Presentations Flashcards
______ is localized & ________ is world wide disease spread
Epidemic & Pandemic
Influenza is commonly known as _____
It is of _____ origin and identified in year ______
The flu / the Spanish flu (because Spanish reporters covered it first)
Avian & 1918
Single stranded, RNA, Icosahedral is of
Influenza and covid except covid is helical
Symptoms of influenza
Sore throat
Fever
Headache
Patient zero of influenza was
Albert Gitchell
Most vulnerable people to influenza was what age.
Other symptoms include
Young adults in their 20s
Bleeding from ear nose and eyes
Also people turned blue due to lack of oxygen
Similarities between covid and influenza
Lockdowns
Masks
President of USA during influenza was
Woodrow Wilson
If he had addressed it, the virus might not have spread as much
Mortality rates of Influenza
Mortality rate in India
Infected 500 million
Killed 52 million
Ie 2.5% of world population
India was most affected with 16.7 million dead
Fake treatments of influenza were
Enema
Whiskey treatment
Blood letting
Who discovered a new strain of influenza and in what year
Richard Shope
1933
What organization was the forerunner of WHO
International bureau for fighting pandemics in Vienna
_________ consists of friends, family, and others in a person’s social context that may influence an individual’s response to symptoms or perceived health threats.
A lay referral
________ is a term used in medical sociology regarding sickness and the rights and obligations of the affected. The general idea is that the individual who has fallen ill is not only physically sick, but now adheres to the specifically patterned social role of being sick
The sick role
The sick role theory was developed by ______ in __________
Talcott Parsons
1951
What fish eaten raw can contain cholera
Shell fish
Cholera is a?
Bacterium
What bacterium is responsible for cholera
Vibrio cholerae
Symptoms of cholera
Severe diarrhea
Vomiting
Leg cramps
Dehydration
Septic shock
Labored breathing
Seizures and coma due to electrolyte imbalance
Death within minutes if untreated
First modern account of cholera was by ______ in what year at ______ place.
Locals called it ______
Gaspar Correa
1543
Ganges Delta ( Bangladesh & India)
moryxy
Cholera became a disease of global importance in _____ with a outbreak in ___
1817
Jessore India
How many pandemics of Cholera has there been? And the deadliest is the_____ and took place in years
7
3rd
1852-1858
Man who traced cholera Cholera?
When
And how?
John Snow
1854
Traced the cholera to water pumps in Broad street
Historical beliefs of what caused cholera is
Miasma: Contaminated air; contaminated vapors from diseases clouds
Initial treatments of cholera
Mercury chloride (calomel)
Spices
Camphor
Warm baths
Cauterization
Acidic drinks & rice gruel(oral rehydration)
Blood letting
Leeches
Magnesia
Sulphuric
Who found the cure for cholera?
Where and what was it?
Sir Leonard Rogers
India
Intravenous rehydration solution
Modern father of Epidemiology
John Snow
Who discovered Vibrio Cholerae
Robert Koch
1883
First bacterium to be identified as causing disease in humans?
Mycobacterium leprae: Leprosy
Leprosy aka
Hansen’s disease
Leprosy causative agent was discovered by and in what year
G.H.A. Hansen in 1873
Animal that hosts leprosy pathogen
Armadillo
Leprosy originated in
Eastern Africa
Earliest possible account of leprosy and when
Egyptian papyrus document
1550 BC
Leprosy: _______ infectivity, _______ pathogenicity
_____% of the population are naturally immune
High
Low
95%
Men are ______ more likely to contract leprosy as women
Twice
Average disease incubation of leprosy
5 years
Leprosy when left untreated leads to
Visible impairments of hands feet eyes & face
First cure of leprosy?
By?
In what year?
Injectable solution from chaulmoogra oil
Alice Augusta Ball
Early 20th century
Multi drug therapy of leprosy includes
Dapsone
Rifapicine
Clofazimine
& surgery after all the antibiotics
6 special health needs of seniors
Arthritis
Heart disease
Cancer
Alzheimer’s
Osteoporosis
Diabetes
Zoonotic diseases include
Ebola
Avian influenza
Rabies
Yellow fever
Swine flu
Lassa fever
Nile west disease
Trypanosomiasis
Malaria
Covid 19
Mad cow disease
Kuru
Marburg
Plague
Lyme disease
Brucellosis
EVD was discovered when and where
Ebola virus disease
1976
DRC
Moist affected Ebola countries
Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
Sudan
When was avian influenza detected and where
In geese:1996
In humans: 1997
China
Who related avian flu to human flu
Dr. Rob Webster
Symptoms of avian flu
Aching muscles, Cough, Fever, Sore throat, Eye irritation, Viral pneumonia and Extreme difficulty breathing
Rabies originated from which word and is caused by?
Lyssa fever
Rabere meaning to rage
Rabies dates back to and symptoms are
2000BC
Fever, Pain , Unusual tingling or burning sensation at the wound site. As the virus progresses to the CNS, fatal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord develops which could lead to hallucinations, aggressive behavior, muscle spasm, delirium, nausea
Who developed the rabies vaccine and in what year
Louis Pasteur
1885
Yellow fever is transmitted by and originated in
Aedes aegypti mosquito
Africa
Who confirmed the transmission of yellow fever by mosquito
Major Walter Reed
Yellow fever aka
Disease of black vomit due to blood in vomit
First epidemic of yellow fever was reported in
1648 in Yucatán Mexico
Swine flu which is respiratory was first recognized when
1918 during the Spanish influenza
Lassa fever started in what state in what year
Borno
1968
Treatment for Lassa fever
Ribavirin
Trypanosomiasis symptoms were first documented in?
Agent?
Vector?
1742
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Tsetse fly
Malaria has infested every continent except
Antarctica
Mad cow disease aka
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Plague aka
Black Death
Lyme disease
Tick borne
Bacterium Borrelia Burgdorferi
Black Death
Originated in?
Started in year?
Caused by?
Major treatment measures?
Far east
1347
Yersinia pestis
Blood letting & boil lancing, treacle, dinner parties, sweating
Black Death clinical forms?
Bubonic plague
Pneumonic plague
Septicemic (deadliest form)
What word was coined during the Black Death
Quarantine
The term Medicalization first appears in year?
1970
Herbal drugs🙋
Poppy plant - a pain reliever
•Dongoyaro plant - malaria treatment
•Foxglove plant - for heart conditions
•Sandpaper leaf - for hypertension management
•Moringa plant
•Aloe vera plant for antiinflammation
Father of epidemiology
John Snow
Who established germ theory and cellular biology
Robert Koch
Cretinism is also referred to as?
Congenital hypothyroidism
Infantile myxedema
Occurs with or without goitre
Types of cretinism
Sporadic: The nvironmental and gene and drug causes
Endemic: deficit of iodine
First medics to cure cretinism
Chinese medics from Tang Dynasty using pills made from thyroid gland
Who associated cretinism to iodine deficiency
Adolphe Chetan 1852
Types of cretinism
- CHNG congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous
Due to gene mutation - Endemic
Due to maternal hypothyroidism
First mental hospital was founded by & is now known as?
Father Juan Gilberto jorfe
UTH of University of Valencia
Father of moral treatment
Pinel
Who introduced lithium drug to cure mental illness
Dr John Cade
