Pretest #3 Questions and Answers

Question 1

The part of the retina with the most densely packed photoreceptors is the _________ and the part of the retina with no photoreceptors is the ________________.

Answer 1

fovea; blind spot

Question 2

Consider a strand of miniature lights, with 100 bulbs of equal brightness. If 5 of those bulbs suddenly burn out and turn off, an observer will notice the overall change in brightness. However, if those lights are attached to four other fully lit strands, a total of 500 bulbs, when 5 lights burn out, an observer will not notice (although he or she will if many more lights burn out). What important psychophysics principle does this example illustrate?

Answer 2

Weber’s law

Question 3

When you view an open door and perceive the door as rectangular, even though the retinal image of that door is trapezoidal, you are experiencing

Answer 3

shape constancy

Question 4

Young-Helmholtz theory pertains to perception of what property?

Answer 4

color

Question 5

A child was born with a condition called strabismus, in which the two eyes are misaligned (e.g., cross-eyed). If this is not corrected in childhood, the lack of correspondence between the images on each retina is most likely to permanently affect

Answer 5

depth perception

Question 6

In a study referred to as the “Little Albert” experiment, a child (presumably Albert) was given a white rat to play with, and then, the experimenter played a loud noise that scared the child. After several repetitions of this procedure, the child was afraid not only of the white rat, but also of other white objects and other furry objects. This is a famous early example of

Answer 6

generalization

Question 7

Any activity in a reinforcement hierarchy is reinforced by an activity above it in the hierarchy and may reinforce any activity below it. This principle was developed by (and named for)

Answer 7

Premack

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a negative reinforce?

Answer 8

telling a child that his or her chores do not have to be done that day

Question 9

A casino manager programs the slot machines so that they each pay out a large amount of money twenty times per day, apparently randomly, and regardless of how many times someone plays the machine. Someone who gets hooked on playing a machine at this casino is being reinforced on what schedule?

Answer 9

variable interval

Question 10

When Oscar throws a toy at his sister, his mother takes that toy away from Oscar for one hour. By doing this, she hopes he will stop throwing. In learning theory terms, Oscar’s mother is applying

Answer 10

Negative Punishment