prep Flashcards
1
Q
Germ theory
A
- Pasteur - 1861
- microbes in air caused decay, not other way round
- he proved germs were in air by showing closed flask of water stayed sterile and open one bred germs
2
Q
Great stink
A
- London - 1858
- waste in London drained into water sources (including Thames)
- in summer, heat caused water levels to drop and bacteria to grow in waste, leading to very bad smell
3
Q
What happened in the cholera epidemics
A
- reached Britain in 1831
- killed 21,000 by 1832
- spread by infected sewage getting into drinking water
- caused diarrhoea + often death from water loss
- recurred in 1948,53-54,65-66
4
Q
What happened with disease in 19th century
A
- Germ theory - 1861
- Koch found bacteria causing cholera, TB, sceptacaemia
- Pasteur helped developed vaccines for chicken cholera
- first magic bullet - Salvarsan 606
- Snow proved cholera caused by contaminated water
5
Q
Industrial Living conditions
A
- clean water in short supply - came from water pumps
- slum housing - cramped + overcrowded
- diseases like cholera spread easily
6
Q
19th century public health individuals
A
- Edwin Chadwick - 1842 report highlighted poor living conditions, influenced government into first public health act
- John Snow - proved cholera caused by contaminated water
- Bazalgette - designed new London sewer system
7
Q
First public health act
A
- 1848
- general board of health - Chadwick 1 of 3 commissioners
- allowed towns to set up health boards - voluntary
8
Q
Second public health act
A
- 1875
- local councils responsible for ensuring there was clean water, public toilets, rubbish removal, sewers, drains
9
Q
What is manifest destiny
A
1840 - Americans though that it was their providence (God-given right) to expand territories from coast to coast in North America
10
Q
What was the reason for Manifest Destiny
A
- first half of the 19th century - American population went 5 million in 1800 to 23 million in 1850
- Americans looked westward for land + opportunities + to escape economic depressions of 1819/1839
11
Q
What was the impact of Manifest Destiny
A
- US government expanded territories to west to make room for settlers, Native Indians were forcibly removed through the
- 1830 Indian Removal Act - ¼ of Cherokee Indians killed in conflicts
- expansion ignited Mexican-
American War + increased conflict with Great Britain - Indians became distrustful of white
American settlers
12
Q
Who became the leader of the Mormons in 1845
A
Brigham Young
13
Q
Why did people dislike the Mormons
A
They were against slavery
14
Q
Why did Young choose Slat Lake City for the Mormons
A
- isolated
- water + fertile soil
- could practice beliefs safely
15
Q
How did Brigham Young help the mormons to settle in salt lake
A
- made sure all families had enough land
- led cooperative work to build irrigation system for easy water access
