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Hema > Preparation and Staining of Peripheral Blood Films > Flashcards

Preparation and Staining of Peripheral Blood Films Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral blood films can be made directly from

A

Skin puncture
Tube of EDTA-anticoagulated venous blood

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2
Q

Best choice for PBS

A

Anticoagulant-free blood

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3
Q

With a skin puncture, the phlebotomist must remember to

A

wipe away the first drop of blood

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4
Q

Some patients’ blood undergoes an in vitro phenomenon called __________ when anticoagulated with EDTA.

A

platelet satellitosis

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5
Q

Describe platelet satellitosis

A

The platelets surround or adhere to neutrophils

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6
Q

When platelet adhere to neutrophils it potentially causes

A

Pseudothrombocytopenia

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7
Q

Can result from EDTA induced platelet clumping

A

Low platelet counts
Falsely increased WBC count (pseudoleukocytosis)

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8
Q

Manual Blood Film Preperation

A

Coverslip method
Wedge type

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9
Q

grease free, square coverslip 22 sq.mm.
superior WBC distribution

A

Coverslip method

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10
Q

Coverslip method should use

A

Use of two 1x3 in glass slides

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11
Q

Demonstrate coverslip method

A

A drop of blood placed on the center of the lower slide,
then the top slide is placed on the blood drop so that the ends of the 2 slides overlap slighty. Then the 2 slides are pulled apart in a smooth, parallel motion.

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12
Q

Variations of the ______ are the most widely used for smear preparation.

A

wedge technique

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13
Q

Wedge type smear is termed as

A

Wedge, spreader-slide or push wedge

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14
Q

Automated Blood Film Preparation

A

Wedge (Push) Type
Centrifugal (Spinenr) Method
Automated Slide Makers/Stainers

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15
Q

Portable semi-automatic instrument that simulates the manual spreader-type technique

A

Wedge (Push) Type

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16
Q

Automated instruments that utilize centrifugation to spread a monolayer of whole blood on a 1x3 inch glass slide

A

Centrifugal (Spinner) Method

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17
Q

Smear preparation, stain, differential count report, platelet estimate, captures digital image, barcoding

A

Automated Slide Makers/Stainers

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18
Q

The film is _____________________ the length of the slide

A

two thirds to three fourths

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19
Q

The film is ___________, very slightly rounded at the
___________, not bullet shaped
o This provides the widest area for examination.

A

finger shaped
feather edge

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20
Q

The ________ of the film are visible.

A

lateral edges

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21
Q

The film is smooth with a gradual transition from

A

Thin to thick areas

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22
Q

The film is smooth without irregularities,

A

no waves, no holes, or streaks and no bubbles.

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23
Q

When the slide is held up to the light, the thin portion
(feather edge) of the film has a

A

“rainbow” appearance.

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24
Q

It should allow at least ___ low power fields in which ____ of
the RBCs do not overlap.

A

10, 50%

25
Q

How do we know that it is not the area for differential count?

A

Rouleaux formation is the linking of RBCs into chains resembling stacks of coins

26
Q

best area for starting differential leukocyte count

A

Monolayer (middle part)

27
Q

What is differential leukocyte count?

A

100 WBCs to be differentiated

28
Q

UNACCEPTABLE PERIPHERAL BLOOD FILMS

A

Chipped, rough edge
Hesitation in forward motion
Drop of blood too small
Dirt or grease on the slide (elevated lipids in blood specimen)

29
Q

The faster the smear

A

The shorter the smear

30
Q

More amount of blood in smear will produce

A

A thicker longer smear

31
Q

Widely used in diagnosis of blood parasites, particularly malaria (10x thickness of normal smears)

A

Thick Blood Smear

32
Q

Accepted thickness of thick blood smear

A

If you are able to read through the fine print of the newspaper

33
Q

Stains for thick blood smear

A

Giemsa Stain
Field’s Stain

34
Q

Stain for both thin and thick smears to examine blood for malarial parasite

A

Giemsa Stain

35
Q

What is it that you should not forget about giemsa? What makes it different from Wright’s when all are actually Romanowksy stain?

A

prepared by diluting Giemsa stain powder in a buffered bacteria., Giemsa is used for biological specimen like bacteria and parasite. Wrights Stain is used for non-blood specimen

36
Q

Histological method for staining thick blood smears for malarial parasites.

A

Field’s Stain

37
Q

corresponds to a drop of blood spread over a circle approx.

A

2 cm in diameter

38
Q

The blood smears are mostly done for

A

Differential Leukocyte Count

39
Q

Essentially all specimens received for routine testing in the hematology section of the laboratory have been collected in _________topped tubes.

A

Lavender (purple) topped tubes.

40
Q

Lavender topped tubes contain

A

Ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

41
Q

EDTA anti-coagulates the blood by

A

Chelating calcium that is essential for coagulation

42
Q

_______________ is often preferred to the powdered form because it mixes more easily with blood.

A

Liquid tripotassium EDTA

43
Q

why do we need to preserve the morphology of the RBCs and the amount of the analytes at the time of collection

A

To prevent unwanted changes that occurs when blood is collected from the body.
And in order for it to represent the exact conditions of the specimen at the time of collection

44
Q

Fixation and staining of smears is done using the ff.

A

3-5 mins absolute methyl or ethyl alcohol
1-2 mins formalin solution in 50% alcohol

45
Q

Principle of Staining

A

Acidic dyes unite with the basic components of the cell (cytoplasm) and conversely basic stains/dyes are attracted to and combine with the acidic parts of the nucleus (e.g. nucleic acids)

46
Q

First to use simple aniline dyes, first in sequence then pre-
mixed acidic-basic stains (neutral dyes) = triacid: orange g, acid fuchsin, methyl green

A

Ehrlich

47
Q

The precipitate formed after mixing eosin and methylene
blue has combined staining properties of the parent
dyestuffs

A

Jenner (1889)

48
Q

He said that this precipitate that formed has improved
staining capacity

A

Jenner (1889)

49
Q

Defined as a stain containing MB (methylene blue) and/or
its products of oxidation and a halogenated fluorescein dye
usually eosin;

A

Romanowsky (1890)

50
Q

The polychromed methylene blue has wider range of
staining capability
o It is able to stain

A

cell nuclei and platelet granules

51
Q

Most of the Romanowsky stains are prepared with _________ so that they act as a fixative as well as
the cellular stain.

A

Methyl alcohol (Methanol)

52
Q

There are 4 different types of Romanowsky stains
commonly used in Hematology laboratory for staining the
blood cells:

A

o Wright’s Stain
o Giemsa Stain
o Leishman Stain
o Field’s Stain

53
Q

Azure compounds with methylene blue and eosin,
aqueous stain
Best for inclusion bodies

A

Giemsa (1904)

54
Q

Giemsa In combination with Jenner or May Grunwald
stains it constitutes

A

“Panoptic stain”

55
Q

An_________ means it has no alcohol

A

accustain

56
Q

Constitutes combination of a Romanowsky stain
with another stain; such that it improves staining
of cytoplasmic granules and other bodies:
▪ Jenner-Giemsa
▪ May Grunwald-Giemsa

A

Panoptic Staining

57
Q

is a mixture of Methylene blue, and Eosin
dye, prepared in Alcohol medium and diluted with buffer or distilled water during staining procedure.

A

Leishman stain

58
Q

The Leishman stain is one of the best stains for routine
blood stain to stain the Peripheral blood smear for the
examinations of blood film under the microscope and is
satisfactory for malaria and other blood parasites.
o ___________ gives better results in parasitic
studies.

A

Leishman stain, Giemsa stain

59
Q

It stains the different components of blood in a
range of shades between red and blue.
• It is based on a methanolic mixture of “polychromed”
Methylene blue and eosin

A

Leishman stain

Hema (3 decks)

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