Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

What is dementia?

A

Syndrome resulting from acquired brain disease. It is characterized by a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive domains that, when severe enough, interferes with daily living and independent functioning

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2
Q

Common NeuroDegenerative diseases that cause dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease (leading cause of dementia)
Lewy body disease
Vascular pathology (e.g., multi-infarct dementia)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)—Pick’s disease (behavioral variant) and primary progressive aphasia (language variant)
Huntington’s disease
Parkinson’s disease

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3
Q

Conditions that mimic dementia

A
Metabolic conditions 
Neoplasms 
Toxins 
Infections 
Autoimmune disorders 
Nutritional disorders 
Drug Effects 
Because of a number of mimics it is important there is an extensive range of testing to understand the diagnosis of dementia.
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4
Q

Depression and Dementia

A

Co-occurs with dementia
Often undiagnosed
Can mimic symptoms of dementia - cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, appetite loss, poor concentration on memory.
Effects on communication - reduced intonation, slow response, brief replies.

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5
Q

Types of dementia by frequency

A

AD - Highest at 62%
Vascular Dementia - 17%
FTD - 2%

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6
Q

Fronto-temporal dementia

A

Behavioural variant and language variant - including primary progressive aphasia, semantic dementia, progressive non-fluent aphasia, logopenic PPA.
Impaired with ppt in communication - engagement and paying attention to CP.

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7
Q

Characteristics of Logopenic PPA

A

Slow rate of speech
Sentence and phrase repetition impaired but repetition of short single words spared
Reading and writing abilities may be preserved longer than speech, but will decline.
Over time - difficulties with understanding long or complex verbal info - :( WM.
May become completely non-verbal .

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8
Q

Initial Primary Non-fluent aphasia

A
Non-fluent 
Breakdown in language output 
Effortful speech 
Phonemic speech
Impaired comprehension 
Difference with aphasia - is symptoms are progressive and these are followed with other symptoms.
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9
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

Word finding pauses - loses train of thought
Initiates messages - makes word errors but not sound
Grammar, articulation, prosody - generally normal.
Visual and semantic naming errors
Ferris and Farlow (13) - difficulties in compre of spoken and written lang.
Comprehension at single lvl - intact
Difficulties as syntax becomes more complex.
May have difficulty on repetition of sentences
reduced verbal fluency.
Main problem: in sense of message (not making sense).

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10
Q

Vascular Dementia

A
Slow speech, word finding pauses 
Articulation may be impaired 
Semantic and phonological errors are rare and grammar is normal. 
Impaired attention 
Bradyphenia - slowness of thought 
Primary deficit is variable
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11
Q

Primary progressive aphasia/non-fluent aphasia

A

Thinking unaffected in early stages
Language impairment - prominent feature
Aprosidic
Comprehension impaired at single level.
Difficultly repeating polysyllabic words
Hesitant, effortfull speech
Phonemic errors, but not semantic
Agrammatic speech - effortful stuttering
AoS
Primary deficit = structure of the message/motor programme.

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12
Q

Semantic Dementia

A

Breakdown in the conceptual database of thinking
As progression - profound semantic loss with failur of word comprehension and naming/face recognition.
Speech is fluent and empty - circulmatory
Continues to initiate.
Severe anomia
May have visual agnosia
Repetition is intact if word is recognised.
Comprehension impaired at single word lvl.
Primary deficit = sense of the message (meaning).

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13
Q

Behavioural variant of FTD

A

Short terse phrases
Difficulty in message initiation
Normal prosody, articulation and grammar
Echolalia
May have hypergraphia - wants to write
Disinhibited responses - random/inapprop
Primary deficit = sense of the message or initiation of speech.

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14
Q

Quality of life (ICF - activity and ppt) Presentation

A
Anxiety 
Isolation 
Inability to learn new info 
Disorientation 
Stress and Distress 
Risk
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15
Q

Impact on social relationships

A

PPl with language impairments are more likely to find it problematic to retain exisiting friendships = social withdrawal.

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