Developmental Theories Flashcards
Know Basics, Differences Between Theories (ex: Freud & Erikson), Central Tenants of Theories
How Many Theories are There?
Six
According to Biological Theory do genes found in each cell nucleus influences any particular features or development pattern?
True
Difference Between Genotype & Phenotype?
Genotype: Genetic material on an individual’s chromosome
Phenotype: Observed characteristic
What pattern of inheritance is this: a single dominant gene influences a
person’s phenotype
Dominant-Recessive
What is the recessive pattern of inheritance (2)?
two recessive genes are necessary to
produce an associated trait
Epigenetic markers regulate gene expression (our
phenotype) by signaling some genes to _______ and
others to _______
“turn on”
“turn off”
Can altered epigenetics be passed on?
Yes, some can
What is Evolutionary Theory?
They attempt to explain our differences as individuals and commonalities as a species, often focusing on genetic and environmental mechanisms
⚬ Preselected adaptive motives and behaviors are those that ensure the survival of the individual’s genes versus survival of the individual
What is this: Man saving his kids from a burning house? Ethology or Evolution?
Difference between Ethology & Evolutionary Theories?
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?
Sigmund Freud
ID (pleasure)
EGO (conscious, rational - peace maker)
SUPER EGO (internalized moral standard)
Freud’s stages of psychosexual development?
Oral (until 1)
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (6-11 years)
Genital (12+)
Erik Erikson’s (Neo-Freudian) _____ theory viewed children as _______ than Freud?
Psychosocial
More active & adaptive
Erik Erikson placed emphasis on sexual urges?
No, he placed more emphasis on social & cultural influences on development
Abraham Maslow is the key figure in the __________ perspective and the most important internal drive for each individual is __________
Humanistic
The motivation to achieve one’s own potential
Carl Rogers is in which perspective? When is it more important?
Humanistic Alternative
Real self vs. Ideal self
Later in Life
Piaget’s _____ Theory describes and explains the development of ______ ______ and ______ ______
Cognitive
Thought processes
Mental Stages
Piaget’s 4 Stages of Development?
Sensorimotor (until 2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete Operations (7-11)
Formal Operations (11+)
Explain Cognitive Theory of Information Processing:
Like a computer: Input - Process - Output
Development reflects changes in: hardware & software
B.F Skinners behavioralism is a _______ Theory (think operant conditioning)
Learning
The Little Albert Experiment showcased which type of Theory?
Cognitive Social Learning Theory
Describe Social & Anthropological Theories? As well as continuous and discontinuous societies
Individual are embedded in social groups (this is the role of society and culture)
Continuous societies: children gradually and peacefully take on adult roles
Discontinuous societies: abrupt and stressful transitions from adolescence to adulthood
Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory (Remember Macro system) (Outside In)
Chronosystem
Macrosystem
Exosystem
Mesosytem
Microsystem
Developmental systems theory stresses that development has to be thought of as _______ change in which the individual is the ______ of a network of interacting influences (Lerner)
Systematic
Center
