Drug prescribing Flashcards
What are the key signs of Anaphylaxis?
- Marked upper airway oedema and bronchospasm
- Stridor and wheezing
- Tachycardia (HR > 110 per min) and increased respiratory rate
What are the symptoms of Anaphylaxis?
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Sense of impending doom
- Flushing but also pallor can happen
- Mild allergy symptoms
What is the management of patient in anaphylaxis?
- Assess patient
- Call ambulance
- Secure pt airway
- Help restore BP by laying pt flat and raising feet
- Remove source of anaphylaxis if known (use suction)
- Oxygen/adrenaline
What is the oxygen dose for anaphylaxis?
- 100% oxygen with flow rate of 15litres/minute
- Same for adults and children
What is the adrenaline dose for anaphylaxis?
- 0.5ml (1:1000) i.m. injection repeated after 5 mins if needed (12-adult)
- 0.3ml for 6-11years
- 0.15ml for 6months-5years
What are the key signs of mild allergy?
- Hives and rash, particularly of chest, hands and feet
- Rhinitis and conjunctivitis
- Mild bronchospasm without evidence of sever shortness of breath
What are the 3 management options for mild allergy?
- antihistamine
/ - Cetrizine
- Chlorphenamine
- Loratadine
What is the management of mild allergy with signs of mild bronchospasm?
- Salbutamol inhaler 4 puffs (100mg per actuation) through large-vol spacer
- Repeat as needed
What are the signs of life threatening asthma?
- Cyanosis or respiratory rate <8 per min
- Bradycardia (HR <50per min)
- Exhaustion, confusion, decreased conscious level
What are the signs of acute severe asthma?
- Inability to complete sentences in one breath
- Respiratory rate >25 per min
- Tachycardia
When should a pt suffering asthma attack be transferred to hospital?
- If life-threatening signs immediately
- If not responding to bronchodilators within 5 mins of severe episode
What is the management of asthma attack?
- Assess pt
- Sit pt upright
- 100% oxygen 15litres/min
- Pt own bronchodilator 2 puffs
- If not available then salbulatmol inhaler 4 puffs 100mg per actuation through large vol spacer
What is the key sign of angina and MI?
- Progressive onset of sever crushing pain in centre and across front of chest
- May radiate to shoulders and down arms, into neck and jaw
What are the symptoms of angina and MI?
- Shortness of breath
- Increased respiratory rate
- Skin becomes pale and clammy
- Nausea and vomiting are common
- Pulse might be weak and blood pressure might fall
What is the management of angina or MI?
- 100% oxygen 15litres/min
- GTN (glyceryl trinitrate) 2 puffs 400mg per dose sublingually , repeat after 3mins if chest pain remains
- Call ambulance if does not respond
- Aspirin 300mg orally
What are the keys signs of Cardiac arrest?
- Loss of consciousness
- Absence of normal breathing
- Loss of pulse
- Dilation of pupils
What is the management of cardiac arrest?
- BLS and call ambulance
- 100% oxygen 15litres/min
- Defibrillation
What are the key signs of epilepsy?
- Sudden loss of consciousness
- May become rigid, fall and become cyanosed
- Jerking movements of limb and tongue bitten
What are the symptoms of epilepsy?
- Brief warning or aura
- Frothing from mouth or urinary incontinence
What is the management of epilepsy?
- Assess
- Don’t restrain convulsive movements
- Ensure not at risk of injury
- Secure airway
- 100% oxygen 15litres/min
- 10mg midazolam 2ml oromucosal solution