Presidential Action Flashcards
1
Q
Example questions
A
‘How important were the roles of presidents to the progress of AA CR 1865-1992?’
2
Q
Judgement on importance of Presidents [2]
A
- At some times Presidency took the lead e.g. Grant during Reconstruction & Johnson during 1960s
- However over pressures, like the CRM and Supreme Court judgements were equally important
3
Q
Andrew Johnson (1865-69) [2]
A
- Introduced the highly discriminatory Black Codes, allowed attacks upon African Americans
- ‘Sharecropping’ - de facto legalized slavery
4
Q
Ulysses S. Grant (1869-77)
A
- Used federal troops & authority to support Recon
5
Q
Woodrow Wilson (1913-21) [1]
A
- Did little for civil rights: Praised KKK for defending Southern rights after the Civil War
6
Q
Roosevelt (1933-1945) [4]
A
Some New Deal reforms helped AA’s:
- Civilian Conservation Corps
- Federal Emergency Relief Administration
- Public Works Administration
- However, many reforms excluded key areas of AA employment e.g. Agriculture & domestic services
7
Q
Truman (1945-53) [2]
A
- 1948 executive order against segregation in armed forces
- Appointed a committee on civil rights
8
Q
Eisenhower (1953-61) [2]
A
- Created the Civil Rights Acts reaffirming AA’s right to vote
- Sent troops to enforce SC ruling on desegregating schools at Little Rock in 1957 when Arkansas authorities tried to prevent the desegregation of Little Rock High School
9
Q
John F. Kennedy (1961-63) [2]
A
- Prepared a general civil rights bill in 1963 before assassination
- Prevented from passing it due to Southern white opposition
10
Q
Johnson (1963-69) [3]
A
- Civil Rights Acts 1964 & 1965
- Discrimination in public accommodations & employment were made illegal
- Appointed first AA Supreme Court justice, Thurgood Marshall
11
Q
Nixon (1969-1974) [1]
A
- Affirmative Action: all employers w/ federal contracts had to draft policies showing they were acively promoting employment of AA’s
