomic status

Question 13

preventing CD

Answer 13

risk factors
-major/significant risks are sexual abuse, problems with peers, poor sibling relationships, losses, poor parental supervision, parental unemployment, and parental depression

• difficult temperament
• impaired ability to interpret social cues
• deficiets in social problem solving skills; impaired ability to anticipate consequences; low academic achievement/reading disabilities
• maternal depression
• paternal alcoholism, antisocial behavior, criminality
• paternal conflict around divorce
• family violence and spousal abuse; poverty and unemployment; maternal lack of social support; critical or harsh discipline; exposure of children to violence through television and media

Question 14

preventing ODD

Answer 14

risk factors
-key risk factors are poor parental supervision, poor sibling relationships, scapegoating, sexual abuse, lack of friends and neglect

• premature birth, birth complications, exposure to toxins, difficult temperament
• high risk parenting practices like critical or controlling, harsh, or abusive,
• insecure attachment pattern
• family adversities like conflict and violence, parental mental illness, life stressors like poverty, transitions and negative life events and lack of social support