Developmental Theories

Question 1

How Many Theories are There?

Answer 1

Six

Question 2

According to Biological Theory do genes found in each cell nucleus influences any particular features or development pattern?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Difference Between Genotype & Phenotype?

Answer 3

Genotype: Genetic material on an individual’s chromosome
Phenotype: Observed characteristic

Question 4

What pattern of inheritance is this: a single dominant gene influences a
person’s phenotype

Answer 4

Dominant-Recessive

Question 5

What is the recessive pattern of inheritance (2)?

Answer 5

two recessive genes are necessary to
produce an associated trait

Question 6

Epigenetic markers regulate gene expression (our
phenotype) by signaling some genes to _______ and
others to _______

Answer 6

“turn on”
“turn off”

Question 7

Can altered epigenetics be passed on?

Answer 7

Yes, some can

Question 8

What is Evolutionary Theory?

Answer 8

They attempt to explain our differences as individuals and commonalities as a species, often focusing on genetic and environmental mechanisms
⚬ Preselected adaptive motives and behaviors are those that ensure the survival of the individual’s genes versus survival of the individual

Question 8

What is this: Man saving his kids from a burning house? Ethology or Evolution?

Question 8

Difference between Ethology & Evolutionary Theories?

Question 9

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud
ID (pleasure)
EGO (conscious, rational - peace maker)
SUPER EGO (internalized moral standard)

Question 10

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 10

Oral (until 1)
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (6-11 years)
Genital (12+)

Question 11

Erik Erikson’s (Neo-Freudian) _____ theory viewed children as _______ than Freud?

Answer 11

Psychosocial
More active & adaptive

Question 12

Erik Erikson placed emphasis on sexual urges?

Answer 12

No, he placed more emphasis on social & cultural influences on development

Question 13

Abraham Maslow is the key figure in the __________ perspective and the most important internal drive for each individual is __________

Answer 13

Humanistic
The motivation to achieve one’s own potential

Question 14

Carl Rogers is in which perspective? When is it more important?

Answer 14

Humanistic Alternative
Real self vs. Ideal self
Later in Life

Question 15

Piaget’s _____ Theory describes and explains the development of ______ ______ and ______ ______

Answer 15

Cognitive
Thought processes
Mental Stages

Question 16

Piaget’s 4 Stages of Development?

Answer 16

Sensorimotor (until 2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete Operations (7-11)
Formal Operations (11+)

Question 17

Explain Cognitive Theory of Information Processing:

Answer 17

Like a computer: Input - Process - Output
Development reflects changes in: hardware & software

Question 18

B.F Skinners behavioralism is a _______ Theory (think operant conditioning)

Answer 18

Learning

Question 19

The Little Albert Experiment showcased which type of Theory?

Answer 19

Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Question 20

Describe Social & Anthropological Theories? As well as continuous and discontinuous societies

Answer 20

Individual are embedded in social groups (this is the role of society and culture)
Continuous societies: children gradually and peacefully take on adult roles
Discontinuous societies: abrupt and stressful transitions from adolescence to adulthood

Question 21

Describe Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory (Remember Macro system) (Outside In)

Answer 21

Chronosystem
Macrosystem
Exosystem
Mesosytem
Microsystem

Question 22

Developmental systems theory stresses that development has to be thought of as _______ change in which the individual is the ______ of a network of interacting influences (Lerner)

Answer 22

Systematic
Center