Prevention and txt of Periodontal disease in primary care Flashcards
What is the key recommendation for assessment of perio pts?
- Assess and explain risk factors for perio disease
- Screen all pt for perio disease at every routine management
- Carry out full perio exam for pts with BPE 3, 4 and *
What is gingivitis?
- Plaque-induced inflammation of the gingivae characterised by red, swollen
tissues which bleed on brushing or probing
What is Chronic periodontitis?
- Characterised by the destruction of the junctional epithelium and connective
tissue attachment of the tooth, together with bone destruction and formation of periodontal pockets. - The disease progresses slowly and the
amount of bone loss tends to reflect the age of the patient over time
What is aggresive periodontitis?
- A severe condition usually found in a younger cohort of patients, which
may be associated with a familial history of aggressive periodontitis. - Disease
progression is rapid and the degree of destruction of the connective tissue
attachment and bone is severe, considering the age of the patient. - Plaque
levels may be inconsistent with the level of disease seen
What is necrotising ulcerative gingivitis? NUG and NUP
- Painful ulceration of the tips of the interdental papillae.
- Grey necrotic tissue
is visible and there is an associated halitosis.
The condition
is termed necrotising ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) in the presence of
connective tissue attachment loss and bone destruction.
What is periodontal abscess?
- Infection in a periodontal pocket which can be acute or chronic and
asymptomatic if freely draining
What are perio-endo lesions?
- Lesions may be independent or coalescing and the bacterial source originates
either in the periodontium or the root canal system
What is gingival enlargement?
- Thickening of the gingivae which can occur as a response to irritation caused
by plaque or calculus, repeated friction or trauma, fluctuations in hormone
levels or the use of some medications
What are the main risk factors for periodontal disease?
- Smoking
- Poorly controlled diabetes
- Poor controlled cardiovascular disease
- Family history
- Meds such as calcium channel blockers, phenytoin , ciclosporin = gingival enlargement (hyperplasia)
- Hormonal changes in adolescents and pregnancy
- Local risk factors like calculus , malpositioned teeth, overhanging rest, partial dentures
Why is smoking a risk factor of perio disease?
- Reduces gingival blood flow (thereby supresses signs and symptoms of gingivitis)
- Impair wound healinig
- Increases production of inflammation mediating cytokines
- Don’t respond as well as non smokers and increased risk of losing teeth
Why is poorly controlled diabetes risk of periodontsl disease?
- Enhances signs and symptoms of gingivitis and periodontitis
- Adverse affect on wound healing, making txt more difficult
What is the probing force of BPE screening?
- 25g
- Equivalent to force required to blanch a fingernail
Why does BOP occur?
- Inflammation of periodontal tissues in response to presence of dental plaque and microorganisms leading to bleeding
- Absence suggest periodontal health
Why do smokers not BOP?
- Suppressed inflammatory response
What is a BPE? How is it done?
- Screening tool for assessment of dentate adult pts
- modified used for children and adolescents
- Indicates what further assessment and perio txt is needed
How is a BPE done?
- WHO CPITN probe (with 0.5mm diameter ball end) walked around gingival margin at pressure of 25g
- Divide into 6 sextants (must include at least 2 teeth, if only one include in neighbouring sextant)
- Record highest score for each sextant including any furcation involvement
- Consider recording plaque scores for pts with sig plaque levels
What are the BPE scoring codes?
How do you screen children and adolescents <18yrs?
- Modified BPE to avoid problem of false pocketing
- Explain reason for exam
- Using WHO CPITN probe with light 25g probing force examine 16, 11, 26, 36, 31, 46
- BPE codes 0-2 used for 7 to 11 (mixed dentition) to screen for bleeding and presence of local plaque retentive factors
- BPE codes normal for 12-17yrs olds (perm teeth erupted)
- Refer any child immediately with evidence of perio or unexplained gingival enlargement to consultant paed dentistry, consultant restorative or specialist perio
What is the guidance for further assessment and txt based on BPE score?
What does a full periodontal examination involve?
- Charting gingival margins (recssion)
- Porbing depths
- BOP
- Moibility
- Furcation involvement
- Measured at 6 sites on each tooth
- Using PCP 12mm probe walked around the gingival margin