presentations of renal disease

Question 1

how do we know someone has nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

a triad of:
proteinuria (albumin and antithrombin III)
low albumin
oedema

associated features:
high cholesterol
tendency to thrombosis

Question 2

how do we know someone has nephritic syndrome

Answer 2

microscopic haematuria
proteinuria (not enough to lower serum albumin)
hypertension
reduced urine output

Question 3

AKI

a) definition
b) aetiology
c) when can a diagnosis be made

Answer 3

a) rapid decline in excretory kidney function
b) acute tubular injury eg prolonged hypotension such as trauma, drugs, rhabdomyolysis, interstitial nephritis

c) diagnosis can be made within 6h onset of oliguria
and within 48h of 50% rise in creatinine