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Maternal and Child Health Nursing > Menstruation > Flashcards

Menstruation Flashcards

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1
Q

is episodic uterine bleeding in response to cyclic hormonal changes

A

menstrual cycle

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2
Q

What are the purposes of menstrual cycle?

A
  • to bring an ovum to maturity
  • renew a uterine tissue bed that will be necessary for the ova’s growth should it be fertilized
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3
Q

average length of menstrual cycle is ____
can be as short as ____
or long as _____

A
  1. 28 days
  2. 23 days
  3. 35 days
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4
Q

normal, regular menstruation that lasts for few days

A

eumenorrhea

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5
Q

the first menstruation.

an event that signifies the end of puberty and the beginning of the reproductive years of woman

A

menarche

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6
Q

The first menstrual cycle are usually ____, _____ , and _____

A

anovulation
painless
irregular

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7
Q

infrequent or irregular ovulation

A

oligoovulation

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8
Q

absence of ovulation

A

anovulation

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9
Q

very little flow (less than 10 ml)

A

Hypomenorrhea

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10
Q

regular cycles with intervals of 21 days or fewer

A

polymenorrhea

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11
Q

irregular uterine bleeding; usually occurs between regular menstrual period

A

Metrorrhagia

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12
Q

abnormal uterine bleeding

A

menometrorrhagia

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13
Q

is the absence of menstruation
often defined as missing one or more menstrual periods

A

amenorrhea

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14
Q

is the medical term in infrequent menstrual periods (fewer than 76-80 periods in a year)

A

oligomenorrhea

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15
Q

is characterized by the recurrence of painful cramps during menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

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16
Q

The cramps during dysmenorrhea is caused by?

A

uterine contractions

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17
Q

average onset of menstruation ___
average range ___

A
  1. 12.4
  2. 9-17 yrs
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18
Q

what is the odor of menstruation?

A

similar to marigolds

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19
Q

average amount of menstrual flow

A

30-80 ml

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20
Q

average menstrual flow

A

4-6 days
2-9 days is normal

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21
Q

What hormone in the hypothalamus initiates the menstrual cycle?

A

GnRH

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22
Q

GnRH instructs the anterior pituitary gland to make these two hormones which are

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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23
Q

a hormone active early in the cycle that is responsible for maturation of the ovum

A

FSH

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24
Q

a hormone responsible for ovulation

stimulates growth of the uterine lining during the second half of the menstrual cycle.

A

LH or Luteinizing hormone

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25
Q

FSH and LH are called _____ because they cause the growth of the gonads

A

gonadotropic hormones

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26
Q

In day 14, the ovum has divided by mitotic division into two separate bodies:
1.
2.

A

primary oocyte (bulk of cytoplasm)
secondary oocyte (little cytoplasm)

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27
Q

The process of ovum set free from the surface of the ovary is called ___

A

ovulation

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28
Q

a bright yellow fluid high in progesterone that is released by the follicle cells

A

lutein

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29
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Basal Body Temperature will drop slightly (0.5-1 degree fahrenheit) before the day of ovulation

A

TRUE

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30
Q

After the ovulation the basal body temperature rises to 1 degree fahrenheit due to

A

concentration of progesterone which is thermogenic

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31
Q

When there is a conception, the ovum proceeds down a fallopian tube and implants on the _____ of the uterus

A

endometrium

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32
Q

it remains throughout the major portion of the pregnancy

A

corpus luteum

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33
Q

If there is no conception, the ovum ___ after ___
and the corpus luteum remains only for ______ days

A

4 to 5 days
8-10 days

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34
Q

regressed corpus luteum is replaced by white fibrous tissue called

A

corpus albicans

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35
Q

What are the phases of menstrual cycle?

A

Proliferative
Secretory
Ischemic
Menses or menstrual flow

36
Q

This first half of menstrual cycle is interchangeably termed the

A

proliferative
estrogenic
follicular
postmenstrual phase

37
Q

In this phase the ovary begin to produce ____ (under the direction of the FSH)

the thickness of the endometrium increases as much as ___ from day 5 to 14

A

estrogen
eightfold

38
Q

The second phase of the menstrual cycle is termed

A

progestational
luteal
premenstrual
or secretory phase

39
Q

After the ovulation, the formation of ____ in the corpus luteum causes the glands of the uterine endometrium to become corkscrew or twisted in appearance and dilated with quantities of ___ and ___.

A

progesterone

glycogen and mucin

40
Q

When progesterone decreases, the endometrium of the:
-uterus begins to degenerate
-capillaries rupture
-endometrium slough off

A

ischemic phase

41
Q

is used to mark the beginning of a new menstrual cycle.

A

first day of menstrual flow

42
Q

The menstrual flow contains only ____ if it seems to be more, it is because of the accompanying ___ and _____

A

30-80 ml
mucus and endometrial shreds

43
Q

At the beginning of each cycle, the cervical mucus is _______ and ____

A

thick and scant

44
Q

at the time of ovulation, the cervical mucus becomes ___, ___, and ____

A

thin
stretchy (spinnbarkeit)
copious

45
Q

stretchy

A

spinnbarkeit

46
Q

an interesting property of a cervical mucus just before ovulation when estrogen levels are high is the ability to form fern like patters on a microscope slide

A

fern test

47
Q

The pattern in fern test is called

A

arborization or ferning

48
Q

At the height of estrogen secretion, another property of the cervical mucus is the ability to stretch into long strands, a contrast to its thick, viscous state when progesterone is the dominant hormone.

A

Spinnbarkeit test

49
Q

is a multidimensional phenomenon that includes feelings
attitude
actions

It has both biologic and cultural diversity components. It encompasses and gives direction to a person’s physical, emotional, social and intellectual responses throughout life.

A

sexuality

50
Q

occurs when physical and psychological stimulation (sight, sound, emotion, or thought) that causes ________ nerve stimulation.

A

excitement
parasympathetic

51
Q

During excitement period, there is
1.
2.
in the genital area. The resulting increased blood supply leads to ____ and increasing muscular tension.

A
  1. arterial dilation
  2. venous constriction
  3. vasocongestion
52
Q

is reached just before orgasm

A

plateau

53
Q

during plateau,
in women
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. clitoris is drawn forward and retract under the clitoral prepuce
  2. lower part of the vagina becomes extremely congested (orgasmic platform)
  3. increased breast nipple elevation
54
Q

in plateau phase, in men
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. vasocongestion leads to distension of the penis
  2. HR to 100-175 bpm
  3. RR of 40 cpm
55
Q

It is the shortest stage in the sexual response cycle

A

orgasm

56
Q

What is the average number of contractions for woman?

A

8-15 contractions at intervals of 1 every 0.8 seconds

57
Q

in male orgasm and contractions, what happens?

A
  1. surrounding the seminal vessels and prostate projects semen into the proximal urethra
58
Q

is a 30-minute period during which the external and internal genital organs return to an unaroused state.

A

Resolution

59
Q

are closely related to sexual orientation

A

sexual identity and sexual behavior

60
Q

referring to an individual’s conception of themselves

A

sexual identity

61
Q

referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual, and orientation referring to “fantasies, attachments and longing”.

A

sexual behavior

62
Q

refers how one thinks of oneself in terms of whom one is sexually and romantically attracted to.

A

sexual identity

63
Q

is the term used to chromosomal sexual development: male (XY) female (XX)

A

biological sex

64
Q

is the inner sense a person has to being male or female, which may be the same as or different from biologic gender.

A

gender identity

65
Q

refers to the behavior a person exhibits, which may or may not be the same as the person’s identity or sex assigned at birth

A

gender expression

66
Q

an enduring pattern of attraction, emotional, romantic, sexual or some combination of these to the opposite sex, the same sex or both sexes and the genders that accompany them

A

sexual orientation

67
Q

overlap with sexual orientation, but is distinguished in psychological research.

A

sexual preference

68
Q

if they achieve sexual satisfaction from both same-sex and heterosexual relationship.

A

bisexual

69
Q

is someone who finds sexual fulfillment with a member of the opposite gender.

A

heterosexual

70
Q

is someone who finds sexual fullfillment with a member of his or her own sex.

A

homosexual

71
Q

male identified individual’s who are sexually attracted to female partners.

A

gay

72
Q

female identified individuals who are sexually attracted

A

lesbian

73
Q

MSM

A

men who have sex with men

74
Q

WSW

A

woman who have sex with women

75
Q

when an individual feels their gender and their sex match.

A

cisgender

76
Q

when an individual feels theoir gender and their sex do not match

A

transgender

77
Q

is the realization one’s physical sex and gender are mismatched, which can cause a lot of stress and anxiety.

A

Gender dysphoria

78
Q

MTF

A

male to female transition; usually prefers female pronouns

79
Q

FTM

A

female to male transition

80
Q

MTF individuals ingest what hormones

A

estrogen and antiandrogens

81
Q

FTM ingests what hormones

A

testosterone

82
Q

surgical procedures to change body characteristics to match an individual’s gender identity.

A

Gender affirmation surgery

83
Q

sexual orientation is set in early childhood and perhaps in some individuals even earlier.

A

biological

84
Q

gay gene” being discovered ny scientist, although such has yet to be absolutely been proven. Many see such discovery as big possibility and that generics do help determine a person’s sexual orientation.

A

Genetic factors

85
Q

the environment and one’s living conditions while growing up help dictate his or her sexuality.

A

Psychological and social factors

86
Q

What are the factors affecting sexuality?

A

biological
genetic factors
psychological and social factors

87
Q

What are the human responsibility about sexuality?

A

1.Having the courage to get adequate sexual knowledge
2.Connecting our family values to sexual socialization and sexual behavior.
3.Protecting one another from abuse and exploitation
4.Valuing our ability to control our own sexual decision making
5.Creating respectful and mutually respectful and mutually satisfying relationships that also includes sex

Maternal and Child Health Nursing (8 decks)

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