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Theme 2 - 203 > Prenatal Screening > Flashcards

Prenatal Screening Flashcards

1
Q

What does screening do?

A

Identifies apparently healthy people who may be at an increased risk of a disease or condition

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2
Q

What does screening do?

A

Identifies apparently healthy people who may be at an increased risk of a disease or condition

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3
Q

What is the benefit of screening people?

A

Allows for earlier treatment and allows informed decisions to be made.

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4
Q

When is the early pregnancy scan done?

A

10-14 weeks

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5
Q

What proportion of due dates are put back after an early pregnancy scan is done?

A

1 in 5

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6
Q

What can an early pregnancy scan detect?

A
  • Multiple pregnancies and chronicity
  • Due date
  • Structural abnormalities
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7
Q

What are some examples of structural abnormalities that can be detected in an early pregnancy test?

A
  • Spina bifida
  • Anencephaly
  • Bladder outflow obstruction
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8
Q

What are the three trisomies?

A
  • Trisomy 13 = Patau’s
  • Trisomy 18 = Edward’s
  • Trisomy 21 = Down’s
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9
Q

What is the difference between Chronic Villus Sampling and amniocentesis?

A
  • CVS samples part of the placenta (attached to the uterus)

- Amniocentesis samples some of the amniotic fluid

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10
Q

What is the risk of miscarriage in CVS and amniocentesis?

A

1%

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11
Q

When can CVS and amniocentesis be done?

A

CVS at 11+ weeks

Amniocentesis at 16+ weeks

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12
Q

What can increase the risk of miscarriage in CVS / amniocentesis?

A

Twin pregnancies

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13
Q

What does the first trimester screening test combine to work out the chance of a baby having trisomy?

A
  • Age
  • Nuchal translucency measurements from ultrasound
  • Blood test
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14
Q

What does the blood test done for the first trimester screening test measure?

A

PAPP-A and B-hCG

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15
Q

What is PAPP-A?

A

Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and it has low levels in pregnancies with Down’s syndrome

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16
Q

What is B-hCG?

A

Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and its levels are high in pregnancies with Down’s syndrome

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17
Q

When is the quadruple test done?

A

14+2 weeks to 20 weeks

18
Q

What does the quadruple test measure the levels of?

A
  • UE3 (low in Down’s)
  • AFP (low in Down’s)
  • Inhibit A (high in Down’s)
  • B-hCG (high in Down’s)
19
Q

What does NIPT stand for and what is it?

A

Non-Invasive Prenatal Test

Screens blood and can identify risk of trisomy

20
Q

What are the advantages of NIPT?

A
  • High detection rates
  • Means less invasive diagnostic tests are done
  • Further option for women
21
Q

What are the disadvantages of NIPT?

A
  • Screening test so isn’t diagnostic

- Positive result is confirmed with an invasive test afterwards

22
Q

What is the benefit of screening people?

A

Allows for earlier treatment and allows informed decisions to be made.

23
Q

When is the early pregnancy scan done?

A

10-14 weeks

24
Q

What proportion of due dates are put back after an early pregnancy scan is done?

A

1 in 5

25
Q

What can an early pregnancy scan detect?

A
  • Multiple pregnancies and chronicity
  • Due date
  • Structural abnormalities
26
Q

What are some examples of structural abnormalities that can be detected in an early pregnancy test?

A
  • Spina bifida
  • Anencephaly
  • Bladder outflow obstruction
27
Q

What are the three trisomies?

A
  • Trisomy 13 = Patau’s
  • Trisomy 18 = Edward’s
  • Trisomy 21 = Down’s
28
Q

What is the difference between Chronic Villus Sampling and amniocentesis?

A
  • CVS samples part of the placenta (attached to the uterus)

- Amniocentesis samples some of the amniotic fluid

29
Q

What is the risk of miscarriage in CVS and amniocentesis?

A

1%

30
Q

When can CVS and amniocentesis be done?

A

CVS at 11+ weeks

Amniocentesis at 16+ weeks

31
Q

What can increase the risk of miscarriage in CVS / amniocentesis?

A

Twin pregnancies

32
Q

What does the first trimester screening test combine to work out the chance of a baby having trisomy?

A
  • Age
  • Nuchal translucency measurements from ultrasound
  • Blood test
33
Q

What does the blood test done for the first trimester screening test measure?

A

PAPP-A and B-hCG

34
Q

What is PAPP-A?

A

Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and it has low levels in pregnancies with Down’s syndrome

35
Q

What is B-hCG?

A

Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and its levels are high in pregnancies with Down’s syndrome

36
Q

When is the quadruple test done?

A

14+2 weeks to 20 weeks

37
Q

What does the quadruple test measure the levels of?

A
  • UE3 (low in Down’s)
  • AFP (low in Down’s)
  • Inhibit A (high in Down’s)
  • B-hCG (high in Down’s)
38
Q

What does NIPT stand for and what is it?

A

Non-Invasive Prenatal Test

Screens blood and can identify risk of trisomy

39
Q

What are the advantages of NIPT?

A
  • High detection rates
  • Means less invasive diagnostic tests are done
  • Further option for women
40
Q

What are the disadvantages of NIPT?

A
  • Screening test so isn’t diagnostic

- Positive result is confirmed with an invasive test afterwards

Theme 2 - 203 (9 decks)

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