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Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

______ is localized & ________ is world wide disease spread

A

Epidemic & Pandemic

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2
Q

Influenza is commonly known as _____

It is of _____ origin and identified in year ______

A

The flu / the Spanish flu (because Spanish reporters covered it first)
Avian & 1918

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3
Q

Single stranded, RNA, Icosahedral is of

A

Influenza and covid except covid is helical

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4
Q

Symptoms of influenza

A

Sore throat
Fever
Headache

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5
Q

Patient zero of influenza was

A

Albert Gitchell

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6
Q

Most vulnerable people to influenza was what age.

Other symptoms include

A

Young adults in their 20s

Bleeding from ear nose and eyes
Also people turned blue due to lack of oxygen

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7
Q

Similarities between covid and influenza

A

Lockdowns
Masks

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8
Q

President of USA during influenza was

A

Woodrow Wilson
If he had addressed it, the virus might not have spread as much

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9
Q

Mortality rates of Influenza

Mortality rate in India

A

Infected 500 million
Killed 52 million
Ie 2.5% of world population

India was most affected with 16.7 million dead

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10
Q

Fake treatments of influenza were

A

Enema
Whiskey treatment
Blood letting

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11
Q

Who discovered a new strain of influenza and in what year

A

Richard Shope
1933

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12
Q

What organization was the forerunner of WHO

A

International bureau for fighting pandemics in Vienna

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13
Q

_________ consists of friends, family, and others in a person’s social context that may influence an individual’s response to symptoms or perceived health threats.

A

A lay referral

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14
Q

________ is a term used in medical sociology regarding sickness and the rights and obligations of the affected. The general idea is that the individual who has fallen ill is not only physically sick, but now adheres to the specifically patterned social role of being sick

A

The sick role

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15
Q

The sick role theory was developed by ______ in __________

A

Talcott Parsons
1951

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16
Q

What fish eaten raw can contain cholera

A

Shell fish

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17
Q

Cholera is a?

A

Bacterium

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18
Q

What bacterium is responsible for cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

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19
Q

Symptoms of cholera

A

Severe diarrhea
Vomiting
Leg cramps
Dehydration
Septic shock
Labored breathing
Seizures and coma due to electrolyte imbalance
Death within minutes if untreated

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20
Q

First modern account of cholera was by ______ in what year at ______ place.
Locals called it ______

A

Gaspar Correa
1543
Ganges Delta ( Bangladesh & India)
moryxy

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21
Q

Cholera became a disease of global importance in _____ with a outbreak in ___

A

1817

Jessore India

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22
Q

How many pandemics of Cholera has there been? And the deadliest is the_____ and took place in years

A

7
3rd
1852-1858

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23
Q

Man who traced cholera Cholera?
When
And how?

A

John Snow
1854
Traced the cholera to water pumps in Broad street

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24
Q

Historical beliefs of what caused cholera is

A

Miasma: Contaminated air; contaminated vapors from diseases clouds

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25
Q

Initial treatments of cholera

A

Mercury chloride (calomel)
Spices
Camphor
Warm baths
Cauterization
Acidic drinks & rice gruel(oral rehydration)
Blood letting
Leeches
Magnesia
Sulphuric

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26
Q

Who found the cure for cholera?
Where and what was it?

A

Sir Leonard Rogers
India
Intravenous rehydration solution

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27
Q

Modern father of Epidemiology

A

John Snow

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28
Q

Who discovered Vibrio Cholerae

A

Robert Koch
1883

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29
Q

First bacterium to be identified as causing disease in humans?

A

Mycobacterium leprae: Leprosy

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30
Q

Leprosy aka

A

Hansen’s disease

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31
Q

Leprosy causative agent was discovered by and in what year

A

G.H.A. Hansen in 1873

32
Q

Animal that hosts leprosy pathogen

A

Armadillo

33
Q

Leprosy originated in

A

Eastern Africa

34
Q

Earliest possible account of leprosy and when

A

Egyptian papyrus document

1550 BC

35
Q

Leprosy: _______ infectivity, _______ pathogenicity

_____% of the population are naturally immune

A

High
Low

95%

36
Q

Men are ______ more likely to contract leprosy as women

A

Twice

37
Q

Average disease incubation of leprosy

A

5 years

38
Q

Leprosy when left untreated leads to

A

Visible impairments of hands feet eyes & face

39
Q

First cure of leprosy?
By?
In what year?

A

Injectable solution from chaulmoogra oil
Alice Augusta Ball
Early 20th century

40
Q

Multi drug therapy of leprosy includes

A

Dapsone
Rifapicine
Clofazimine

& surgery after all the antibiotics

41
Q

6 special health needs of seniors

A

Arthritis
Heart disease
Cancer
Alzheimer’s
Osteoporosis
Diabetes

42
Q

Zoonotic diseases include

A

Ebola
Avian influenza
Rabies
Yellow fever
Swine flu
Lassa fever
Nile west disease
Trypanosomiasis
Malaria
Covid 19
Mad cow disease
Kuru
Marburg
Plague
Lyme disease
Brucellosis

43
Q

EVD was discovered when and where

A

Ebola virus disease
1976
DRC

44
Q

Moist affected Ebola countries

A

Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
Sudan

45
Q

When was avian influenza detected and where

A

In geese:1996
In humans: 1997
China

46
Q

Who related avian flu to human flu

A

Dr. Rob Webster

47
Q

Symptoms of avian flu

A

Aching muscles, Cough, Fever, Sore throat, Eye irritation, Viral pneumonia and Extreme difficulty breathing

48
Q

Rabies originated from which word and is caused by?

A

Lyssa fever
Rabere meaning to rage

49
Q

Rabies dates back to and symptoms are

A

2000BC

Fever, Pain , Unusual tingling or burning sensation at the wound site. As the virus progresses to the CNS, fatal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord develops which could lead to hallucinations, aggressive behavior, muscle spasm, delirium, nausea

50
Q

Who developed the rabies vaccine and in what year

A

Louis Pasteur
1885

51
Q

Yellow fever is transmitted by and originated in

A

Aedes aegypti mosquito
Africa

52
Q

Who confirmed the transmission of yellow fever by mosquito

A

Major Walter Reed

53
Q

Yellow fever aka

A

Disease of black vomit due to blood in vomit

54
Q

First epidemic of yellow fever was reported in

A

1648 in Yucatán Mexico

55
Q

Swine flu which is respiratory was first recognized when

A

1918 during the Spanish influenza

56
Q

Lassa fever started in what state in what year

A

Borno
1968

57
Q

Treatment for Lassa fever

A

Ribavirin

58
Q

Trypanosomiasis symptoms were first documented in?
Agent?
Vector?

A

1742
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Tsetse fly

59
Q

Malaria has infested every continent except

A

Antarctica

60
Q

Mad cow disease aka

A

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

61
Q

Plague aka

A

Black Death

62
Q

Lyme disease

A

Tick borne
Bacterium Borrelia Burgdorferi

63
Q

Black Death
Originated in?
Started in year?
Caused by?
Major treatment measures?

A

Far east
1347
Yersinia pestis
Blood letting & boil lancing, treacle, dinner parties, sweating

64
Q

Black Death clinical forms?

A

Bubonic plague
Pneumonic plague
Septicemic (deadliest form)

65
Q

What word was coined during the Black Death

A

Quarantine

66
Q

The term Medicalization first appears in year?

A

1970

67
Q

Herbal drugs🙋

A

Poppy plant - a pain reliever

•Dongoyaro plant - malaria treatment

•Foxglove plant - for heart conditions

•Sandpaper leaf - for hypertension management

•Moringa plant

•Aloe vera plant for antiinflammation

68
Q

Father of epidemiology

A

John Snow

69
Q

Who established germ theory and cellular biology

A

Robert Koch

70
Q

Cretinism is also referred to as?

A

Congenital hypothyroidism
Infantile myxedema

Occurs with or without goitre

71
Q

Types of cretinism

A

Sporadic: The nvironmental and gene and drug causes

Endemic: deficit of iodine

72
Q

First medics to cure cretinism

A

Chinese medics from Tang Dynasty using pills made from thyroid gland

73
Q

Who associated cretinism to iodine deficiency

A

Adolphe Chetan 1852

74
Q

Types of cretinism

A
  1. CHNG congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous
    Due to gene mutation
  2. Endemic

Due to maternal hypothyroidism

75
Q

First mental hospital was founded by & is now known as?

A

Father Juan Gilberto jorfe

UTH of University of Valencia

76
Q

Father of moral treatment

A

Pinel

77
Q

Who introduced lithium drug to cure mental illness

A

Dr John Cade

FOM (4 decks)

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