Presentation Of Kidney Disease Flashcards
What are the signs of problems related to excretion of urea?
Uraemia - pericarditis, encephalopathy, neuropathy, asterixis, gastritis
What is asterixis?
Tremor in the hand
What are the signs of abnormalities in fluid balance?
Fluid retention and oedema
What are the signs of problems in electrolyte balance?
Hyperkalaemia and arrhythmia
What is a respiratory sign of metabolic acidosis?
Kussmaul’s Respiration
How can problems in vitamin D metabolism/phosphate excretion present?
Renal bone disease and vascular calcification
How does a defect in production of erythropoietin present?
Anaemia
What should be asked in systemic enquiry in a patient with suspected kidney disease?
Appetite change, weight loos, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia and dyspnoea, urinary symptoms, joint pains, skin rashes and arthralgia
Describe accelerated hypertension
Emergency - BP >120mmHg, papilloedema, end organ decompensation, fits, cardiac failure, acute renal failure
What is the sign of ECG suggestive of hyperkalaemia?
Peaked T waves
Describe the levels of proteinuria
Low - <1G/day
Heavy - 1-3G/day
Nephrotic - >3G/day
What is the triad of nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminaemia
Oedema
What features of systemic disease may be found on examination?
Skin rash, heart murmur, consolidation, retinopathy, arterial bruits, neuropathy, pyrexia
What features of loss of kidney function may be found on examination?
Pallor, arrhythmia, pericardial rub, raised JVP, oedema, gout
What is the normal level of protein in urine?
<150mg/24 hours
