Diagnosing Flashcards
Give differentials for a unilateral swollen leg
cellulitis
DVT
impaired venous return due to pelvic mass
Give differentials for a bilateral swollen leg with pitting oedema
cardiac failure
hypoalbuminaemia in liver or renal disease
SE of CCB eg. amlodipine
Give differentials for a bilateral swollen leg with non-bitting oedema
lymphoedema following surgical or radiological removal of nodes, congenital malformation, tumour blocking, infection eg parasitic
myxoedema seen in hypothyroid
What would pitting periorbital oedema indicate?
renal failure
What would pitting oedema and ascites indicate?
liver cirrhosis
What would pulmonary and ankle oedema indicate?
cardiac disease
What are the secondary causes of hypertension?
hyperaldosteronism inc Conn’s
Renal disease eg. glomerulonephritis and renal artery stenosis
Endocrine disorder eg. phaeochromocytoma, Cushing’s
Steroids
What are the ABC symptoms of IBS?
abdominal discomfort
bloating
change in bowel habit
A random blood glucose higher than what is suggestive of diabetes? What should be done next?
7.8 mmol/L
check fasting blood glucose
A fasting blood glucose higher than what is diabetes?
7.0 mmol/L
If fasting blood glucose is btween 6-7 mmol/L what test should be done?
oral glucose tolerance test
if two hour >11.1 diabetic
When can it be hard to know if it is Type 2 diabetes?
osmotic symptoms and signiciant weight loss need urgent review to exclude type 1 presenting in adulthood
How many attacks are needed to diagnose migraine?
at least 5 attacks lasting 4-72hrs
What are the symp[toms of migraine
unilateral pulsing headache mod-severe (cannot do normal activity) N+V photophobia aura
What is a migraine with aura?
visual symptoms most common eg. zig-zag, scotoma
sensory: unilateral pins and needles or numbness
speech and language problems eg dysphagia
