Pressure groups

Question 1

Sectional groups

Answer 1

for own section of society e.g medical - closed membership. interest in single element of society

Question 2

Causal groups

Answer 2

For a particular cause on behalf of others. wide variety of members e.g RSPCA, OXFAM

Question 3

insider/outsider status

Answer 3

insider-close w/ gov

outsider- jas to resort to alt act to press gov

Question 4

m-lobby

Answer 4

insider

meet with pol and civ serv to persuade

Question 5

m-Reports

Answer 5

provide evidence/raise awareness

Question 6

m-evidence at hearings

Answer 6

e.g select committees can exert influence over those in power

Question 7

m-Public demonstrations

Answer 7

marches, rallies

demonstrate the scale of support and gain publicity

Question 8

m-publicity stunts

Answer 8

cheap media coverage

Question 9

m-civil disobedience

Answer 9

usually last choice - can be illegal

Question 10

m-strike

Answer 10

can be unpop for gov- need a deal

Question 11

m-celeb spokesperson

Answer 11

media att, raise profile

Question 12

m-test cases to court

Answer 12

legal expertise, secure rights of member

Question 13

m-digital campaigns

Answer 13

websites, viral

Question 14

motivations

Answer 14

representation
personal beliefs 
participation
material benefits 
need

Question 15

why do they succeed?

Answer 15

• insider status
• wealth-2012 bit bank ass paid to lobby to cut corp tax
• large membership-2015 RSPB=500,000
• organisation-2012 RMT-organised strike for Olympic workers bonuses
• expertise-2016-AA persuades gov for more penalties for phones while driving
• celeb endorsement- 2009-Joanna Lumley w/ Gurkha Justice

Question 16

Why do they fail?

Answer 16

• goalvpolicy-2015-BMA failed against con 7-day NHS
• gov resistance- 2003- stop the war didn’t win
• Countervailing forces-pro smoke FORREST lost to ant smoking ASH
• vs pop opinion- coalition for marriage didn’t stop gay marr
• alienates public- PETA, sometimes strikes