president/EXOP Flashcards
presidential powers in congress
-executing laws
-calling special sessions of congress
-signing or vetoing legislation
-appointing federal justices
-receiving ambassadors
-making treaties
-granting pardons
-giving the state of union address
-commander in chief
president as the head of state
-granting pardons
-attending global summits
-being consoler in chief during times of national crisis
-receiving + nominating ambassadors
president as the head of government
-signing, vetoing + executing legislation
-appointing his cabinet
-delivering the state of union address
informal sources of presidential power
-electoral mandate
-executive orders
-national events
-the vice president + cabinet
what makes the president a bargainer in chief
-the president has more persuasive power when he is popular, as other branches gain some reflected glory by doing what the president wants
the national security council
-est 1947
-to coordinate military, foreign policy and security info + policy for the president
-briefs the president daily
-its importance varies depending on the president
office of management and budget
-est 1970
-advises the president on the budget + oversees federal department spending
-ensures all presidential legislative initiatives are budgeted and fit into the presidential policy goals
white house office
-most trusted presidential advisors
-act as a link between president + cabinet members and their departments
-control access to the president
-act on behalf of the president eg, interviews, briefing the press
factors affecting presidential relationships with congress
-elections
-separation of powers
-persuasion
-divided gov
-presidential action
factors affecting presidential relationships with the supreme court
-appointments
-judicial review
-media
lame duck president
once his successor has been elected, but he remains in power until January
informal lame duck president
when they are unable to get anything done
how presidential popularity affects the presidents power
a popular president is more likely to be successful in his policy proposals. if a congressional politicians constituents supports the president, then that politician will also support the president to become more popular
how the election cycle affects a presidents popularity
a president has to always have an eye on the election calendar. mid terms might deliver him a divided gov. his own re-election campaign is an important consideration for actions in his first
how national events affects the presidents popularity
reactions to crisis’s can knock a presidents popularity and derail his legislative agenda
the traditional imperial presidency
-executive orders and agreements
-signing statements
-pardons
the imperilled presidency
-a president is unlikely to be ‘imperial’ for the duration of his presidency. he can find himself imperial at one point, only to become imperilled due to changing circumstances
what does the president control
-the US armed forces
-the NSC
-the ability to receive ambassadors + therefore recognise countries
-the ability to negotiate treaties
-executive agreements, which don’t need senate approval
-the choice of cabinet secretaries
what does congress control
-the right of the senate to approve treaties
-the power to declare war
-the right of the senate to approve cabinet members
-the power of the purse
which of his aims did Clinton achieve (1993-2001)
-raise tax on the wealthiest
-smaller fed gov
-economic growth
-bringing down the deficit
-responsibility for the environment
which of his aims did Clinton not achieve (1993-2001)
-affordable healthcare
-expansion of civil rights
which of his aims did Bush jr achieve (2001-2009)
-increasing defence spending
-tax cuts
-healthcare reform
-educational reform
-war on terror
which of his aims did Bush jr not achieve (2001-2009)
-social security reform
which of his aims did Obama achieve (2009-2017)
-healthcare reform
-stimulating the economy
-ending the war in Iraq
-reforming nuclear weapons
