Pressure for change 1812-1832 Flashcards
anti-slavery movement
when was the save trade abolished ?
1807
anti-slavery movement
when was slavery abolished ?
1834
anti-slavery movement
describe the abolition of the slave trade
Ministry of all the talents abolished the slave trade on British Soil. This government was able to pass the such a bill because it consisted on a large number of Whigs, and over 100 Irish mps who were sympathetic to the anti-slavery movement. The Royal Navy was to enforce this and prevent other countries from profiting off of formerly British slaves.
anti-slavery movement - organisation
what key individuals were apart of the movement
3
- Granville Sharp - lawyer, provided legal aid to former slaves and was president of the committee for ending the slave trade in 1887
- Thomas Clarkson - Would investigate and research the way in which the slave trade was conducted, eg the conditions aboard slave ships
- William Wilberforce - Member of parliament and spokesmen for the cause in the commons
anti-slavery movement - organisation
what TACTICS were used ?
- Sharp won landmark cases in 1767 and 1771 for 2 slaves to not be resold - set a precedent in Britain
- Josiah wedgewood - successful potter who designed a seal for the campaign (1787) and became the movements logo - popular cause
- 1787 - 7000 images of Clarkson’s slave ship diagram were printed as posters. This was a shocking image which was able to rally support for the cause
- 1788 - 183 petitions had been sent to parliament with signatures from all across society. This led to the 1788 bill which required slave ships to have an on board doctor and limited number of slaves per ship.
anti-slavery movement - ideas
what was a key idea used by the movement?
- All humans have inherent dignity eg Clarkson’s research into conditions on slave ships
- 1787, Cuango and 1789, Equiano - former slaves who published books on their experiences as slaves which both became bestsellers
- Important as Europeans were able to see Africans as people and helped to promote the anti-slavery movement
- These authors took up powerful pubic speaking tours around the country
anti-slavery movement - economic reasons
economic reasons
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
* technological advancements made handwork redundant
FINANCIAL
* number of slave rebellions eg st Domingue (produced 30 % of the worlds sugar) and the rebellion exposed the financial and human costs of enforcing the slave trade
* 1791 sugar boycott - around 70,000 pamphlets sold in 1791. 300,000people stopped using sugar. 519 petitions sent to parliament
anti-slavery movement
Religion
QUAKERS
* had a tight knit community and would often share resources
* Mixed with anglicans in committee which made the committee seem less threatening and est the national and international networks
Early socialism
describe new lanark mills
4
- Robert Owen - working class background, owned a number of factories in New Lanark .
- Owen’s idea of how factories should be run in order to endure there were adequate conditions for his workers were exemplified in his new Lanark mills
- Refused to employ pauper children under 10 and women were given shorter hours
- Provided better houses and sanitation for his workers Refused- his workers wanted to work for him
Early socialism
1819 factory act
2
- Owen was apart of a group of manufacturers who had been pressuring the gov for change
- while the bill did ban the employment o children under 9 and reduced the working hours of other children, it was massively ineffective as it only applied to cotton mills not all factories
Early socialism
Trade unions
1834 the GNCTU was founded. This was the first British attempt to set up a union that covered all employees. However this failed due to disagreements within its membership about the direction of unionism
Methodism
origin
- appealed to those outside the traditional church hierarchy.
- Methodist preachers reached out to workers in new cities where the Anglican Church was absent
Methodism
GROWTH OF METHODISM
- relied heavily on volunteer preachers
- 1840 - membership 435,591
Methodism
EVIDENCE THAT METHODISTS CHALLENGED THE STATUS QUO
- key members led a campaign to extend dissenting rights - 1813 doctrine of the trinity act gave dissenters the right to get preaching license
- Political clubs copy the organisation of Methodists - they would teach the working classes how to read using the bible
Methodism
EVIDENCE THAT METHODISM UPHELD THE STATUS QUO
- wanted to emphasise to the government the respectability of the religion - that they were not a threat eg the removal of a more extreme section , the primitives in 1810’s
- They emphasises to the working classes that they should accept their station and keep the status quo
- Leading Methodists were often conservative
