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NMF: GP > Prescribing > Flashcards

Prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

What is verapamil?

A

a CCB used for angina, hypertension and arrythmia

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2
Q

What is amlodipine?

A

a CCB used for angina or hypertension

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3
Q

Which CCB can be used in cardiac failure?

A

amlodipine will not reduce cardiac output like other CCB but it is not a treatment for cardiac failure

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4
Q

Should verapamil or diltiazem be used with a beta blocker?

A

never, as both reduce heart rate

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5
Q

What is indapamide?

A

a thiazide diuretic used for hypertension

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6
Q

What are the cautions with thiazide diuretics?

A

hypokalaemia
exacerbate gout
dont use in pregnancy

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7
Q

When are thiazide diuretics used?

A

to relieve oedema due to chronic heart failure and, in lower doses, to reduce blood pressure

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8
Q

When are loop diuretics used?

A

used in pulmonary oedema due to left ventricular failure and in patients with chronic heart failure.

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9
Q

What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?

A

moderately potent
inhibit the sodium-chloride transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
decrease sodium reabsorption and therefore decreased fluid reabsorption

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10
Q

What effect do loop and thiazide diuretics have on potassium?

A

inc amount of sodium in distal tubule stimulates aldosterone-sensitive sodium pump to lose more potassium in the urine

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11
Q

What is the MOA of loop diuretics?

A

inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of loop of henle

transporter normally reabsorbs 25% sodium

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12
Q

Give an example of a potassium sparing diuretic

A

spironolactone

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13
Q

What are the important side effects of statins?

A

myopathy and deranged LFTs

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14
Q

What is the MOA of statins?

A

competitively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, especially in the liver.

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15
Q

What is the MOA of tolterodine?

A

competitive antagonist of AcH at postganglionic muscarinic receptors

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16
Q

What is ranitidine?

A

a H2 receptor antagonist used for dyspepsia and reflux

17
Q

What is warfarin?

A

vit K antagonist

18
Q

how is morphine excreted?

A

90% in urine

19
Q

Can morphine or codeine be used in renal impairment?

A

avoid or reduce as can accumulate

20
Q

Which analgesics can be used in renal impairment?

A

paracetamol
oxycodone
fentanyl

  • tramadol ok but needs checked
21
Q

What is the first line antimotility agent in ibs?

A

loperamide

22
Q

SE of PPI

A

osteoporotic fractures
inc risk C diff
low sodium and magnesium

23
Q

What is metformin?

A

a biguanide that works by reducing glucose absorption, liver glucose stores and helps cells use glucose

24
Q

When should there be caution with metformin?

A 
renal impairment
acute illness (stop if D+V or surgery)
25
Q

What is gliclazide?

A

a sulphonylurea that works by increasing insulin secretion in the body

26
Q

What is the main limitation of sulfonylureas?

A

hypoglycaemia esp if elderly

27
Q

What is pioglitazone?

A

a thiazolidine that works by increasing insulin sensitivity

28
Q

How do gliptins work?

A

DP4-inhibiitors keep digestive gut hormones acting longer after eating to stimulate insulin release from the pancreas

29
Q

What do flozins do?

A

SGLT2 inhibitors block glucose from being absorbed in the kidneys so it is excreted in urine

30
Q

Why is metformin most commonly not tolerated?

A

GI side effects eg loose stool

31
Q

What is topimarate

A

an anti-epileptic drug that can be used for migraine prophylaxis

32
Q

What are triptans?

A

5HT1-receptor agonists

33
Q

What are the side-effects of triptans?

A

dizziness, nausea

fatigue, drowsiness

34
Q

What is the MOA of gabapentin?

A

mimics GABA but does not bind to its receptors

35
Q

How is gabapentin excreted?

A

renal

36
Q

Which hypertension agents can be used in pregnancy?

A

labetalol
nifedipine
methyldopa

NMF: GP (3 decks)

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