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Neonatology > Pretem Delivery > Flashcards

Pretem Delivery Flashcards

0
Q

RDS pathophysiology

A

Surfactant deficiency>increase surface tension in aveoli>alveolar collapse >impaired ventilation

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1
Q

Main problems in RS in preterms 4

A

RDS
Pneumothorax
Apnoea ,bradycardia,desaturation
Bronchoplum dysplasia

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2
Q

Can it occurred in term babies RDS,

In who

A

Yes in diabetic moms babies

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3
Q

Treatments to prevent RDS

A

Steroids to mom

Surfactant via et tube to baby’s lungs

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4
Q

When will RDS symptoms present

A

Immediately O within 4hrs of birth

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5
Q

What are the RDS sympt

A

Tchypnea >60
Distress features
Cyanosis
Expiratory grunting

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6
Q

X ray findings 3 in RDS

A

Ground glass appearance
Obliterated heart border
Airbronchogram

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7
Q

RDS treatment methods 3

A

Oxygen
Cpap
Artf ventilation

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8
Q

What is Pulmonary interstitial emphysema

A

From over distended alveoli air leaks in to interstium in RDS

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9
Q

How does pneumothorax occur in Preterms

A

Mechn ventilation

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10
Q

How to prevent pneumothorax

A

Use minimum ventilatory pressure adequate

Avoid ventilating against respiration

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11
Q

Why bradycardia in preterms 2

A

Prolonged apnoea

Breathing through closed glottis

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12
Q

Underlying causes for bradycardia in preterms

A 
Sepsis
Hypoxia
HF
hypoglycaemia
Elec imbalances
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13
Q

Treatment method for bradicardia

A 
Stimulate respiration(caffein,physically)
Cpap
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14
Q

PDA symptoms and signs

A

Apnoea
Bradycardia
Increase ox demand
Difficult to wean off ventila

Bounding pulses
Prominent apex
Murmurs

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15
Q

Treatment methods2 in PDA

A

Drug - prostaglandin synthatase inhibitor (ibuprofen ,indomethacin)

Surgical ligation

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16
Q

Why the heat loss is more in preterms 4

A

Increase body surface area
Thin skin cause transdermal heat loss
Less fat poor insulator
Inability to shiver and crawl

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17
Q

Complications of hypothermia 4

A 
Increase metabolic rate cause 
 Hypoxia
 Hypoglycaemia
 Reduce wt gain
 Death
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18
Q

What’s neutral temperature range?

A

The temperature range at which the babies energy consumption is lowest

19
Q

Methods of temp control 4

A

Drying
Covering
Incubators
Heaters

20
Q 
Nutrition methods  and food type for
35-36 wk
Less 
<1.5kg
Extreme preterm o very ill
A

Breast milk sucking
Breast milk via NG
Breast milk with supplementary ca,phosp
Formula via PICC

21
Q

Why iron supplements necessary 3

A

Iron transfer in 3rd trimester
Blood loss
Erythropoietin less action

22
Q

Causes for preterm infections 3

A

Only IgG transfer in 3rd trimester
Maternal infections esp cervical
Nosocomial infections

23
Q

Infections contributes to what2

A

Bronchi plum dysplasia

Periventr leucomalacia

24
Q

Preterm brain injury types2

A

Haemorrages-
Germinal layer
Parenchal
Ventricular

Periventr leucomalacia

25
Q

Risk factors for haemorrage2

A

RDS

pneumothorax

26
Q

Which if these causes cp
Germinal layer bleed
Intra ventricular large bleed
Large parenchymal bleed

A

Last two

27
Q

Complication of a large intra ventricular hge

A

Hydrocephalus

28
Q

Peri ventricular white matter injury happens following what 2

A

Inflammation

Ischemia

29
Q

PVLM uss brain feature

A

Multiple cystic lesions bilaterally around ventricals

30
Q

Complication of PVL

A

CP

31
Q

Pathophysiology of NEC

A

Preterm asphyxia>bowel ischemia >bacteria invasion>infection > necrosis> perforation

32
Q

NEC risk high with which feeding

A

Cows milk

33
Q

Symptoms present when and what4 in NEC

A 
Within first few weeks
Bile stained vomiting
Refusing feeds
Abdo dissension
Fresh blood in stools
34
Q

X ray findings of NEC4

A

Distended bowel loops
Thickens bowel walls
Intramural gas
Gas in portal tract

35
Q

Complications of NEC acute 2and long term 2

A

Severe pain and abdo distention causing shock
Perforation of bowel

Stricture
Malabsorption

36
Q

Management of NEC

A 
NBM
Iv fluids
Broad spect antibiotics
Artificial ventilation 
Ax for perforation
37
Q

ROP Pathophysiology

A

Revival ischemia>affects developing blood vessel as at the vascular and avascular junction>proliferation of blood vessels >retina detachment>fibrosis and blindness

38
Q

Risk factor main for ROP

A

Oxygen toxicity

39
Q

Treatment for rROP

A

Laser tx

40
Q

What’s bronchopulm dysplasia

A

Ox dependency at 36weeks

41
Q

Causes 3 for BPD

A

Artificial ventilation
Ox toxicity
Infection

42
Q

X-ray findings in BPD

A

Diffuse lung opasities with cystic changes

43
Q

Treatment for BPD

A

Prolonged artificial ventilatin >cpap>prolong ox

Steroid shirt courses

44
Q

Complication of BPD3

A 
Recurrent infections(RSV , pertussis )
Pulmoney hypert

Neonatology (4 decks)

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