Prevention/advice

Question 1

What are dental caries

Answer 1

A disease of the dental hard tissues caused by the action of microorganisms, found in plaque, on fermentable carbohydrates

Question 2

How are caries distributed

Answer 2

Strongly related to poverty

Question 3

What are the risk indicators for caries in children

Answer 3

Oral hygiene​

Diet​

Bacterial exposure​

Socioeconomic status​

Breast/bottle feeding​

Fluoride exposure​

Parental smoking​

Parental oral health status

Question 4

Where do nursing caries usually affect

Answer 4

Upper anterior and molar teeth

Question 5

How can we prevent caries

Answer 5

Altering diet
Increasing fluoride use
Improving oral hygeine

Question 6

Is there benefit to the child taking fluoride during preganancy

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What instructions can be given to parents with young/new children in respect to diet

Answer 7

Use of a feeding cup rather than a bottle should be recommended from 6 months (free-flow spout).​

Drinks containing free sugars should never be put in a feeder bottle.​

Children should not be put to bed with a feeder bottle or cup.​

Soya milk formula is potentially cariogenic and should only be used when medically indicated.​

Question 8

What are the recommendations for consumption of sweetened drinks

Answer 8

-mealtimes only

-dilute as much as possible

-take through a straw which should be held at the back of the mouth

Question 9

What are the safe drinks to have between meals

Answer 9

Plain water or milk

Question 10

What are some safe snacks

Answer 10

Milk/water.​

Fruit.​

Savoury sandwiches.​

Crackers and cheese.​

Bread sticks.

Question 11

Where in scotland has fluoridated water

Answer 11

Nowhere

Question 12

At what age have children developed the dexterity to brush their own teeth effectively

Answer 12

Age 8

Question 13

What us the standard fluoride composition of toothpastes in scotland

Answer 13

1400-1500ppm

Question 14

What is the recommended fluoride comp for 4-16 yr olds

Answer 14

1000-1500

Question 15

What fluoride toothpaste should high risk kids under 10 use

Answer 15

1500ppm

Question 16

What fluoride comp toothpaste should high risk kids over 10 use

Answer 16

2800ppm

Question 17

If you are over 16 and high risk for caries what fluoride composition toothpaste should you use

Answer 17

5000ppm (perscription only)

Question 18

How much toothpaste would a 2,4 and 6 year old need to ingest to have ingested a toxic dose

Answer 18

2 yr old - 60% tube
4 yr old - 75% tube
6 yr old - 100% tube

Question 19

How can you manage fluoride toxicity

Answer 19

<5mg/kg Give calcium orally (milk) and observe for a few hours.​

​

5-15mg/kg Give calcium orally (milk, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate) and admit to hospital.​

​

> 15mg/kg Admit to hospital immediately, cardiac monitoring and life support, intravenous calcium gluconate.​

Question 20

What dose of fluoride tablets can be perscribed to 6m-3y, 3y-6y, 6y+

Answer 20

6m-3y 0.25 mg/d​

3y-6y 0.5mg/d​

6y+ 1mg/d

Question 21

Who can use fluoride mouthrinse

Answer 21

Not recommended for children under the age of 6

Even over 6 need to assess the child’s ability to properly expectorate

Question 22

What are the timelines or application of fluoride varnishes

Answer 22

Can be applied every four to six months

Question 23

What is health education

Answer 23

Is a process that results in individuals or groups having increased knowledge related to health.

Question 24

When should radiographs be taken to check for caries

Answer 24

Bitewings every 6 months for high risk children.​

Every 12-18 months for low risk.​

Miss 60% of interproximal caries if do not take bitewings.

Question 25

What is fluorosis

Answer 25

Enamel defect on surface or subsurface of teeth caused by too much fluoride when teeth are developing