Pressure Groups

Question 0

A theoretical perspective on PGs which emphasises THAT POWER IS BROADLY though unequally DISPERSED

Answer 0

Pluralism

Question 1

A theoretical perspective on PGs which emphasises that groups are FREE TO FORM AND LOBBY

Answer 1

Pluralism

Question 2

A theoretical perspective that STRESSES THE DIVERSITY of PGs

Answer 2

Pluralism

Question 3

A theoretical perspective that STRESSES Competition between PGs AND THE DISPERSAL OF POLITICAL POWER and influence within the
OPEN AND FRAGMENTED political system allowing all interests to be heard and represented

Answer 3

Pluralism

Question 4

Theorists that argue PG power is not concentrated (not dispersed between groups)

Answer 4

Elite theory

Question 5

Theorists that argue that FINANCIALLY PRIVILEGED groups (eg business and corporate) repressing the WEALTHY and POWERFUL wish to preserve their greater interests

Answer 5

Elite theory

Question 6

Financial groups have greater RESOURCES FOR LOBBYING, ELECTIONEERING & ACCESS

Answer 6

Elite theory

Question 7

Financial groups have a disproportionate influence on policy decisions

Answer 7

Elite theory

Question 8

Financial groups are the power elite

Answer 8

Elite theory

Question 9

Groups that represent single issues and specific causes

Huge growth is recent years

Answer 9

Single issue lobbies

Question 10

Examples on single issue groups

Answer 10

Pro choice & pro life on issue of abortion

NAACP on issues of civil rights

Question 11

Attempt to influence policy decisions by gaining access to LEGISLATORS AND BUREAUCRATS

Answer 11

Lobbying

Question 12

Gaining access to legislators and bureaucrats in order to INITIATE, PASS, AMEND OR DEFEAT LEG

Answer 12

Lobbying

Question 13

Involves professional lobbyists and lobbying firms. WHICH CONTACT GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
TESTIFY AT CONGRESS COMMITTEE HEARINGS

Answer 13

Lobbying

Question 14

Relies on lobbyists for expert advice

Answer 14

Congressional committee hearings

Question 15

Groups with little or no access to government have to resort this ‘outsider strategy’

Answer 15

Direct action

Question 16

Outsider strategies to influence policy making by gaining public and media attention

Answer 16

Direct action

Question 17

Non conventional methods of influencing policy that can be illegal or violent

Answer 17

Direct action

Question 18

What is this an example of?
Actions to close down abortion clinics or non violent demonstrations and forms of civil disobedience eg civil rights movement

Answer 18

Direct action

Question 19

Give examples of countervailing PGs

Answer 19

Pro choice- NARAL PRO CHOICE AMERICA OR PLANNED PARENT HOOD
Pro life- national right to life

Pro gun control - NRA
Anti gun control - hand gun control inc

Question 20

Groups organised around and ADVOCATE for single issues as opposed to multiple issues

Answer 20

Single issue pg

Question 21

What are single issue PGs for these issues:
Environment?
Jewish lobby?

Answer 21

Sierra club

AIPAC focused on pro Israel policy

Question 22

Why/how is the SC USED as an ACCESS POINT TO SOME PGs

Answer 22

On contrast to UK, SC power of Constitutional interpretation and judicial review makes it an important ACCESS POINT.
NAACP and ACLU submit amicus curule briefs
Sponsor litigation in test cases
Try and influence nomination and selection process

Question 23

Groups that support minority, liberal or progressive causes

Answer 23

Dem
NAACP
AFL/CIO

Question 24

Groups supporting business or religion

Answer 24

Republican
US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
NAM national association of manufacturers
FOCUS ON FAMILY pro traditional values