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syntax > NP > Flashcards

NP Flashcards

1
Q

which are the three component of the Noun phrases

A

the head: around which the other components cluster and which dictates concord and other kinds of congruence
the premodification:items placed before the head
the post modification:items placed after the head

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2
Q

RESTRICTIVE modification

A

: the head can be viewed as a member of a class which can be linguistically identified only through the modification that has been supplied.

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3
Q

NON-RESTRICTIVE MODIFICATION

A

the head can be viewed as unique or as a member of a class that has been independently identified,any modification given to such a head is additional information which is not essential for identifying the head

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4
Q

Permanent modification

A

items placed in premodification are given the status of permanent

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5
Q

temporary reference

A

those adjectives which cannot premodify have a notably temporary reference

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6
Q

Reason for preferring the of phrase to the s genitive?

A

to avoid discontinuity

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7
Q

Group genitive enables to

A

postpose s inflection and avoid sequential of phrases.

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8
Q

a special type of multiple modification that requires careful ordering occurs when

A

The modifying clause becomes itself embedded in a clause

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9
Q

When a relative pronoun is subject

A

the conjunction THAT must be omitted

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10
Q

it is “the smiles of delight on all the faces that he liked” ambiguous?

A

was it the smiles or the faces that he liked?

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11
Q

two or more noun phrases are in apposition when

A

they have identity of reference

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12
Q

The appositives may be

A

juxtaposed ,separated without formal expression of their relationship , indicated by a conjunction or by forms such a THAT IS and NAMELY

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13
Q

apposition may be expressed by

A

that clauses ,by non finite clauses and by prepositional phrases.Also by my friend Anna the year 2000 . Titles and designations are restrictive apposition.
Appositives need not be noun phrases
References to words,book “ the word geese”

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14
Q

Postmodification by Prepositional Phrase

A

it is the commonest type of post. Including the complex prepositions and including those having participial form.

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15
Q

it is natural to relate such prepositional postmodification to

A

sentences or relative clauses with be

the man in the corner-The man is in the corner

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16
Q

Stative verbs which cannot have the progressive in the finite verb phrase can appear in

A

Participial form.

he is talking to a girl resembling Joan

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17
Q

in -ing participle clauses, the antecedent head corresponds to …

A

the implicit subject of the non finite verb clause

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18
Q

There is no nonfinite postmodifier corresponding directly to the relative clause in

A

the obituary that the man is writing will be published tomorrow. instead, (the obituary being written by )

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19
Q

the train which has arrived at platform one is from york

*the train arrived at platform one is from york

A

with intransitive verbs, there is no ed postmodifier corresponding exactly to a relative clause

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20
Q

in infinitive clauses the subject of a infinitive clause need not to

A

be the antecedent .It may be separately introduced by the for device or entirely covert.

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21
Q

meaning of the man to consult is Wilson

A

the man that YOU/HE should consult, or that everyone should consult.

22
Q

The loose non-restrictive relationship is often semantically indistinguishable from

A

coordination or adverbial subordination.

23
Q

types of premodification

A

adjective,participle,s genitive,noun ,adverbial,sentence

24
Q

i dont know how many people ambiguity

A

having a sentence as premodifier or as being an object

25
Q

his cottage which is so beautiful

his so beautiful cottage

A

some intensifiers are avoided with premodifying adjectives.

26
Q

a cottage which is so beautiful- such a beautiful cottage

A

with indefinite determiners, so would be replaced by such

27
Q

so beautiful a cottage

A

so plus adjective would be placed before the determiner

28
Q

the not very pleasant/unpleasant dinner

A

there is resistance to transferring clause negation to a structure of premodification . This is possible only in limited circumstances
not plus intensifier or negative affix

29
Q

premodification by ing participles

A

depends on the potentiality of the participle to indicate a permanent or characteristic feature

30
Q

He greeted me with a reassuring expression

A

Concerned with the contextual meaning .The man himself cannot have shock or surprise attributed permanently to him ,but a particular look can be permanently associated with such a value..

31
Q

*who is the wandering man?

A

a wandering minstrel is one habitually given to wandering

32
Q

Definite and indefinite article IN ING PARTICIPLE

A

Df: specific and temporal Ind: habitual permanent

33
Q

A proposal offending many member- the offending proposal

A

After an indefinite head has been potmodified by an ing clause, the ing participle can premodify the same head plus an article.

34
Q

The beginning student should be given every encouragement

A

the definite article may evoke the same generality and permanence as the indefinite.

35
Q

The immigrant who has arrived * the arrived immigrant

A

the active ed participle is rarely used in premodification
exceptions: the vanished treasure, the retired immigrant
when the active participle is adverbially modified: the newly arrived immigrant

36
Q

is LOST PURSE gramatical correct?

A

It is correct because although after it has been retrieved is no longer regarded as lost ,the purse is regarded as lost through the period of disappearance.

37
Q

is LOST PURSE grammatical correct?

A

It is correct because although after it has been retrieved is no longer regarded as lost ,the purse is regarded as lost through the period of disappearance.

38
Q

the vaulted roof,the flauted pillar a wooded hillside are participle?

A

they are directly formed from nouns

39
Q

*a powered engine * a haired child * legged man

A

expresses semantic redundancy

40
Q

Ambiguity in A FISHERMAN´S COTTAGE

A

1-the cottage belongs to a fisherman or belonged to a fisherman (or resembles the house of a fisherman)

41
Q

These French women’s clothing
these women´s french clothing
this French women´s clothing

A

the clothing of these French women
the French clothing of these women
French clothing belonging to women

42
Q

an old’s man bicycle is ambiguous?

A

1-the bicycle belongs to an old man or the old bicycle is designed for man

43
Q

The leg of the trousers-the trouser leg

A

Plural nouns become singular, even those that otherwise have no singular form.

44
Q

The girl in the corner - the corner girl

A

The relative impermanence of the modification

45
Q

Multiple premodification

A

with single head, multiple head, with modifier modified

46
Q

His last brilliant book, his brilliant last book

A

single head.1. of several brilliant books, we’re speaking only of his last one. 2- his last book was brilliant, without commitment to whether any of the others were.

47
Q

His handsome but scarred face

A

When coordinated modifiers relate to properties that are normally thought to conflict, the coordinator will probably not be and.

48
Q

The house property tax office furniture

A

multiple premodification.Modified modifier .
the Noun premodifier can be itself premodified by either an adjective or noun,if the latter this can in turn be similarly premodified.

49
Q

Order of adjectives in English

A

Determiner -General-age-colour-participle-provenance-noun-denominal-head

50
Q

what happens when two nouns premodify ?

A

the one which corresponds to head as object to verb will follow one relating to material or agency. The cigarette gas lighter- a cardboard detergent carton

51
Q

Youll meet a man TOMORROW carrying a heavy parcel

A

Discontinuous modification-t is not uncommon for a NP to be interrupted by other items of clause structure

syntax (4 decks)

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