PreTest Pediatrics: "The Newborn Infant" Flashcards
What test should you do in a case of bloody meconium?
The Apt-Downey test can distinguish maternal from fetal hemoglobin and can tell you if the blood is from mom (placental abruption) or baby (GI bleed).
One of these is not safe in breastfeeding: •Carbamazepine •Amphetamines •Ibuprofen Which is it?
Amphetamines
Babies of diabetic mothers are at increased risk of hypoglycemia and hypo-__________.
calcemia
Diabetic mothers make less PTH.
List three treatment recommendations for NEC.
- Nasogastric decompression
- Fluid resuscitation
- Serial abdominal films (to evaluate for perforation)
Small-for-dates infants are at higher risk of ______________.
congenital anomalies
If the screening test for galactosemia comes back positive, you should ______________.
have the parents switch to soy-based formula immediately (until further testing confirms or denies the condition)
Describe a subgaleal hematoma versus a cephalohematoma.
- Subgaleal hematomas are bleeds between the periosteum and the skin fascia. These are revealed by rapidly growing swellings that cross midline. They can be deadly due to large bleeds.
- Cephalohematomas are bleeds within the periosteum that do not cross midline and are benign.
Describe neonatal hyperviscosity syndrome.
Pregnant women who develop toxic syndromes in the third trimester (such as uteroplacental insufficiency) can have children with polycythemia because they are hypoxic. This leads to neurologic deficits –because of “sludgy” blood –and tremulousness due to hypoglycemia, itself a complication of polycythemia.
Being post dates is a risk factor for _____________.
meconium aspiration
What is chemical conjunctivitis?
Some places still use silver nitrate for prophylaxis against bacterial conjunctivitis (it’s an old treatment), and it can cause conjunctivitis for the first day of life.
You see a neonate with purulent ocular discharge. How might you know whether it is gonococcal or chlamydial?
The timing! Gonococcal conjunctivitis presents within 5 days, while chlamydial conjunctivitis presents after one week.
Why would you not do an ELISA to diagnose HIV in a neonate from an HIV-positive mother?
ELISA tests for antibodies, which the mother will pass to her newborn.
Neonate of an HIV-positive mother? Give ___________.
zidovudine
What is a sign of Turner’s at birth that you for sure did not learn for Step 1?
Edema over the dorsum of the hands or feet.
Mongolian spots tend to disappear by _____________.
1 to 2 years of age
Describe the most common type of esophageal atresia.
Esophagus stops at the oral end and connects to the trachea at the gastric end.
What negative effect do beta-blockers have on neonates?
The ones that cross the placenta (all except labetalol) decrease the ability of the neonate to increase cardiac output (a big problem for any infant with respiratory compromise).
Physiologic jaundice should not exceed ____________.
bilirubin of 12
Kernicterus is rare in infants with bilirubins less than _______________.
20
Jaundice appearing within the first day of life is usually related to _______________.
hemolytic illness
Why is goat’s milk not recommended for young children?
It is low in folate and iron.
Recurrent OM and hearing loss are complications of ______________.
cleft palate
What is the treatment recommendation for transient tachypnea of the newborn?
Supportive therapy (maintenance of O2 levels)
Apnea in a ____________ should warrant further investigation; congenital heart disease, RSV, GERD, and seizures are all potential causes.
term infant
Idiopathic apnea is common in premature infants.
