PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION Flashcards
What is prevention?
Prevention is considered avoiding a problem
What is prevention? •Action that reduces incidence of disease, illness or disability •Proactive approach to health •Promotion of wellness •Healthy lifestyles and environments
What is health promotion?
promotion means advancing wellness.
What is health promotion?
•“Health is state of complete physical, mental and social well-being …” (WHO)
•Promoting health through engagement in meaningful occupations
•Programs and activities that enhance health and foster wellness
•Educational, rather than clinical approach
•Transform the concept of wellness into action
•Wellness is a goal AND a process
Prevention Principles: Traditional Terminology
Prevention Principles: Traditional Terminology
Primary Prevention
•Before onset of problem
•Avoid dysfunction
•“At risk” population
Secondary Prevention
•Early diagnosis and intervention
•Prevent permanent disability
Tertiary Prevention
•Rehabilitation and remediation
•Prevent further disability
Primary Prevention
Primary Prevention
•Before onset of problem
•Avoid dysfunction
•“At risk” population
Group / community focus
Example: water aerobics at senior center
Secondary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
•Early diagnosis and intervention
•Prevent permanent disability
Community based
May be self-management of chronic or ongoing challenge
Example: cardiac rehab (exercise) or stress management group
Tertiary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
•Rehabilitation and remediation
•Prevent further disability
More traditional medical settings
Example: sub-acute rehab setting for management and functional improvement following a hip fracture.
Approaches to Health
Approaches to Health
Socioenvironmental
•Creating healthy lifestyles, environments, conditions
•Often primary
Behavioral
•Healthy lifestyle choices, health education
•Often secondary, may be primary
Medical
•Preventing illness, disease, disability
•Often tertiary, may be secondary
Principles of Health Promotion
Principles of Health Promotion •Community participation •Empowerment •Respect for diversity •Social justice / occupational justice •Integration of community resources and development
Process of Health Promotion
On-going, continuous, dynamic process
Process of Health Promotion •Networking •Consultation •Collaboration •Planning
For individuals
For individuals… A model of client-centered care…… Assist individuals in •developing self-help skills •developing positive attitudes toward health •seeking knowledge •maintaining positive attitude to health •empowering lifestyle change
How can OT’s do that?
How can OT’s do that? •Education •Evaluation and intervention •Consultation •Community-based interventions
Be true to our professional philosophy and tenets
Consider joining new or different professional “team” – not just health care providers but community leaders
Education may be individuals or groups
Evaluation and intervention should shift from addressing problems (traditional setting) to facilitating health and occupation
Consultation – consider new arenas (ie workplaces rather than health care settings)
Here’s a few concrete ideas
Healthy Aging
Workplace Health Promotion
Kids and Schools
Public health focus
Healthy Aging
Exercise programs in senior center
•Lifestyle Redesign (USC Well-Elderly Study)
•Supporting IADL skills and community involvement
•Fall prevention
•Support or “survivor” groups
Workplace Health Promotion
Workplace Health Promotion •Ergonomic consultation •Workstation re-design •Job analysis •Workplace health and exercise programs
Kids and Schools
Kids and Schools •School health curriculum involvement •After school activities •Nutrition and cooking (developmental focus) •Ergonomics
Public health focus:
Public health focus:
•Create “occupationally just” environments
•Advocate for healthy occupations supported by public policy
•Inform public about the relationship between occupation and health
•Develop programs outside traditional health care arena
•Considers the socioeconomic and cultural influence on health
•TU and Cherry Hill (Health), PALS program
How can I do that?
How can I do that?
•Join professional organizations
•Know your legislators and their public health positions
•Get involved with community organizations
•Be a guest speaker
•Stand up for healthy occupations!
•Continue to seek education (OS)
SOCIOENVIRONMENTAL
Approaches to Health
Health linked to environment
Consider social factors, friends, family interactions as contributors to healthy lifestyles
Risk factors – poverty, unemployment, limited education, isolation , stress
May depend on equitable social distribution of resources
Think about play for kids – what neighborhoods have playgrounds?
Creating healthy lifestyles, environments, conditions
Often primary
BEHAVIORAL
Approaches to Health
Lifestyle choices and behaviors of INDIVIDUALS
At risk behaviors may include smoking, substance abuse, poor fitness, stress
Consider stress management, coping skills, body mechanics training, etc.
Healthy lifestyle choices, health education
Often secondary, may be primary
MEDICAL
Approaches to Health
Related to disease, illness
Preventing illness, disease, disability
Often tertiary, may be secondary
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Principles of Health Promotion
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Involve community members at all levels of participatory process
Members of community should determine their needs and contribute to strategy development
EMPOWERMENT
Principles of Health Promotion
EMPOWERMENT
People in community should have ownership of programs and solutions
DIVERSITY
Principles of Health Promotion
DIVERSITY
Respect for all stakeholders in community who may be marginalized
JUSTICE
Principles of Health Promotion
JUSTICE
Consider social policies related to poverty, education, discrimination
Consider equal access to community resources
Occupational justice = opportunities for each individual to engage in meaningful occupations
Social justice = opportunities / resources for populations and groups equally distributed (or at least equal access)
