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Pretem Delivery Flashcards

0
Q

RDS pathophysiology

A

Surfactant deficiency>increase surface tension in aveoli>alveolar collapse >impaired ventilation

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1
Q

Main problems in RS in preterms 4

A

RDS
Pneumothorax
Apnoea ,bradycardia,desaturation
Bronchoplum dysplasia

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2
Q

Can it occurred in term babies RDS,

In who

A

Yes in diabetic moms babies

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3
Q

Treatments to prevent RDS

A

Steroids to mom

Surfactant via et tube to baby’s lungs

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4
Q

When will RDS symptoms present

A

Immediately O within 4hrs of birth

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5
Q

What are the RDS sympt

A

Tchypnea >60
Distress features
Cyanosis
Expiratory grunting

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6
Q

X ray findings 3 in RDS

A

Ground glass appearance
Obliterated heart border
Airbronchogram

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7
Q

RDS treatment methods 3

A

Oxygen
Cpap
Artf ventilation

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8
Q

What is Pulmonary interstitial emphysema

A

From over distended alveoli air leaks in to interstium in RDS

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9
Q

How does pneumothorax occur in Preterms

A

Mechn ventilation

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10
Q

How to prevent pneumothorax

A

Use minimum ventilatory pressure adequate

Avoid ventilating against respiration

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11
Q

Why bradycardia in preterms 2

A

Prolonged apnoea

Breathing through closed glottis

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12
Q

Underlying causes for bradycardia in preterms

A 
Sepsis
Hypoxia
HF
hypoglycaemia
Elec imbalances
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13
Q

Treatment method for bradicardia

A 
Stimulate respiration(caffein,physically)
Cpap
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14
Q

PDA symptoms and signs

A

Apnoea
Bradycardia
Increase ox demand
Difficult to wean off ventila

Bounding pulses
Prominent apex
Murmurs

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15
Q

Treatment methods2 in PDA

A

Drug - prostaglandin synthatase inhibitor (ibuprofen ,indomethacin)

Surgical ligation

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16
Q

Why the heat loss is more in preterms 4

A

Increase body surface area
Thin skin cause transdermal heat loss
Less fat poor insulator
Inability to shiver and crawl

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17
Q

Complications of hypothermia 4

A 
Increase metabolic rate cause 
 Hypoxia
 Hypoglycaemia
 Reduce wt gain
 Death
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18
Q

What’s neutral temperature range?

A

The temperature range at which the babies energy consumption is lowest

19
Q

Methods of temp control 4

A

Drying
Covering
Incubators
Heaters

20
Q 
Nutrition methods  and food type for
35-36 wk
Less 
<1.5kg
Extreme preterm o very ill
A

Breast milk sucking
Breast milk via NG
Breast milk with supplementary ca,phosp
Formula via PICC

21
Q

Why iron supplements necessary 3

A

Iron transfer in 3rd trimester
Blood loss
Erythropoietin less action

22
Q

Causes for preterm infections 3

A

Only IgG transfer in 3rd trimester
Maternal infections esp cervical
Nosocomial infections

23
Q

Infections contributes to what2

A

Bronchi plum dysplasia

Periventr leucomalacia

24
Preterm brain injury types2
Haemorrages- Germinal layer Parenchal Ventricular Periventr leucomalacia
25
Risk factors for haemorrage2
RDS | pneumothorax
26
Which if these causes cp Germinal layer bleed Intra ventricular large bleed Large parenchymal bleed
Last two
27
Complication of a large intra ventricular hge
Hydrocephalus
28
Peri ventricular white matter injury happens following what 2
Inflammation | Ischemia
29
PVLM uss brain feature
Multiple cystic lesions bilaterally around ventricals
30
Complication of PVL
CP
31
Pathophysiology of NEC
Preterm asphyxia>bowel ischemia >bacteria invasion>infection > necrosis> perforation
32
NEC risk high with which feeding
Cows milk
33
Symptoms present when and what4 in NEC
``` Within first few weeks Bile stained vomiting Refusing feeds Abdo dissension Fresh blood in stools ```
34
X ray findings of NEC4
Distended bowel loops Thickens bowel walls Intramural gas Gas in portal tract
35
Complications of NEC acute 2and long term 2
Severe pain and abdo distention causing shock Perforation of bowel Stricture Malabsorption
36
Management of NEC
``` NBM Iv fluids Broad spect antibiotics Artificial ventilation Ax for perforation ```
37
ROP Pathophysiology
Revival ischemia>affects developing blood vessel as at the vascular and avascular junction>proliferation of blood vessels >retina detachment>fibrosis and blindness
38
Risk factor main for ROP
Oxygen toxicity
39
Treatment for rROP
Laser tx
40
What's bronchopulm dysplasia
Ox dependency at 36weeks
41
Causes 3 for BPD
Artificial ventilation Ox toxicity Infection
42
X-ray findings in BPD
Diffuse lung opasities with cystic changes
43
Treatment for BPD
Prolonged artificial ventilatin >cpap>prolong ox | Steroid shirt courses
44
Complication of BPD3
``` Recurrent infections(RSV , pertussis ) Pulmoney hypert ```

Neonatology (4 decks)

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