Preterm Birth and PMF Flashcards
premature birth
birth at or before 37 weeks’ gestation
preterm birth complications are the leading cause of
death among children under 5 years of age, responsible for approximately 1 million deaths in 2018
incidence of preterm births
occurs in about 11% of all pregnancies worldwide
preterm birth risk factors
advance maternal age
reproductive assistive tech
multiples gestation
infections
maternal diabetes
maternal high blood pressure
genetic conditions
maternal illicit drug use
late preterm
34-37 weeks
moderate preterm
32-33 weeks
very preterm
28-32 weeks
extremely preterm
<28 weeks
girls have better outcomes than boys
infants who survive extremely preterm
intraventricular hemorrhage
necrotizing enterocolitis
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
severe visual impairment
hearing impairment
cerebral palsy
cognitive developmental delay
associated features later in development
behavior problems, ADHD, anxiety
neurological disorders like cerebral palsy
autism
asthma
intestinal problems
vision and hearing problems
dental problems
birth defects
spina bifida
cleft lip
congenital heart disease
spina bifida
incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes around the spinal cords
spina bifida risk factors
folate deficiency
neural tube defects
medications (antiseizure)
diabetes
obesity
spina bifida atypical development
mobility problems
orthopedic complications
bladder problems
fluid in the brain
breathing/swallowing
meningitis
tethered spinal cord
sleep disordered breathing
skin problems
cleft lip and cleft palate
most common types of birth defects
unknown case
risk: smoking
diabetes
medications
1 in 700 births
surgery for treatment
omphalocele
an infants intestine or other abdominal organs are outside of the body because of a hole in the belly button
develop outside the body then return inside
gastroschisis
the baby’s intestines are found outside of the babys body exiting through a hole beside the bell button
intestines not covered, can twist and swell
tracheoesophageal fistula
condition impacting the connection between the windpipe and esophagus
types of infection
bacterial
viral
fungal
bacterial meningitis
an inflammation of the membrane surrounding your brain and spinal cord
hearing loss
memory
learning disabilities
kidney
brain damage
death
sepsis
occurs when chemicals released in the bloodstream to fight an infection trigger inflammation through the body
can cause a cascade of changes that damage multiple organ systems leading them to fail sometimes even resulting in death
sepsis symptoms
fever, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, fast heart rate, mental confusion
neonatal sepsis
- respiratory infection spreads from chest into body
- infection enters and surrounds spinal cord
- infection spreads to brain and become fatal
infections viral
encephalitis and meningitis caused by enteroviruses and the herpes viruses
hepatitis C
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
