Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MDENT110 > Prevention and management of caries > Flashcards

Prevention and management of caries Flashcards

1
Q

How much toothpaste do you use for a child under 3 years old?

A

Smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much toothpaste do you use for a child 3 years old and over?

A

Pea size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is caries driven by?

A

Biofilm on surface of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 zones of enamel caries?

A

Surface zone, body of lesion, dark zone and translucent zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What sort of disease is caries?

A

Socioeconomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the impacts of caries for children?

A

Pain, time off school, difficulty brushing teeth, difficulty eating, loss of sleep, interference with social activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what percentage of UK children have dental sepsis?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do we need to diagnose accurately?

A

To make correct restorative decisions and initiate prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can you detect and diagnose caries?

A 
Visual examination
Radiographs
FOTI
TTS
Laser fluorescence 
Magnification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Under what conditions would you look at enamel and dentine caries?

A

Enamel - dry

dentine - wet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do we no longer use probing as the main method of detection of caries?

A

Probing can break surface of tooth and lead to more bacteria entering - plaque trap
The probe transfers cariogenic bacteria between different teeth
probing does not mean a better or more accurate diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does ICDAS code 0, code 1, code 2, code 3, code 4, code 5 and code 6 mean?

A

Code 0 - sound tooth, no evidence of caries after surface drying
Code 1 - first visual change in enamel, white/brown discoloration at entrance to pits/fissures, after drying
Code 2 - distinct enamel change when wet, must also be seen when dry
Code 3 - localised enamel breakdown without dentine involvement, seen when wet and after prolonged drying
Code 4 - underlying dark shadow from dentine
Code 5 - distinct cavity with visible dentine less than half the surface
Code 6 - more than half the surface showing cavity with visible dentine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is included in the risk assessment of caries?

A 
Previous disease
Diet
Social
Use of fluoride / plaque control
Medical history
Saliva
Bacteria
Hunch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 4 things do you need to think about when diagnosing caries?

A

Detection
Risk
Activity
Management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How would you brush an erupting tooth?

A

Sideways brush strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the hall technique?

A

A non-invasive treatment for decayed baby back teeth. Decay is sealed under preformed crowns, avoiding injections and drilling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the critical pH?

A

5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does active and arrested caries tend to look like on the teeth?

A

Active - white spot usually

Arrested - brown spot usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 factors of caries?

A

time, tooth surface, microflora, substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of lesion is not visible on a bitewing radiograph?

A

Enamel lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which tooth surface is difficult to spot a white spot lesion on?

A

Approximal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is best used to detect approximal caries?

A

bitewing radiograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the advantages of using transmitted light to detect caries?

A

Better in patients with posterior crowding as BW will produce overlapping and for pregnant women to avoid unnecessary radiation

24
Q

How does tooth separation help to detect caries?

A

Place separators/matrix bands between contact points - after 2 days feel gently with probe to detect cavity. Elastomer impression material can be used between teeth to record cavity if present

25
Q

How may laser fluorescence methods be inaccurate to detect caries?

A

Readings can be confused by staining and calculus so should be used in conjuction with conventional methods

26
Q

How does laser detect caries?

A

Emits light 655nm

laser light penetrates tooth

light is measured and intensity is an indication of size and depth of lesion

better for occlusal caries

27
Q

What factors indicate high risk of caries?

A

Medical history - disability, sjorgrens

dental history - past caries/restorations

oral hygiene - low frequency of tooth cleaning etc

diet - high sugar

saliva - stimulated and un-stimulated saliva flow is low

social and demographic factors - poverty, education, religion, unemployed

28
Q

How does a white spot lesion occur?

A

Enamel exposed to acids from microbial biofilm, mineral is removed from surface.

inter-crystalline spaces enlarge and become more porous

clinically has white spot appearance

29
Q

What is the response to caries in dentine?

A

Odontoblasts form tertiary dentine at pulp/dentine border - tubular sclerosis

30
Q

Which comes first infected or affected dentine?

A

Infected

31
Q

What are dead tracts?

A

empty dentinal tubules filled with air due to degeneration of OB processes (caries etc)

32
Q

What are transverse clefts?

A

Penetration of bacteria in the dentinal tubules which traverse at right angles to the tubules along the incremental lines of growth

33
Q

What is the defense to dentine caries?

A

Tubular sclerosis
tertiary dentine formation
reduction in permeability of the dentine
removal of bacterial mass and sealing it - allow patient to clean/OH/fluoride can arrest lesions and encourage reparative dentine

34
Q

What are the 3 types of caries management?

A

Non invasive/preventive, minimally invasive, restorative

35
Q

Describe preventive caries management

A 
3 diet diary - assess
extrinsic and intrinsic acids
effective tooth brushing
salivary flow assessment
fluoride exposures - optimal levels
fluorides in gels, varnish, mouthwash, toothpaste etc
DBOH
36
Q

Why should we restore teeth?

A 
Aids plaque control
prevent sensitive teeth
pulp is endangered
failed alternative preventative measures
function has been impaired
loss of contact point and subsequent tooth movement
aesthetic reasons
37
Q

When should surgical intervention for caries only be carried out?

A

Once cavitation has occurred

38
Q

What are the factors associated with compliance?

A 
Disease
Patient
Operator
Treatment
support system
facilities
39
Q

What are the 3 operator variables that exist for compliance factors?

A
  • Explanations
  • Attitude towards the treatment
  • Quality of the therapeutic relationship
40
Q

Why is communication important? (6 points)

A
  • Patient trust
  • Patient involvement in decision making
  • Patient motivation/co-operation
  • Management of patient expectations
  • Patient satisfaction
  • Prevents medico-legal issues/complaint
41
Q

What are the general barriers to communication?

A
  • Social status: class, age, gender, socio-economic group
  • Cultural/ethnic
  • Environment
42
Q

What are the patient barriers to communication?

A
  • Pain
  • Anxiety
  • Embarrassment
  • Cognitive level
  • Jargon
43
Q

What are the dentist barriers to communication?

A
  • Lack of interpersonal skills/training
  • Lack of sensitivity/empathy
  • Lack of active listening
  • Time pressures
44
Q

What are the three models of health care relationship?

A
  • Active/passive
  • Guidance/co-operation
  • Consensus/Action
45
Q

What are the 3 types of motivated patient groups?

A
  • Already motivated; guidance and reinforcement
  • Latent motivation; only need a “trigger”
  • Lacking motivation; difficult
46
Q

What are the 4 pre-requisites for change?

A
  • A problem exists which affects the patient personally
  • There will be an unwanted outcome – loss of teeth
  • There is a practical solution – adequate plaque control
  • The problem is serious enough to justify inconvenience/time/effort
47
Q

What are the strategies for changing motivation? (5 points)

A
  • Education and communication
  • Participation
  • Facilitation and support
  • Negotiation
  • Coercion/Threat
48
Q

How would you approach OHI? (3 points)

A
  • Explain problem, using appropriate resources. (radiographs, mirror, models, charting/indices)
  • Disclose
  • Plaque score
49
Q

What does effective communication improve? (7 points)

A

The quality and amount of information obtained from the patient
increased accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis
The likelihood of patient adherence to recommendations and treatment
Health outcomes for patients
Patient’s anxiety levels
Satisfaction for both patient and dentist
Levels of patient complaints and litigation
Patient referrals

50
Q

What are the goals of communication in dentistry? (4 points)

A 
To increase;
Accuracy
Efficiency
Supportiveness
To enhance patient and dentist’s satisfaction
To improve health outcomes
To promote collaboration and partnership
51
Q

What type of approach is the Calgary-Cambridge framework? - Silverman J, Kurtz S & Draper J. (2005). Skills for communicating with patients (2nd Ed.).

A

Patient-centred

52
Q

What is a patient centred approach?

A

Dentist tries to enter the patient’s world to see the [illness/symptoms/condition] through the patient’s eyes

53
Q

What are the 5 stages of a consultation?

A 
Initiating the session
Gathering information
Physical examination
Explanation and planning
Closing the session
54
Q

What are the 7 steps in initiating the session?

A

Establishing initial rapport

  1. Greet patient and obtain name
  2. Introduce yourself and clarify role
  3. Demonstrates respect and interest

Identifying reasons for appointment

  1. Identifies the patient’s problem/issue with appropriate opening question e.g. why are you here today?
  2. Listens attentively to opening statement without interrupting or directing conversation
  3. Confirms list and screens for further problems
  4. Negotiates agenda taking patient’s needs into account
55
Q

What is attentive listening?

A

the process by which an individual listens to and,
at the same time, attempts to interpret and summarise
what the speaker is saying

Wait time
Facilitative response
‘Occasional smile, nod, praise, eye-contact
‘uh-huh’, ‘go on’, ‘I see’
Non-verbal skills
Picking up patient’s verbal and non-verbal cues

MDENT110 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions