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Language Development > Preschoolers > Flashcards

Preschoolers Flashcards

1
Q

Free morphemes

A

can carry morpheme can carry meaning on its own and does not require a prefix or suffix to give it meaning

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2
Q

Derivational morphemes

A

Morphemes combine with a limited subgroup of free morphemes or with derivational morphemes to create a “new” word or change the meaning of a word or change the form-class of a word

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3
Q

Inflectional morphemes

A

morphemes create a variant form of a word in order to signal grammatical information without changing the meanings of words.

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4
Q

Under-segment

A

the child does not break the word or phrase into enough morphemes

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5
Q

contextualized language

A

related to immediate context;

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6
Q

Decontextualized language

A

related to objects, experiences, or ideas that are not in the immediate context. May be related to a previous experience related to the current experience.

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7
Q

slow mapping

A

refining understanding and use of new words w/ repeated exposures in various contexts

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8
Q

1 stage of learning a word (Dale)

A
  1. No knowledge of the word
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9
Q

2 stage of learning a word (Dale)

A
  1. Emergent knowledge = Heard it before but doesn’t know what it means
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10
Q

3 stage of learning a word (Dale)

A
  1. Contextual knowledge = recognizing the word in context
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11
Q

4 stage of learning a word (Dale)

A
  1. Full knowledge = knows the word with or without context (extended mapping)
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12
Q

What are Dale’s 4 stages of learning a word?

A
  1. No knowledge of the word
  2. Emergent knowledge
  3. Contextual knowledge
  4. Full knowledge
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13
Q

Deictic

A

depend on location of a
speaker and listener; here, this, there,
that

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14
Q

Interrogatives

A

words for questions:
what, where, who, which, etc

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15
Q

Temporal

A

words related to order of
events; before, after, since, until

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16
Q

Locational Prepositions

A

describe
spatial relations; under, next to, on

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17
Q

Theory of Mind

A

The ability to understand one’s own mental or emotional state and understand how one’s actions effects other’s emotions.

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18
Q

False belief

A

Something can be true but someone might believe something different (theory of mind)

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19
Q

Narrative

A

Spoken or written description of a real or fictional event

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20
Q

Around what age do true narratives develop?

A

about 4

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21
Q

Sub-lexical Level Literacy

A

-Alphabetic Principle
-Print Concepts
-Phonological awareness
-Oral Language

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22
Q

Lexical Level Literacy

A

-Decoding (phonics)
-Multisyllabic word reading

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23
Q

Discourse Level Literacy

A

-Reading comprehension
-Spelling and writing
-vocabulary
-fluency

24
Q

When does Emergent Literacy take place

A

-Develops from birth and goes through kindergarten
-Before formal education in reading

25
Q

Literacy Artifacts

A

Tangible items associated with reading and writing:
-Books
-digital devices with written content
-pencils/crayons
-paper
-signs
-labels

26
Q

Literacy Events

A

-Interactions or activities where literacy is the focus
-Helps them understand how written language works and connects to spoken language

27
Q

Literacy Knowledge

A

Refers to understanding and awareness of the various components of literacy that children acquire over time

28
Q

Emergent Literacy

A

Includes precursor skills/knowledge that are necessary for children to later develop formal reading skills

29
Q

Print Concept Knowledge

A

Conventions= organization of print
Functions= carries meaning
Uses= reading & writing (grocery list, signs)

30
Q

Phonological Awareness
(Phonemic Awareness)

A

Sensitivity to and manipulation of units of sound

31
Q

Examples of Phonological Awareness

A

Deletion
Blending
Segmenting
Counting
Substitution

32
Q

Oral Language

A

Receptive and Expressive Language
Vocabulary Knowledge

33
Q

How can adults facilitate emergent literacy skills?

A

-Point out environmental print and letters
-Have various literacy opportunities available
-Participate in regular shared readings
-Use interactive shared book reading strategies
-Sing songs, nursery rhymes, finger plays
-Provide opportunities to scribble & draw

34
Q

Phonological Processes

A

Patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify words while they are building speech and language skills

35
Q

What are the 3 categories of phonological processes?

A

Substitution
Assimilation
Syllable Structure

36
Q

Substitution

A

Substituting one sound for another to make the production of a word easier
“weed”=read

37
Q

Assimilation

A

Sounds change related to one sound or syllable influencing the other sound or syllable within a word
“dod”=dog

38
Q

Syllable structure

A

sound changes that result in sounds or syllables being reduced, deleted, or repeated
“bah-fly” = butterfly

39
Q

Fronting (type of substitution)

A

When velar or palatal sounds like /k/ /g/ and sh are substituted with alveolar sounds like /t/ /d/ and /s/

40
Q

gliding (substitution)

A

when /r/ becomes and /w/ and /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound

41
Q

stopping (substitution)

A

when a fricative (like /f/ or /s/) or affricate (ch,j) is substituted with a stop consonant like /p/ or /d/

42
Q

vowelization (substitution)

A

When the /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel

43
Q

Deaffrication (subsitution)

A

When an affricate like ch or j is replaced with a fricative or stop like sh or /d/

44
Q

Cluster Reduction (syllable structure)

A

When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant

45
Q

Final consonant Deletion (syllable structure)

A

when the final consonant is a word is left off

46
Q

Epenthesis (syllable structure)

A

when a sound is added between two consonants typically the uh sound

47
Q

When do most child eliminate their use of phonological processes?

A

5-6 years of age (usually at the end of preschool and the beginning or kindergarten)

48
Q

Phrase

A

2 or more words include a subject or verb “big boy”

49
Q

Clause

A

2 or more words with a subject and verb “big boy eat”

50
Q

Sentence

A

clause that is structurally complete

51
Q

simple sentences

A

a sentence with only one clause with a subject and verb; a complete thought

52
Q

Complex sentence

A

consist of an independent clause with a dependent clause

53
Q

Compound sentences

A

two basic sentences linked together by a conjunction

54
Q

copulas

A

“linking verbs”; links subject to an adjective or noun

55
Q

Auxiliaries

A

“helping verbs” accompanies a main verb; add grammatical meaning

Language Development (3 decks)

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