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Maternal and Child Health Nursing > Preparation for Labor > Flashcards

Preparation for Labor Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the preliminary signs of Labor?

A

Lightening
Slight loss of weight
Backache
Excess energy
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Ripening of the Cervix

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2
Q

Lightening occurs approximately _____ before labor begins

A

10-14 days

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3
Q

Lightening gives the woman relief from the ________ and ________

A

diaphragmatic pressure
shortness of breath

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4
Q

This increase in urine production can lead to weight loss between ______ lbs

A

1-3 lbs

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5
Q

This increase in activity is related to a boost in ______ release, which is initiated by a decrease in progesterone production by the placenta

A

epinephrine

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6
Q

What are the signs of True Labor?

A

Uterine Contractions
Show
Rupture of membrane

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7
Q

true labor contractions begin in the back and sweep forward across the abdomen similar to the tightening of a rubber band.

A

Uterine Contractions

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8
Q

as the cervix softens and ripens, the _____ that filled the cervical canal during the pregnancy is expelled.

A

mucus plug

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9
Q

The exposed cervical capillaries seep blood as a result of pressure exerted by the fetus. This blood, mixed with mucus, takes on a pink tinge and is referred to as ______

A

show or bloody show

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10
Q

A woman should telephone her healthcare provider immediately when her membranes rupture as two risk are associated with ruptured membranes:
1.
2.

A
  1. intrauterine infection
  2. prolapse of the umbilical cord
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11
Q

works together with prostaglandins to initiate contractions

A

oxytocin

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12
Q

What are the components of labor?
4Ps

A

Passage
Passenger
Power
Psyche

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13
Q

The cranium, the uppermost portion of the skull is composed of eight bones. What are these?

A

4 SUPERIOR bones
1. frontal
2. 2 parietal
3. occipital

4 bones of the skull
1. sphenoid
2. ethmoid
3. 2 temporal bones

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14
Q

are the bones important in childbirth.

A

four superior bones

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15
Q

Biparietal or transverse diameter

A

9.5 cm

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16
Q

Suboccipitobregmatic measurement(smallest AP diameter)

A

9.5 cm

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17
Q

Occipitofrontal diameter

A

12 cm

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18
Q

Occipitomental diameter

A

13.5 cm

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19
Q

spaces compress during childbirth to aid in molding of the fetal head.

A

fontanelles

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20
Q

is overlapping of skull bones along the suture lines which causes a change in the shape of the fetal skull to one long and narrow, a shape that facilitates passage through the rigid pelvis.

A

molding

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21
Q

describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor or the relation of the fetal parts to each other

A

fetal attitude

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22
Q

when a fetus is in complete flexion:
the spinal column is bowed forward,
the head is flexed forward so much that the chin touches the sternum,
the arms are flexed and folded on the chest, the thighs are flexed onto the abdomen
the calves are pressed against the posterior aspect of the thighs.

A

Good fetal attitude

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23
Q

Fetus is in _______ if the chin is not touching the chest but is in an alert or military position

A

moderate flexion

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24
Q

Fetus in _______ presents the “brow” of the head to the birth canal

A

partial extension

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25
Q

Fetus in _________ , the back is arched and the neck is extended, presenting the occipitomental diameter of the head to the birth canal (face presentation).

A

complete extension

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26
Q

is the relationship between the long (cephalocaudal) axis of the fetal body and the long axis of a woman’s body- in other words, whether the fetus is lying in a horizontal lie (transverse) or vertical (longitudinal) position.

A

fetal lie

27
Q

What are the three fetal presentation?

A

Cephalic
Breech
Shoulder

28
Q

the most frequent type of presentation, occurring as often as 96% of the tie, the fetal head is the body part that comes first contacts the cervix.

A

Cephalic Presentation

29
Q

What are the four types of cephalic presentation?

A

a. vertex
b. brow (military position)
c. face
d. mentum (chin)

30
Q

means either the buttocks or the feet are the first body parts that will contact the cervix.

A

breech presentation

31
Q

What are the three types of breech presentation?

A

complete breech
frank breech
footling

32
Q

the fetus has the thighs tightly flexed on the abdomen; both the buttocks and the tightly flexed feet present to the cervix

A

complete breech

33
Q

attitude is moderate because the hips are flexed, but the knees are extended to rest on the chest. The buttocks alone present to the cervix.

A

frank breech

34
Q

neither the thighs nor lower legs are flexed. If one foot presents, it is a single-footling breech, if both present, it is a double-footling breech.

A

footling

35
Q

A fetus lies horizontally in the pelvis so the longest fetal axis is perpendicular to that of the mother.

A

shoulder presentation

36
Q

The presenting part of the shoulder presentation is usually _____

A

acromion process
iliac crest
hand or elbow

37
Q

Is the relationship of the presenting part to a specific quadrant and side of a woman’s pelvis.

A

fetal position

38
Q

Maternal pelvis is divided into 4 quadrants

A
  1. right anterior
  2. left anterior
  3. right posterior
  4. left posterior
39
Q

refers to the settling of the presenting part of a fetus far enough into the pelvis that it rests at the level of the ischial spine. , the midpoint of the pelvis.

A

engagement

40
Q

A presenting part that is not engaged is said to be

A

floating

41
Q

One that is descending but has not yet reached the ischial spines may be referred to as

A

dipping

42
Q

Refers to the relationship of the presenting part of the fetus to the level of the ischial spines

A

station

43
Q

0 station

A

ischial spine

44
Q

above the spine station

A

-1 to -4 cm

45
Q

below the ischial spine station

A

+1 to +4 cm

46
Q

At what station the presenting part is at the perineum and can be seen if the vulva is separated (it is crowning)?

A

+3 or +4

47
Q

Cardinal Movements of labor

A

Descent
Flexion
Internal Rotation
Extension
External Rotation
Expulsion

48
Q

is shortening and thinning of the cervical canal.

A

Effacement

49
Q

enlargement or widening of the cervical canal from an opening a few millimeters wide to one large enough to permit passage of a fetus.

A

Dilatation

50
Q

takes (begins with the initiation of true labor contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated). It is 12 hours to complete.

A

First stage of Labor

51
Q

What are the three phases of first stage of labor?

A

latent phase
active phase
transition phase

52
Q

begins at the onset of regularly perceived uterine contractions and ends when rapid cervical dilatation begins.

A

latent phase

53
Q

Contractions during latent phase are ______, lasting ______

A

mild and short
lasting 20-40 seconds

54
Q

Cervical effacement occurs and the cervix dilates minimally (1-3 cm).

A

Latent phase

55
Q

cervical dilatation (4-7cm) occurs more rapidly. Contractions grow stronger, lasting 40 to 60 seconds, and occur approximately every 3-5 minutes. Show (increased vaginal secretions) and perhaps spontaneous rupture of the membranes may occur during this time

A

active phase

56
Q

is the time span from full dilatation and cervical effacement to birth of the infant.

A

second stage

57
Q

the fetus begins descent and as the fetal head touches the internal perineum to begin internal rotation, her perineum begins to bulge and appear tense.

A

second stage

58
Q

opens and the fetal scalp appears at the opening to the vagina and enlarges from the size of a dime to a quarter, then a half-dollar.

A

crowning

59
Q

the placental stage begins with the birth of the infant and ends with the delivery of the placenta.

A

Third stage

60
Q

two separate phases are involved in the third stage

A

placental separation
placental expulsion

61
Q

What are the signs of placental separation?

A

Lengthening of the cord
Sudden gush of vaginal blood occurs
Placenta is visible at the vaginal opening
uterus contracts and feels firm

62
Q

if the placenta separates first at its center and lastly at its edges, it tends to folds on itself like an umbrella and presents at the vaginal opening with the fetal surface evident.

A

Schultze presentation

63
Q

if the placenta separates first at its edges, it slides along the uterine surface and presents at the vagina with the maternal surface evident.

A

Duncan Presentation

Maternal and Child Health Nursing (8 decks)

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