Chronic illness and childhood cancer

Question 1

concept of death 0-4 years

Answer 1

developing understanding of the permanence of death
most do not understand that they can die

Question 2

concept of death 5-11 years

Answer 2

children learn through experience and exposure about the permanence of death

children learn about their own risk of death

children understand death as a personal event but do not understand the larger impact it may have on their family

Question 3

concept of death 12 years or older

Answer 3

for children with typical cognitive development adults like models of death are generally present by 12 years

Question 4

sickle cell disease

Answer 4

autosomal recessive disorder resulting in the production of an abnormal hemoglobin
crescent shaped cells

Question 5

a child gets sickle cell disease when he or she receives

Answer 5

two sickle cell genes - one from each parents

Question 6

overt stroke

Answer 6

localized neurologic deficit
occlusion of cerebral vessel

Question 7

silent stroke

Answer 7

evidence of tissue damage on MRI
no robust neurologic deficit
mild cognitive impairment can build over time

Question 8

in someone with SCD red blood cells die early and not enough are left to carry oxygen throughout the body causing

Answer 8

anemia

Question 9

blood transfusions are used to treat

Answer 9

severe anemia

Question 10

a person with SCD can live a long and high quality life

Answer 10

regular check ups
follow treatments
prevent infections
practice healthy habits

Question 11

SDC can be cured for certain patients

Answer 11

bone marrow transplant

Question 12

congenital heart disease

Answer 12

1/4 children with CHD have critical congenital heart disease which can cause death or requires intervention in the newborn period and includes

Question 13

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 13

large ventricular septal defect which is a hole between the two ventricles or pumping chambers in the heart

Question 14

pulmonary stenosis

Answer 14

narrowing beneath or in the blood vessel leading to the lungs

Question 15

d-transposition of the great arteries

Answer 15

heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched from their normal positions in the normal heart, the right ventricle pumps out to the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle pumps out to the aorta

Question 16

coarctation of the aorta

Answer 16

a narrowing of the aorta, the large blood vessel that branches off your heart and delivers oxygen-rich blood to your blood

Question 17

tricuspid atresia

Answer 17

heart defect present at birth in which a value between two of the heart chambers isnt formed

Question 18

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Answer 18

a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart

Question 19

CHD detection

Answer 19

prenatal fetal echocardiogram and in newborn period pulse oximetry identify most children with CHD

Question 20

CHD treatment

Answer 20

fetal cardiac intervention
surgical procedures

Question 21

chronic kidney disease

Answer 21

subtle decrease in function
greater than 3 months

Question 22

acute kidney injury

Answer 22

decrease in function
less than 3 months

Question 23

progression

Answer 23

kidney no longer able to balance electrolytes, filter waste from blood, and regulate blood pressure

Question 24

stages 1 and 2

Answer 24

generally asymptomatic until renal function deteriorates

Question 25

polyuria

Answer 25

excessive passage of urine

Question 26

oliguria

Answer 26

decreased passage of urine

Question 27

anuria

Answer 27

absence of urine

Question 28

edema

Answer 28

abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues

Question 29

hypertension

Answer 29

elevated blood pressure

Question 30

hematuria

Answer 30

blood in urine

Question 31

proteinuria

Answer 31

protein in urine

Question 32

symptoms of severe renal impairment

Answer 32

anorexia, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, deficits in neurocognitive function

Question 33

from birth to age 4

Answer 33

birth defects and hereditary disease are the leading causes of kidney failure

Question 34

between ages 5 and 14

Answer 34

kidney failure is most commonly caused by hereditary diseases, nephrotic syndrome, and systemic diseases

Question 35

between ages 15 and 19

Answer 35

disease that affect the glomeruli are the leading cause of kidney failure, and hereditary diseases become less common

Question 36

fetal hydronephrosis

Answer 36

swelling of a babys kidney caused by a buildup of urine

Question 37

renal osteodystrophy

Answer 37

disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are prevalent in chronic kidney disease

Question 38

leukemia

Answer 38

cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream

Question 39

lymphoma

Answer 39

general term for cancers that start in the lymph system (the tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections)

Question 40

hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 40

spreads in an orderly manner from one group of lymph nodes to another

Question 41

non hodgkin lymphomas

Answer 41

includes a large diverse group of cancers of immune system cells