PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION Flashcards
What is prevention?
Prevention is considered avoiding a problem
What is prevention? •Action that reduces incidence of disease, illness or disability •Proactive approach to health •Promotion of wellness •Healthy lifestyles and environments
What is health promotion?
promotion means advancing wellness.
What is health promotion?
•“Health is state of complete physical, mental and social well-being …” (WHO)
•Promoting health through engagement in meaningful occupations
•Programs and activities that enhance health and foster wellness
•Educational, rather than clinical approach
•Transform the concept of wellness into action
•Wellness is a goal AND a process
Prevention Principles: Traditional Terminology
Prevention Principles: Traditional Terminology
Primary Prevention
•Before onset of problem
•Avoid dysfunction
•“At risk” population
Secondary Prevention
•Early diagnosis and intervention
•Prevent permanent disability
Tertiary Prevention
•Rehabilitation and remediation
•Prevent further disability
Primary Prevention
Primary Prevention
•Before onset of problem
•Avoid dysfunction
•“At risk” population
Group / community focus
Example: water aerobics at senior center
Secondary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
•Early diagnosis and intervention
•Prevent permanent disability
Community based
May be self-management of chronic or ongoing challenge
Example: cardiac rehab (exercise) or stress management group
Tertiary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
•Rehabilitation and remediation
•Prevent further disability
More traditional medical settings
Example: sub-acute rehab setting for management and functional improvement following a hip fracture.
Approaches to Health
Approaches to Health
Socioenvironmental
•Creating healthy lifestyles, environments, conditions
•Often primary
Behavioral
•Healthy lifestyle choices, health education
•Often secondary, may be primary
Medical
•Preventing illness, disease, disability
•Often tertiary, may be secondary
Principles of Health Promotion
Principles of Health Promotion •Community participation •Empowerment •Respect for diversity •Social justice / occupational justice •Integration of community resources and development
Process of Health Promotion
On-going, continuous, dynamic process
Process of Health Promotion •Networking •Consultation •Collaboration •Planning
For individuals
For individuals… A model of client-centered care…… Assist individuals in •developing self-help skills •developing positive attitudes toward health •seeking knowledge •maintaining positive attitude to health •empowering lifestyle change
How can OT’s do that?
How can OT’s do that? •Education •Evaluation and intervention •Consultation •Community-based interventions
Be true to our professional philosophy and tenets
Consider joining new or different professional “team” – not just health care providers but community leaders
Education may be individuals or groups
Evaluation and intervention should shift from addressing problems (traditional setting) to facilitating health and occupation
Consultation – consider new arenas (ie workplaces rather than health care settings)
Here’s a few concrete ideas
Healthy Aging
Workplace Health Promotion
Kids and Schools
Public health focus
Healthy Aging
Exercise programs in senior center
•Lifestyle Redesign (USC Well-Elderly Study)
•Supporting IADL skills and community involvement
•Fall prevention
•Support or “survivor” groups
Workplace Health Promotion
Workplace Health Promotion •Ergonomic consultation •Workstation re-design •Job analysis •Workplace health and exercise programs
Kids and Schools
Kids and Schools •School health curriculum involvement •After school activities •Nutrition and cooking (developmental focus) •Ergonomics
