Presentations

Question 1

what was Emily Whitehead diagnosed with?

Answer 1

aggressive acute lymphoblastic
leukemia

Question 2

What happens in CAR T cell therapy?

Answer 2

T cells are removed from a patient and modified so that they express CAR receptors specific to the patient’s particular cancer. The T cells, which can then recognize and kill the cancer cells, are reintroduced into the patient.

Question 3

CAR-T short for …

Answer 3

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T

Question 4

CAR-T adverse events

Answer 4

Neurotoxicity, Cytokine release syndrome, Macrophage activation syndrome , B cell aplasia

Question 5

MOA of CAR-T

Answer 5

• Recognition: CAR-T cells are engineered to target specific
  cancer cell antigens.
• Binding: Upon antigen recognition, CAR-T cells bind to cancer
  cells.
• Activation: Signaling domains in the CAR activate the CAR-T cell.
• Cytokine Release: Activated CAR-T cells release cytokines,
  initiating an immune response.
• Direct Killing: CAR-T cells directly kill cancer cells by releasing
  cytotoxic substances.
• Memory and Persistence: CAR-T cells persist for long-term
  immune surveillance.
• Tumor Eradication: Cumulative action leads to cancer cell
  eradication

Question 6

CAR-T is limited in …

Answer 6

solid tumors

Question 7

challenges of CAR-T

Answer 7

1. Tumor vasculature: Expresses reduced adhesion molecules, hindering T cell entry into tumors.
2. Dense Extracellular Matrix (ECM): Forms a barrier, impeding T cell
   mobility.
3. Heterogeneous Antigen Expression: Tumor cells exhibit varying antigen
   expression, affecting the efficacy of CAR-T cells reliant on target-antigen
   recognition.
4. Immunosuppressive Microenvironment:

Question 8

Examples of how immunosuppressive microenvironment (such as cytokines) can affect CAR-T

Answer 8

1. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells): Produce TGFβ, inhibiting T cell
   cytotoxicity and promoting Treg cell polarization.
2. Myeloid suppressive cells (TAMs and MDSCs): Upregulate inhibitory
   ligands (e.g., PD-L1) and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines (TGFβ
   and IL-10).

Question 9

Components of CAR

Answer 9

1. variable heavy and light regions (antigen recognition)
2. spacer & transmembrane domain
3. ITAM regions (trigger intracellular signaling pathways) (signal transduction and T cell activation)

Question 10

Rovelizumab (Leukarest)

Answer 10

Monoclonal antibody directed against CD11/CD18 cell adhesion proteins

Question 11

Use of Rovelizumab (Leukarest)

Answer 11

treat patients with hemorrhagic shock
Also used in research for:
Multiple sclerosis
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Cerebral Vasospasm
Head Trauma
Renal Transplantation
Restenosis

Question 12

Rovelizumab (Leukarest) MOA

Answer 12

inhibits CD40-CD40L pathway

Question 13

T/F Rovelizumab can be used in transplantation settings

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Use of Ozanezumab

Answer 14

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 15

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 15

loss of motor control; swallowing/paralysis/breathing

Question 16

Most Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is

Answer 16

sporadic

Question 17

Ozanezumab

Answer 17

monoclonal antibody that target NOGO-A protein within CNS

Question 18

T/F: Ozanezumab blocks NOGO/NOGO receptor and internalization of NOGO

Answer 18

True

Question 19

ADE of Ozanezumab

Answer 19

back pain, bronchitis, fall, headaches and procedural pain at biopsy site

Question 20

Use of Atezolizumab (Tecentriq)

Answer 20

For the treatment of urothelial carcinoma and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Question 21

MOA of Atezolizumab

Answer 21

Blocks PD-L1 to restore antitumor T cell activity

Question 22

ADE of Atezolizumab

Answer 22

• tiredness
  -decreases appetite
  -nausea
  -cough
  -SOB

Question 23

Lorvotuzumab

Answer 23

Humanized monoclonal antibody designed for targeting CD56 in small cell lung cancer cells

Question 24

Lorvotuzumab ADE

Answer 24

peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, neutropenia, & thrombocytopenia