Prenatal Development&Birth

Question 1

When is Prenatal Care Essential?

Answer 1

In the First Trimester (to prevent birth defects)

Question 2

Prenatal Development Pattern?

Answer 2

Cephalocaudal (head down) then Proximodistal (from middle outwards)

Question 3

Three Major Development Phases?

Answer 3

Period of Zygote (Germinal) - 14 Weeks
Period of Embryo - Weeks 3-8
Period of Fetus - from Week 9 to end

Question 4

What are the support structures for the fetus?

Answer 4

Amnion
Chorion (later morphs into placenta) - protect & nurture embryo
Placenta
Umbilical Cord

Question 5

During the period of the embryo what layers develop (-derm)?

Answer 5

Ectoderm (will become nervous system, hair & skin)
Mesoderm (Will become muscles, bones, circulatory system)
Endoderm (Will become digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, other vital organs

Question 6

When is survival outside of the uterus viable?

Answer 6

22-28 Weeks

Question 7

What is the role of the placenta?

Answer 7

To provide embryo with oxygen, nutrients & exchange gas and waste

Question 8

What is the role of the amnion?

Answer 8

To form a protective cover for embryo

Question 9

What is the role of the umbilical cord?

Answer 9

Conduit between placenta and embryo/fetus
Fun Fact: Has millions of stem cells that can be collected & stored at stored at birth & can be used to treat over 85 diseases and conditions

Question 10

What are some autosomal or sex linked disorders?

Answer 10

Huntington’s disease (dominant)
High blood pressure (dominant)
Sickle-cell disease (recessive)
Albinism (recessive)
Red-Green Color blindness (sex-linked)
Some types of diabetes (sex-linked)

Question 11

What are the stages of birth?