Preterm Birth and PMF

Question 1

premature birth

Answer 1

birth at or before 37 weeks’ gestation

Question 2

preterm birth complications are the leading cause of

Answer 2

death among children under 5 years of age, responsible for approximately 1 million deaths in 2018

Question 3

incidence of preterm births

Answer 3

occurs in about 11% of all pregnancies worldwide

Question 4

preterm birth risk factors

Answer 4

advance maternal age
reproductive assistive tech
multiples gestation
infections
maternal diabetes
maternal high blood pressure
genetic conditions
maternal illicit drug use

Question 5

late preterm

Answer 5

34-37 weeks

Question 6

moderate preterm

Answer 6

32-33 weeks

Question 7

very preterm

Answer 7

28-32 weeks

Question 8

extremely preterm

Answer 8

<28 weeks
girls have better outcomes than boys

Question 9

infants who survive extremely preterm

Answer 9

intraventricular hemorrhage
necrotizing enterocolitis
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
severe visual impairment
hearing impairment
cerebral palsy
cognitive developmental delay

Question 10

associated features later in development

Answer 10

behavior problems, ADHD, anxiety
neurological disorders like cerebral palsy
autism
asthma
intestinal problems
vision and hearing problems
dental problems

Question 11

birth defects

Answer 11

spina bifida
cleft lip
congenital heart disease

Question 12

spina bifida

Answer 12

incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes around the spinal cords

Question 13

spina bifida risk factors

Answer 13

folate deficiency
neural tube defects
medications (antiseizure)
diabetes
obesity

Question 14

spina bifida atypical development

Answer 14

mobility problems
orthopedic complications
bladder problems
fluid in the brain
breathing/swallowing
meningitis
tethered spinal cord
sleep disordered breathing
skin problems

Question 15

cleft lip and cleft palate

Answer 15

most common types of birth defects
unknown case
risk: smoking
diabetes
medications
1 in 700 births
surgery for treatment

Question 16

omphalocele

Answer 16

an infants intestine or other abdominal organs are outside of the body because of a hole in the belly button
develop outside the body then return inside

Question 17

gastroschisis

Answer 17

the baby’s intestines are found outside of the babys body exiting through a hole beside the bell button
intestines not covered, can twist and swell

Question 18

tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 18

condition impacting the connection between the windpipe and esophagus

Question 19

types of infection

Answer 19

bacterial
viral
fungal

Question 20

bacterial meningitis

Answer 20

an inflammation of the membrane surrounding your brain and spinal cord

hearing loss
memory
learning disabilities
kidney
brain damage
death

Question 21

sepsis

Answer 21

occurs when chemicals released in the bloodstream to fight an infection trigger inflammation through the body
can cause a cascade of changes that damage multiple organ systems leading them to fail sometimes even resulting in death

Question 22

sepsis symptoms

Answer 22

fever, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, fast heart rate, mental confusion

Question 23

neonatal sepsis

Answer 23

1. respiratory infection spreads from chest into body
2. infection enters and surrounds spinal cord
3. infection spreads to brain and become fatal

Question 24

infections viral

Answer 24

encephalitis and meningitis caused by enteroviruses and the herpes viruses
hepatitis C
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 25

respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 25

a common and very contagious virus that infects the respiratory tract of most children before their second birthday

Question 26

perinatal asphyxia

Answer 26

deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain

Question 27

hypoxic damage can occur to most of the infants organs but

Answer 27

brain damage is of most concern and perhaps the least likely to quickly or completely heal

Question 28

kidney diseases

Answer 28

jaundice and kernicterus
60%
risk: preterm birth, darker skin, feeding difficulties, bruising, siblings with it

Question 29

preterm and SGA infants are best managed and cared for in

Answer 29

high-risk obstetrical centers with neonatal intensive care units

Question 30

early intervention programs benefit neurodevelopment of most premature infants through

Answer 30

3-5 years

Question 31

intervention strategy includes group meetings for parents, home visits, and

Answer 31

attendance at a multidisciplinary child development center

Question 32

neurodevelopmental outcomes

Answer 32

school age children born very preterm are at greater risk of developing executive function deficits