Prev-med Halo-halo 2 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Remark/s on HIV testing

Answer

A

15-18 y/o, no concent from paretns
<15 y/o who is pregnant or engaged in high-risk behavior, no parental consent needed, with assistance of licensed social worker or health worker

Question 2

Q

When is parental consent necessary in HIV testing?

Answer

A

<15 y/o or is mentally inapacitated

Question 3

Q

Remark’s on death with communicable disease

Answer

A

Must be buried within 12 hours unless local health officer permits otherwise
Disinterment is permitted only after 5 years of burial (normally 3 years)

Question 4

Q

The [regular] body must be buried within ______ after death, except:

Answer

A

48 hours
When it is still a subject matter of legal investigation
When it is specifically authorized by local health authorities
Impliedly when the body is embalmed

Question 5

Q

Remark/s on Aedes albopictus

Answer

A

Asian tiger mosquito
Dark mosquito with a white dorsal stripe and banded legs
Bite times: early morning, late afternoon
“Rapid bite”
Live OUTDOORS

In contrast to A. aegypti, which cannot overwinter in northern states, A. albopictus can overwinter farther north, increasing the risk of epidemic dengue in the United States. (Jawetz)

Question 6

Q

Remark/s on Aedes aegypti

Answer

A

Principal vector of dengue (Jawetz)
Dark mosquito with white lyre shaped markings and banded legs
Most active 2 hours after sunrise, several hours before sunset
Only females bite to obain blood in order to lay eggs
Live indoors AND outdoors

Question 7

Q

Remark/s on Aedes life cycle

Answer

A

Egg to adult: as little as 7-10 days (CDC)
Eggs -> larva -> pupa -> adult mosquito
Life span: 3 weeks

Question 8

Q

“Most reliable evidence of an active dengue infection”

Answer

A

Analysis of paired acute and convalescent sera to show a significant rise in antibody titer

Question 9

Q

Statistics on dengue

Answer

A

The risk of the hemorrhagic fever syndrome is about 0.2% during the first dengue infection but is at least 10-fold higher during infection with a second dengue virus serotype.

The fatality rate with dengue hemorrhagic fever can reach 15% but can be reduced to less than 1% with proper treatment.

Question 10

Q

Firstline for confirmed uncmplicaated and sevee Plasmodiu falciparum malaria

Answer

A

Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) combination

*replaceing CQ+SP combination

Question 11

Q

What if AL is not available?

Answer

A

Quinine (QN) in combination with tetracycline or doxycyline or clindamycine (QN + T/D/C) for 7 days

Question 12

Q

Major insecticides used routinely for bed net treatment

Answer

A

Pyrethroids

Question 13

Q

Recommended propylaxis for malaria

Answer

A

Atovaquone-proguanil
Doxycyline
Mefloquine (weekly)
^pregnant, for travel to areas with chloroquine-resistant malaria

Question 14

Q

Remark/s on SEPTIC TANK

Answer

A

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS:

rectangular
first compartment shall have the capacity from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total volume of the tank
shall be built of CONCRETE. Brick, concrete blocks, or adobe may be used
shall not be constructed under any building and within 25 METERS from any source of water supply

Question 15

Q

What is GBS

Answer

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Question 16

Q

Remarks on GBS

Answer

A

ASCENDING PARALYSIS (symmetric [statpearls])
AREFLEXIA
Sensory involvement, including loss of pain sensation
Albuminocytologic dissociation
Clinical nadir in < 4weeks (Nelson)
60% of children lose the ability to walk at some point in their illness
Has variants: Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), AMAN (acute motor axonal neuropathy)

Question 17

Q

Associated agents with GBS

Answer

A

Campylobacter jejunni
H pylori (Nelson)
CMV
EBV
Zika (Nelson)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Prior vaccination (rabies, influenza, conjgated meningococcal vaccine)

Question 18

Q

Remarks on Miller-Fisher syndrome

Answer

A

Acute external ophthalmoplegia
Ataxia
Areflexia
CN6 is most often involved

Question 19

Q