Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finals > prescribing > Flashcards

prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

Common SE of oral cortiscosteroids e.g. beclometasone?

A

sore mouth due to oral candidiasis as local suppression of cellular immune response

can then cause odynophagia & altered taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

common SE of broad spectrum abx e.g. amoxicillin?

A

sore mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

diuretics that can cause hypokalaemia?

A

loop: furosemide, bumetanide
thiazide: bendruflumethiazide, indapamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

caution of SE of amiodarone

A

hypokalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to diabetes medications before surgery?

A

oral metformin: stop –> cause lactic acidosis

use sliding scale: hourly blood glucose monitoring to adjust hourly dose of insulin for much tighter control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

common adverse effects of ACEi e.g. ramipril

A

persistent dry cough, hyperkalaemia, increase in serum creatinine
may have profound hypotension when first dose

may cause AKI, cholestatic jaundice/hepatitis
angioedema, hypersensitivity rxns

NSAID + ACEi interaction can cause hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name a situation where prophylactic heparin is contraindicated

A

acute ischaemic stroke: risk of bleeding into stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should you be cautious of when prescribing NSAIDs?

A

NSAID:
no urine e.g. renal failure
systolic dysfunction e.g. HF - can worsen HF due to release of vaso-constrictive mediators
asthma
indigestion, headache
dyscrasia: clotting abnormality
*aspirin is NAID but ok in renal failure, HF, asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment for haemophilia A? What is its function

A

desmopressin: boost factor VIII levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most important 2 treatments in anaphylaxis

A

adrenaline 500mcg = 0.5ml of 1:1000, IM

high flow oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

first line treatment for DVT?

A

apixaban, rivaroxaban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is aspirin an NSAID?

what SE can aspirin cause?

A

yes
is also an antiplatelet
GI ulcers/bleeding, iron-def anaemia
bronchospasm: CONTRAINDIC in ASTHMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what main common adverse effects can rampiril cause?

A

hyperkalaemia
increase serum creatinine
dry cough
first dose: hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drugs can cause urinary retention?

A

morphine/opioids
antichocholinergics: antipsychotic, antidepressant,

anticholinergic resp agents, detrusor relaxants
benzodiazepines
NSAIDs
CCB
antihistamine
general anaesthetics
alpha-adrenoceptor agonists
alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Common side effects of gentamicin

A

nephrotoxicity, tinnitus/impaired hearing, skin rxns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what common drug may clarithromycin interact with?

A

simvastatin: metab by cytochrome p450

clarithromycin interacts with many drugs metabolised via cytochrome p450 system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name some side effects/cautions to take for lithium therapy

A

impaired renal function

nephrotic syndrome, nephrogenic DI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

COmmon SE of HRT

A

sodium/fluid retention –> rise BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diuretic causing hypokalaemia

A

thiazides

loop diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

meds that can cause hyperkalaemia

A 
spirinolactone
ramipril 
NSAID: dicofenac sodium
dalteparin
tacrolimus
metformin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which meds are normally taken at night?

A

statins

amitriptyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is vitamin K called on BNF?

A

phytomenadione

23
Q

managing over anticoag:

INR <6

A

reduce warfarin dose

24
Q

managing over anticoag:

INR 6-8:

A

withhold warfarin for 2 days then reduce dose

25
Q

managing over anticoag:
INR >8:
if minor bleeding with INR>5?

A

wtihhold warfarin + give 1-5mg oral vit K

if minor bleeding with INR>5: give IV isntead of oral vit K 1-3mg

26
Q

hypoglycaemia treatment

A

deliver 10-20g glucose
Glucose 20% IV 15min, 50-100ml OR
glucose 10% 100-200ml

bm <4 + conscious: glucojuice bottles
<4 + confused: glucogel in gums/cheecks
<4 + unconscious: 
IV glucose
im glucagon: NOT if alcohol, malnutrition 
once conscious: sugar drinks, meal
27
Q

nephrotoxic drugs

A

ACEi/ARB, NSAIDs, aminoglycosides: gentamicin, contrast media, metformin accumulate in renal dysfunction, some diuretics e.g. furosemide, spironolactone
allopurinol

28
Q

medications causing confusion

A

benzodiazepine
analgesics: narcotics, NSAIDs
glucocorticoid
anticonvulsants, antiparkinsonian

29
Q

29 y/o: tremor, nausa. Stopped drinking alcohol 2 days ago. PMH: heavy alcohol consumption, appears anxious. What to give?

A

chlordiazepoxide

30
Q

what to give if 1 day before surgery, INR >1.5?

A

phytomenadione - vit k 1-5mg

31
Q

what must you monitor for pt on ciclosporin?

A

renal function: creatinine
most serious adverse effect is nephrotoxicity, hypertension due to vasoconstrictive effects on renal arterioles
renal fx monitoring > FBC (leucopenia, thrombocytopenia)

32
Q

what change in cholesterol level is considered adequate treatment following statin?

A

> 40% reduction in non-HDL cholesterol

33
Q

which anti-emetic is contra-indicated in PD

A

metoclopramide

34
Q

what is the antidote for heparin?

A

protamine

35
Q

what medications are contra-indicated in peripheral vascular disease?

A

beta blocker: cause vasoconstriction

ACEi cautioned in severe PVD e.g. critical ischaemia

36
Q

5 y/o: fever, sore throat, runny nose, red throat, strawberry tongue, enlarged tonsils no exudate, swollen LN in neck, blanching macular red rash over trunk/back/upper/lower limbs = ? dx
how to treat?

A

scarlet fever

phenoxymethylpenicillin

37
Q

prescribing opioids:

If pt has poor renal function, what may be considered?

A

oxycodone

avoidmorphine in renal impairment

38
Q

what medications exhibit anti-cholinergic activity?

A 
antidepressants
antipsychotics
anti-emetics
anti-histamines
benzodiazepines

when prescribed tgt: may contribute to confusion, cog impairment, falls

39
Q

meds that cause hyperglycaemia

A 
steroids
2nd gen antipsychotics e.g. olanzapine
tacrolimus
BB
thiazides
40
Q

meds that cause hypontraemia

A

SSRI e.g. citalopram, fluoxetine
carbamazepine
PPI

41
Q

meds that cause long QTc

A

F: <70
M: <470
antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-emetics
BB, anti-arrhythmics: flecainide (Na), amiodarone (K+)
some abx: cipro, erythro

42
Q

what drugs need to be stopped befor surgery?

A 
COCP, HRT
lithium
K+ sparing diuretics, ACEi
anticoag, antiplatelets
oral hypoglycaemic drugs, insulin
43
Q 
sodium valproate
isoniazid
cimetidine
ketoconazole
fluconazole
alcohol: binge
chloramphenicol 
erythromycin
sulphonamides: e.g. sulfasalazine
ciprofloxacin
omeprazole
metronidazole 
allopurinol
disulfiram

enzyme inhib or inducers?

A

CYP450 enzyme inhibitors: increase e.g. warfarin activity

44
Q 
st john's wort
carbamazepine
rifampicin
alcohol: chronic
phenytoin
phenobarbitone
sulphonylureas

enzyme inhib or inducers?

A

CYP450 enzyme inducers: decrease e.g. warfarin activity

45
Q

what common drugs interact with lithium and can cause toxicity?

A

ACEi
diuretic: thiazide; spirinolactone better diuretic with lithium
NSAID

46
Q

drugs causing hyponatraemia

A

SSRI: citalopram, fluoxetine
PPI
carbamazepine

47
Q

what abx to use for CAP if allergic to amox?

A

clari or erythromycin

48
Q

what abx to use for HAP?

A

Within 5 days of admission: co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
More than 5 days after admission: piperacillin with tazobactam OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

49
Q

Treatment of C diff: 1st line, 2nd line:

A

metronidazole

then vancomycin

50
Q

what to give in neuroleptic malignant syndomr?

A

Dopamine agonist: bromocriptine, dantrolene

51
Q

what to give in serotonin syndrome?

A

serotonin antag: cyproheptadine, chlorpromazine

benzo, ivf…

52
Q

Tx of EPSE (e.g. haloperidol), oculogyric crisis, acute dystnonic rxn

A

procyclidine

53
Q

tx for mod - severe tardive dyskinesia

A

tetrabenazine

contraindic: depression, HD

54
Q

what’s the value of lithium where it becomes fatal?

A

> 1.5mmol

0.4-1

Finals (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions