Prepositional phrase Flashcards
What are prepositions?
Are a closed class of items connecting two units in a sentence and specifying a relationship between them
what is a prepositional phrase?
is a grammatical unit consisting of a preposition complemented by a noun, noun phrase or nominal clause
what are deferred or stranded prepositions?
This is a preposition which is not followed by its complement
Prepositions cannot have as complements..
that clauses and infinitive clauses
Complements of preposition are
Noun NP Nominal clause non finite ing clause and wh nominal clause
Circumstances in which prepositions are deferred
Where the subject of a passive construction corresponds to the prepositional complement of the active analogue
where the prepositional complement is thematized in sentences with infinitives or ing clauses
when deferment is optional?
Depends on stylistic preference .where the prepositional complement is an interrogative pronoun.
where the prepositional complement is a pronoun,
when deferment is disallowed?
with some simple prepositions such as through and complex ones because of, in addition to
prepositional adverbs
Resemble deferred prepositions,but unlike them,they are never unstressed
simple prepositions
consist of monosyllabic items such as at,for,in,on,to with typically unstressed.Also, POLYSYLLABIC prepositions formed historically from monosyllabic ones or derived from participles or adopted from other languages
Complex prepositions
is the combination of prepositions with other words
how are complex prepositions formed?
- a simple preposition preceded by a participle, adjective, adverb or conjunction :owing to.
- a simple preposition followed by a noun and then a further simple preposition:in charge of .
What about foreign prepositions?
they are not thoroughly acclimatized in general use: qua,re,vis-a vis ,a propos.
which are quasi prepositions?
near to than as.
which 2 linguistic units THAN can be?
than as conjunction with or without preposition and a preposition.
what prepositions ending in of admit?
alternative genitive constructions
for the sake of the family-for the family’s sake.
Dimension type 0 (POINT) consists of-…
TO AT AWAY FROM
DIMENSION TYPE 1 OR 2 (LINE OR SURFACE) CONSISTS OF
On on off off
Dimension type 2 or 3 (area or volume) consists of
in in out of out of
How are prepositions analized?
1º are contrasted as positive or negative .secondly, prepositions distinguish between destination (movement with respect to an intended location) and position (static location) THIRDLY distinguish three dimension type.
which is the meaning of the prep against ?
contiguity with a side surface
Relative position
Many prepositions indicate the position of something relative to the position of something else
what is the meaning of ON TOP OF
it combines the sense of above with abutment.
abutment is implied with?
By,beside and with
Close and near
Exclude actual contact and admit comparative inflection
Between vs among
Between: we relate two objects or groups of objects
Among:Dealing with a more general plurality
Under
can be a preposition of relative direction and destination
Passage
It combines position and motion
Which are the prepositions commonly used for passage?
By,over,under,across and past.
Prepositions that can convey motion or direction can be used also to express
the static resultative meaning of having reached the destination.example:The horse has successfully jumped across the gap
which prepositions express Pervasive meaning?
especially when preceded by all and right prepositions such as over a(round) and through
What is the meaning of “in some difficulty”
is the use of metaphorical extension with spatial preposition
the cow is in calf is an example of
converse relationship
Ambiguity in the phrase HE´LL DO IT IN THREE DAYS
1-DURATION “HELL TAKE THREE DAYS TO DO IT”
2-POINT “HELL DO IT THREE DAYS FROM NOW”
Difference between from..to and from..through
From … to is chiefly Britain and means that period x and y are both included,there can be uncertainty .
From ..through Is Ame and is inclusive.
which are the prepositions specifying only a starting point or a terminal point?
by,before,from,after,since ,till,until ,up to
