Pregnancy and Diabetes Flashcards
What can maternal hyperglycaemia in pregnancy lead to if untreated?
- Damage to foetus
- Increase in likelihood of obesity and T2DM in baby
- T2DM in mother
What is teratogenesis?
Process by which malformations are formed in an embryo
What changes occur to the mother during early pregnancy?
- Increased insulin sensitivity
- Slightly lowered blood glucose
- Increased maternal energy stores
What changes occur to the mother during late pregnancy?
- Increased insulin resistance
- Increased transplacental passage of nutrients - allowing for rapid foetal growth
What can happen with an increase in HbA1c in the mother during pregnancy?
Increased likelihood of baby having a congenital abnormality
What are some risk factors for an increased chance of GDM?
- Having GDM before
- FH of T2DM
- PCOS
- Certain racial groups
When is GDM screened in pregnant woman?
Week 26
What can maternal hyperglycaemia lead to in the first trimester?
Fuel-mediated teratogenesis
What is macrosomia and when can it occur?
When a newborn is significantly larger than average
In the 3rd trimester
What can macrosomia lead to during childbirth?
Difficult birth
Shoulder dystocia could occur which is when the shoulders get lodged in the pelvis
How much does T1DM increase the risk of perinatal mortality?
4x
How much does T2DM increase the risk of perinatal mortality?
9x
What does maternal GDM increase the chances of a baby having?
- Obesity
- Insulin resistance
- T2DM
- Vascular disease
How is hyperglycaemia treated in pregnancy?
- Blood glucose levels are managed
- Appropriate nutrition is given
- Exercise
- Monthly monitoring of foetal abdominal girth from 28 weeks
How long after birth is diabetes screened for in a mother?
12 weeks after birth
