Preterm Birth and PMF Flashcards

1
Q

premature birth

A

birth at or before 37 weeks’ gestation

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2
Q

preterm birth complications are the leading cause of

A

death among children under 5 years of age, responsible for approximately 1 million deaths in 2018

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3
Q

incidence of preterm births

A

occurs in about 11% of all pregnancies worldwide

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4
Q

preterm birth risk factors

A

advance maternal age
reproductive assistive tech
multiples gestation
infections
maternal diabetes
maternal high blood pressure
genetic conditions
maternal illicit drug use

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5
Q

late preterm

A

34-37 weeks

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6
Q

moderate preterm

A

32-33 weeks

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7
Q

very preterm

A

28-32 weeks

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8
Q

extremely preterm

A

<28 weeks
girls have better outcomes than boys

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9
Q

infants who survive extremely preterm

A

intraventricular hemorrhage
necrotizing enterocolitis
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
severe visual impairment
hearing impairment
cerebral palsy
cognitive developmental delay

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10
Q

associated features later in development

A

behavior problems, ADHD, anxiety
neurological disorders like cerebral palsy
autism
asthma
intestinal problems
vision and hearing problems
dental problems

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11
Q

birth defects

A

spina bifida
cleft lip
congenital heart disease

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12
Q

spina bifida

A

incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes around the spinal cords

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13
Q

spina bifida risk factors

A

folate deficiency
neural tube defects
medications (antiseizure)
diabetes
obesity

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14
Q

spina bifida atypical development

A

mobility problems
orthopedic complications
bladder problems
fluid in the brain
breathing/swallowing
meningitis
tethered spinal cord
sleep disordered breathing
skin problems

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15
Q

cleft lip and cleft palate

A

most common types of birth defects
unknown case
risk: smoking
diabetes
medications
1 in 700 births
surgery for treatment

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16
Q

omphalocele

A

an infants intestine or other abdominal organs are outside of the body because of a hole in the belly button
develop outside the body then return inside

17
Q

gastroschisis

A

the baby’s intestines are found outside of the babys body exiting through a hole beside the bell button
intestines not covered, can twist and swell

18
Q

tracheoesophageal fistula

A

condition impacting the connection between the windpipe and esophagus

19
Q

types of infection

A

bacterial
viral
fungal

20
Q

bacterial meningitis

A

an inflammation of the membrane surrounding your brain and spinal cord

hearing loss
memory
learning disabilities
kidney
brain damage
death

21
Q

sepsis

A

occurs when chemicals released in the bloodstream to fight an infection trigger inflammation through the body
can cause a cascade of changes that damage multiple organ systems leading them to fail sometimes even resulting in death

22
Q

sepsis symptoms

A

fever, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, fast heart rate, mental confusion

23
Q

neonatal sepsis

A
  1. respiratory infection spreads from chest into body
  2. infection enters and surrounds spinal cord
  3. infection spreads to brain and become fatal
24
Q

infections viral

A

encephalitis and meningitis caused by enteroviruses and the herpes viruses
hepatitis C
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

25
Q

respiratory syncytial virus

A

a common and very contagious virus that infects the respiratory tract of most children before their second birthday

26
Q

perinatal asphyxia

A

deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain

27
Q

hypoxic damage can occur to most of the infants organs but

A

brain damage is of most concern and perhaps the least likely to quickly or completely heal

28
Q

kidney diseases

A

jaundice and kernicterus
60%
risk: preterm birth, darker skin, feeding difficulties, bruising, siblings with it

29
Q

preterm and SGA infants are best managed and cared for in

A

high-risk obstetrical centers with neonatal intensive care units

30
Q

early intervention programs benefit neurodevelopment of most premature infants through

A

3-5 years

31
Q

intervention strategy includes group meetings for parents, home visits, and

A

attendance at a multidisciplinary child development center

32
Q

neurodevelopmental outcomes

A

school age children born very preterm are at greater risk of developing executive function deficits