Postnatal development Flashcards
9 developmental stages
prenatal development
infancy
early childhood
middle childhood
adolescence
late adulthood
death and dying
prenatal stage
embryonic stage (0to 8 weeks)
fetal stage(8 weeks to birth)
infancy stage
neonatal (birth to 22 days)
birth to onset of walking (about 1 yo)
toddler stage
1-4 y
early childhood
infancy to 7 yo
developmental direction
cephalocaudally
proximodistal
differentiation
from the relatively simple gross motor tasks to more complex and refined motor ones
grasping
isolated involvement of muscle groups to perform a rudimentary motor task
integration
the involvement of various systems in a coordinated fashion to perform complex tasks
motor development
in a predictable sequence
at a variable rate
as a continuous process
from simple to complex
from general to specific
scammon’s growth curve
not all tissues grow at the same rate
start to grow at puberty and plateau at 20
by age 1 most childdren
like to put things in their mouth (mouthing)
pull up to standing position by holding on to something
cruise
master grasping objects
by age 1 physical development
grown taller
gotten heavy
big heads
baby look
few teeth
motor aspects
gross skills
fine skills
temporal aspects
discreet
serial
continuous
environmental aspects
open KC
closed KC
functional aspects
stability
locomotor
manipulative
stability
emphasis en static and dynamic body balance
locomotion
emphasis en body transportation
manipulation
imparting force on receiving force from an object
phases of movement
reflexive
rudimentary
fundamental
reflexive phase of movement
involuntary subcortically controlled movement in utero and early infancy
rudimentary phase of movement
the movements of infancy influenced by maturation
fundamental phase of movement
the basic skills of childhood
see ppt for examples
readiness depends on
maturation
learning
convergence of biological factors within the individual
environmental conditions and tasks requirements facilitate learning
readiness applies to
both cognitive and motor domains
plasticity
degree to which a developing structure or behaviour is modifiable due to experience
piaget’s theory
see by age 1 in ppt
information processing
how children take in, use and store information
development is dependent on memory
three aspect of memory
encoding
storage
retrieval
encoding
information is recorded into a form usable for memories
storage
placement of information into memory
retrieval
how inforrmation is retrieved from memories
infantile amnesia
lack of memories prior to 3yo
intelligence
measurable differences in cognitive development
bayleys 3 scales
mental scale
motor scale
behavioural scale
can detect sensory and neurological issues
bayley scale of infant development
erikson
havighurst 3 sources of developmental tasks
physical maturation
personal values
pressure of society
