Intro Flashcards
Conversion of liquid blood into firm fibrin clot
Coagulation
A stage before the maturity of the rbc
Reticulocytes
Fluid portion of the blood and liquid portion of anti coagulated blood
Plasma
Proteins- abundant, highly varied in structure,
divided into 3 main functional classes
Coagulation proteins, Proteins with Immunologic Functions, Transport proteins
Formed elements/ Cellular Elements
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Play an important mechanism, being able to transport itself from the arteries, venules, and various vessels in the body’s circulation.
Erythrocytes (RBC)
RBC stains what color with Romonowsky stain
Pinkish
RBC when seen in lacerations it stains
Pale greenish yellow
Rbc appears red because of
Heme
a complex of globin, protoporphyrin and
iron that transports elemental oxygen
from the high partial pressure to low
partial pressure of environment.
Provided by the cytoplasm.
Hemoglobin
disappear 48 hrs after released from the
bone marrow.
Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
responsible for carrying O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the tissues via the hemoglobin (Hb) content in the cytoplasm.
RBC
Nucleus
Flexibility
Granules
Shape
Size
Life span
Color
Anucleated
Elastic
Agranular
Biconcave
6-9 micra in diameter
90-120 days
Red
Female normal values of RBC
4,000,000-5,500,000 per cubic mm
SI: 4.0 - 5.5 x 10^12/L
Male normal values RBC
4,500,000 - 6,000,000 per cubic mm
SI: 4.5 - 6.0 x 10^12/L
refers to the variation enzymes outside of
the approximate limits which is 6-9 micra in diameter.
Anisocytosis
best seen in megaloblastic anemia,
wherein the peripheral blood film is in abundance of
macrocytes.
Macrocytosis
best reflected in iron deficiency syndrome
Microcytosis
Cell is normal in size
Normocyte
Drops below the lower limit of normal size
Microcyte
Upper limit of normal size
Macrocyte
abnormality in shape. Used to describe the
condition in which there are major variations in the shape of
RBC normally from that of a biconcave
Poikilocytosis
Other abnormal shape of RBC
Teardrop cell, Spherocyte, Mexican hat cell
- Thick glass used in counting RBC
- Contains two rules area. Each side containing a
ruled area of large squares measuring 3mm of each
side 9 square mm in all
Neubauer Counting Chamber
below the lower limit of RBC
Erythrocytic
upper limit of RBC
Erythrocytosis
palor 1/3 of the total diameter of the cell
Normochromic
Central palor excess 1/3 of the cell
diameter. Associated with iron deficiency anemia.
Hypochromic
less palor at the center
Hyperchromic
protection against invading organisms through
either innate/nonspecific (phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils/PMNs) or specific/adaptive (production of antibodies
by lymphocytes)
Leukocytes/ WBC
Difference between WBC count and Differential Count
Explain
Normal values
PMN
57-65%
0.57 - 0.65
Normal values Monocytes
4-8%
0.04 - 0.08
Normal values Eosinophil
3-5%
0.03 - 0.05
Normal values Basophil
0-1%
0.0 - 0.01
Characteristics of WBC
Nucelus
Granules
Life span
Color
Nucleated
Granular & Agranular
13-20
Colorless
