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EXCI 458 > Prenatal developmental concern > Flashcards

Prenatal developmental concern Flashcards

1
Q

determinants of intra-uterine growth and birthweight (15)

A

infant sex
ethnicity/race
maternal height
pregnancy weight
alcohol consumption
pregnancy height and weight
maternal birth weight
parity (number of pregnancies)
gestational weight gain
prior low birth weight infant
caloric intake
cigarette smoking
tobacco chewing
maternal age
socioeconomic status

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2
Q

full term infants in 10th percentile

A

2.5x risk of mortality

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3
Q

what is classified as low birth weight

A

<2500 g, 5lbs 8oz

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4
Q

low birth weight 2 distinct groups

A

pre-term
small-for-date

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5
Q

how can low birthweight can impact growth

A

smaller status
possible deficiencies in nm coordination and power

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6
Q

most common reason for miscarriage

A

faulty or incompatible gametes
chromosomal abnormalities

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7
Q

how many pregnancies lost before 20 weeks

A

10-25%

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8
Q

other causes for miscarriage

A

maternal age
illness
lifestyle
trauma

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9
Q

factors that do not cause miscarriages

A

sex, working outside home, moderate exercise

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10
Q

congenital malformation

A

abnormal condition present at birth

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11
Q

causal factors for congenital malformations

A

can be both genetic and environmental

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12
Q

which period is most critical for genetic malformations

A

embryo

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13
Q

how do abnormalities arise

A

alterations to the sequence of development of tissues, organs, systems

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14
Q

causal agents for malformations can include

A

trauma, chemicals, therapeutic drugs
radiation, infections, hypoxia
maternal metabolic imbalances
maternal substance use

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15
Q

prenatal nutrition is related to

A

placental
fetal
maternal factors

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16
Q

placental factors - nutrition

A

circulation and the transport of nutrients form placenta to fetus

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17
Q

fetal factors - nutrition

A

utilization of available nutrients

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18
Q

maternal factors- nutrition

A

overall nutritional status of the mother
adequacy of energy and nutrient intake and weight gain during pregnancy

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19
Q

teratogens

A

an environmental agent that causes harm to the embryo or fetus

20
Q

amount of harm is a function of

A

babys genetic makeup
amount of exposure
time/duration of exposure

21
Q

maternal smoking causes

A

hypoxia
affects weight and height development

22
Q

alcohol consumption is associated with

A

fetal growth restrictions (dec weight)
abnormal facial development
impairment of the cns

23
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome occurs in

A

1 in every 700 births

24
Q

about 1/3 of children born to alcoholic mothers have

A

FAS

25
Q

ARND

A

alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorders

26
Q

exercise stresses

A

cv system and msk

27
Q

moderate physical activity

A

no negative effects on fetal development
benefits for mother

28
Q

when is exercise contraindicated

A

high risk pregnancies

29
Q

FOAD

A

fetal origins of adult diseases

30
Q

chromosome disorders

A

down syndrome

31
Q

gene-based disorders

A

Phenylketonuria
cystic fibrosis
sickle-cell desease

32
Q

PKU

A

intellectual disability, seizures, behavioural problems, mental disorders, musty odor
timely diagnosis and early treatment key to eliminating developmental issues

33
Q

CF

A

respiratory dysf, inc. risk of infection, no cure

34
Q

sickle-cell

A

2 defective genes for Hb cause the disease, 1 causes the trait

35
Q

reflexes dominate movement during

A

later half of pregnancy and first 4 months of infancy

36
Q

reflexes can provide

A

important diagnostic information for infant health and neuro maturation

37
Q

primitive reflexes are critical to

A

ensuring nourishment and protection

38
Q

postural reflexes are considered

A

the basis for more complex voluntary movement of later infancy

39
Q

infant reflexes

A

disappear by the end of first year

40
Q

primitive reflexes

A

dominate first 6 months
ensure survival, protection, nutrtion
produced subcortically
appear during gestation and at birth to 6 months

41
Q

primitive reflexes ex.

A
42
Q

postural reflexes ex.

A
43
Q

postural reflexes are produced

A

cortically

44
Q

some postural reflexes are considered precursors to

A

complex movements

45
Q

most commonly used reflex used to determine neurological maturation

A

the moro reflex
asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

46
Q

reflexes to monitor motor function

A

milani comparetti neuromotor development
primitive reflex profile

47
Q

stereotypies

A

rhythmic, patterned, centrally controlled movement behaviour of infancy apparently not learned through imitation or a consequence of external stimuli

EXCI 458 (6 decks)

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