Prepositions Flashcards
Accusative Prepositions
(FUBDOG)
Für (for)
Um (at, around)
Bis (by, to, until, up to)
Durch (through)
Ohne (without)
Gegen (against )
Für (for)
Diese Blumen sind für dich (these flowers are for you)
Um (at, around)
Um Mitternacht (at midnight)
Bis (by, to, until, up to)
Bis nächste Woche (until next week)
Durch (through)
Ohne (without)
Ohne Wasser (without water)
Gegen (against )
Ignore for now (for future learning)…
across Wir gehen durch das Tor We’re walking through the gate
Entlang along, down Sie fährt die Straße entlang She drives down the street
Gegen against, for gegen die Mauer against the wall
Dative Prepositions
(VZMAN)
Von (from, of)
Zu (to)
Mit (with)
Aus (from, out of)
Nach (after, to)
Two-Way Prepositions
Provide definition and list them
Two way prepositions are location based prepositions (at, on, in, under, over, in front of, behind, next to, between) that take either a dative or accusative case depending on whether the context is:
Either Location or direction of a fixed location
- which takes the dative case
Or actual movement towards a location.
- which takes the accusative case
Two-way prepositions include:
- in (in/into)
- an (at/on)
- auf (on/onto)
- hinter (behind)
- neben (next to)
- über (over/above)
- unter (under)
- vor (in front of)
- zwischen (between)
Das kind lauft hinter den Tisch
Das Kind ist unter dem Tisch
Easy!
What prepositions are used with time
um, im, am, von, ab
um (at): At what time
- Der Zug kommt um funzehn Uhr.
im (in) : In what Month or season
- Es ist kalt im Winter
am (on): On a day or weekend
- Ich kann am Montag nicht arbeiten
von…bis (From…until): From 9 until 5
Das Museum ist von neun bis fünf Uhr geöffnet
ab (at): At a point of time / when something starts but you don‘t know how long it goes on for.
Ich arbeite ab drei
Which Prepositions to use when indicating movement towards something?
The difference between “zu” and “nach” in German lies primarily in their usage and meanings:”Zu”:”Zu” generally indicates movement towards a specific location or destination.It can also be used to express going to someone’s house or going to a specific point or place.”Zu” can also mean “to” or “towards” in English.Example: “Ich gehe zu meinem Freund.” (I am going to my friend’s.)”Nach”:”Nach” generally indicates movement towards a larger geographical area, a city, country, or region.It’s often used to express going to cities, countries, or places that are considered destinations or points on a map.”Nach” can also mean “after” or “according to” in certain contexts.Example: “Ich fliege nach Deutschland.” (I am flying to Germany.)In summary, while both “zu” and “nach” can indicate movement towards a place, “zu” is more specific and typically refers to a particular location or point, while “nach” is more general and often refers to larger destinations such as cities or countries.
Yes, both “zu” and “nach” can be used as two-way prepositions, meaning they can take either the dative case or the accusative case, depending on the context of the sentence.”Zu”:When indicating movement towards a location without a change in location, “zu” takes the dative case.When indicating movement towards a specific location with a change in location, “zu” takes the accusative case.Examples:Dative: “Ich gehe zu meinem Freund.” (I am going to my friend’s.)Accusative: “Ich gehe zu meinem Freund ins Haus.” (I am going to my friend’s house.)”Nach”:”Nach” usually takes the dative case when referring to movement towards a location, especially geographical locations like cities or countries.However, when used to indicate direction without a change of location, it takes the accusative case.Example:Dative: “Ich fliege nach Deutschland.” (I am flying to Germany.)Accusative: “Ich gehe nach Hause.” (I am going home.)So, while both “zu” and “nach” primarily take the dative case, they can also take the accusative case in specific contexts.
Until
- Tomorrow I sleep until 10am
- See you tomorrow
Bis
(accusative)
- Morgen ich schlafe bis zehn Uhr
- Bis Morgen
From
- I come (out of) the supermarket
- I come from the doctor
- I come from Germany
Aus is used when something is contained within something…
- Emphasis “space”, “out of”
- Example: Aus dem supermarkt
- Example: Ich komme aus Deutschland (Always from countries)
Von is used when coming from from people, institutions…
- Ich komme vom Arzt
- Ich komme vom Supermarkt
In
- I live in Paris
In
- Ich lebe in Paris
- Du bist in Deutschland
Used when referring to or going **inside* something (i.e. something that has a recognizable boundary). Could be country, a building, department store, school, etc. If you are just going “to” something, use “zu” or “nach”.
Two-way
Use Accusative case if you are referring to movement or direction.
Use Dative case if you are referring to location or position.
- Ich gehe in den Supermarkt (acc.)
- Ich bin im (in dem) Supermarkt (dat.)
In the {preposition + dative article}
- In Summer
- In December
- In [the year] 1648
- In (at) the theater, café
- In [the] bed
- In the Forrest
Im {=In dem}
- Im Sommer
- Im December
- Im Jahre 1648
- Im Theater, Café
- Im Bett
- Im Wald
From
- The museum ist open from two
Von
- Das Museum ist von zwei geöffnet
Too
- It is too large
Zu (dative)
- Es ist zu groß
For
What case does it take?
- It is for the bear
- I am looking for the cat
- It is for the fever
Für
Für takes the accusative case
- Es ist für den Bär
- Ich suche für **die* Katze
- Es ist für das Fieber
At
- At two o’clock
Um
- Um zwei Uhr
Um takes the accusative case
Around
- We sit around the table
Um
- Wir sitzt um den tisch
Um takes the accusative case
With
- Chicken with rice
Mit
- Hähnchen mit reis
Dative Case
- Ich spiele mit meinem Vater
- Ich spiele mit meinen Mutter
