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Morphology > Premolars > Flashcards

Premolars Flashcards

1
Q

what are the # of maxillary premolars

A

5, 4, 12, 13

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2
Q

general characteristics of maxillary premolars

A
  • have occlusal surface
  • two cups: lingual and buccal
  • do not refer them as bicuspid
  • succedaneous teeth
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3
Q

how many lobes for maxillary premolars

A
  • 4 lobes
  • 3 buccal lobes: MB, B, and DB form the buccal cusp
  • 1 lingual lobe forms the lingual cusp
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4
Q

what is the central developmental groove

A

-demarcation between the buccal and lingual lobes

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5
Q

maxillary first premolar buccal view

A
  • resembles a canine
  • roughly trapezoidal
  • mesial cusp arm longer and straighter
  • distal cusp arm shorter and more curved
  • buccal height of contour in cervical third
  • mesial concavity below mesial contact
  • prominent buccal ridge
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6
Q

maxillary first premolar contacts

A
  • mesial and distal: in middle third
  • mesial contact is offset buccally
  • distal is generally pretty convex and offset buccally
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7
Q

maxillary first premolar lingual view

A
  • crown tapers lingually
  • more narrower than buccal
  • smoothly convex
  • lingual cusp 1mm shorter and pointed. Can see buccal cusp from lingual view
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8
Q

maxillary first premolar interesting fact

A
  • mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is shorter than the distolingual cusp arm
  • OPPOSITE of the buccal cusp
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9
Q

maxillary first premolar mesial view

A
  • shape: trapezoidal
  • 2 cusps visible: buccal and lingual
  • buccal cusp is taller
  • buccal height of contour: cervical
  • lingual height of contour: middle third
  • have mesial developmental depression/concavity
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10
Q

maxillary first premolar roots

A
  • 50-60% have 2 roots
  • long root trunk (about 1/2 to 2/3 lenght of the root)
  • has furcation
  • buccal: resembles the root of the canine just shorter
  • broad BL, narrow MD
  • have mesial developmental depression
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11
Q

maxillary first premolar distal view

A
  • doesnt have the mesial concavity, mesial developmental depression or see marginal ridge developmental groove
  • CEJ curve less than mesial
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12
Q

maxillary first premolar occlusal view

A
  • hexagonal outline
  • BL dimension greater than MD
  • Crown wider buccal than lingual
  • each cusp is composed of 4 ridges
  • mesiobuccal cusp ridge is longer than distobuccal
  • mesiolingual cusp ridge is shorter than distolingual
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13
Q

maxillary first premolar pulp

A
  • overall cross section looks kidney shaped, two pulps or one
  • if two, the buccal is larger
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14
Q

maxillary second premolar #

A

4, 13

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15
Q

maxillary second premolar general characteristics

A
  • resembles the 1st premolar but it is smaller
  • more rounded
  • single root
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16
Q

maxillary second premolar buccal view

A
  • similar to premolar
  • MB and DB line angles less prominent
  • buccal cusp ridge not as obvious/long
  • mesiobuccal cusp is shorter
  • developmental depressions not as developed
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17
Q

maxillary second premolar lingual view

A

-lingual cusp longer than 1st premolar so less visability of the buccal profile of the tooth from the lingual aspect

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18
Q

maxillary second premolar mesial view

A
  • buccal and lingual cusp about equal in size but shorter compared to 1st premolar
  • No mesial marginal ridge developmental groove
  • No mesial developmental depression
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19
Q

maxillary second premolar roots

A
  • single root
  • broad BL, narrow MD
  • no developmental depressions
  • 2 pulp horns
  • 50% have 2 canals
  • transverse: oval shaped root and pulp
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20
Q

maxillary second premolar distal view

A
  • similar to mesial

- buccal and lingual cusp about equal in size but shorter compared to 1st premolar

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21
Q

maxillary second premolar contacts

A

-distal and mesial contact in middle third and offset to the buccal

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22
Q

maxillary second premolar occlusal view

A
  • rounded or oval
  • MB and DB line angles are more rounded
  • central developmental groove is shorter so mesial and distal marginal ridges are wider
23
Q

maxillary second premolar heights of contour- mesial

A

middle third

24
Q

maxillary second premolar heights of contour- distal

A

middle third

25
Q

maxillary second premolar heights of contour- buccal

A

cervical third

26
Q

maxillary second premolar heights of contour- lingual

A

middle third

27
Q

mandible first premolar #

A

21, 28

28
Q

mandible premolar general characteristics

A
  • 20, 21, 28, 29
  • succedaneous teeth
  • first molars come from 4 lobes
  • second molars come from 5 lobes
29
Q

mandible first premolar buccal view

A
  • shape: trapezoidal
  • prominent buccal ridge (well developed middle buccal lobe)
  • buccal cusp resembles the mandibular canine but with a more rounded tip
  • mesial slope of the buccal cusp is short than distal slope (opposite of the maxillary 1st premolar)
  • M and D heights of contour in middle third
  • surface is convex
30
Q

mandible first premolar root

A
  • shorter than the canine
  • curves distally
  • grooved longitudinally on the M and D surfaces
  • rare but could be bifurcated
31
Q

mandible first premolar lingual view

A
  • crown and root taper lingually
  • lingual cusp is small, might resemble a canine
  • occlusal surface slopes lingually
  • smoothly convex in all directions
  • M and D concave from cervical margin to contact areas
  • mesiolingual developmental groove
32
Q

Mesiolingual developmental groove of mandible first premolar

A
  • demarcates the lingual lobe from the mesiobuccal lobe

- separates mesial marginal ridge from lingual cusp

33
Q

mandible first premolar root

A
  • pointed apex
  • developmental depressions or grooves mesially on the root
  • distal is less grooved has no deep groove
34
Q

mandible first premolar mesial view

A
  • outline: rhomboidal
  • very curved/convex
  • cusp tip is centered over midline of root
  • buccal height of contour at junction of middle and cervical thirds
  • lingual height of contour in middle third (overhangs root trunk)
  • 1/3 difference of height between lingual and buccal cusp tips from CEJ
35
Q

mesial marginal ridge on mandible first premolar

A

slopes cervically, can see on the lingual side. Gives it like a right angle on the mesial and distal views.

36
Q

what is something distinct about mandible first premolar

A

-only tooth in which the mesial marginal ridge is at a lower level than the distal marginal ridge

37
Q

mandible first premolar distal view

A

-smoothly convex
-distal height of contour is in middle third
-

38
Q

mandible first premolar contacts

A
  • distal: in middle third
  • distal contact are broader than mesial
  • contacts are centered buccolingually
39
Q

mandible first premolar occlusal view

A
  • diamond in outline
  • buccal cusp and buccal ridge are pronounced
  • lingual cusp is small and resembles cingulum of canine
  • crown is wider buccally than lingually
  • MB and DB line angles prominent and rounded
  • cusps maybe seperated by a central groove as in the maxillary premolars
40
Q

mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp ridge

A

mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter than distobuccal cusp ridge

41
Q

transverse ridge in mandible first premolar

A
  • the single ridge formed by the buccal and lingual triangular ridges joined together
  • separates the mesial occlusal fossa from the distal occlusal fossa
42
Q

mandibular second premolars #s

A

20 and 29

43
Q

mandibular second premolars occlusal view

A

can have two different occlusal surfaces

44
Q

interesting facts about mandibular second premolars

A
  • 2 types of mandibular 2nd molar

- 3 cusp type with 5 lobes OR 2 cusp type with 4 lobes

45
Q

mandibular second premolars buccal view

A

-resembles the mandibular first premolar
-BUT the buccal cusp is shorter and less pointed
-

46
Q

mandibular second premolars contact areas

A
  • M and D contacts are broad
  • appear higher due to the small buccal cusp
  • in the middle third
47
Q

mandibular second premolars root

A
  • compared to the mandibular first premolar it is broader MD

- apex is more blunt

48
Q

mandibular second premolars lingual view

A
  • differs from mandibular first premolar:
  • lingual lobes are better developed
  • less of the occlusal surface is visible
49
Q

lingual groove of mandibular second premolars

A
  • separates the two lingual cusps

- the mesiolingual and distolingual cusps

50
Q

mandibular second premolars mesial view

A
  • differs from mandibular first premolar:
  • crown and root are wider BL
  • buccal cusp tip not as lingually placed
  • buccal cusp is shorter
  • lingual and buccal cusps more equal in size
  • NO mesiolingual development groove is present
  • mesial marginal ridge is at right angles
51
Q

mandibular second premolars distal view

A

-similar to mesial but has more occlusal surface is visible

52
Q

mandibular second premolars occlusal view with 3 cusp

A
  • square in shape
  • 2 lingual cusps and one buccal
  • Y shaped *** (mesial, distal, lingual developmental grooves)
  • have a central pit
  • mesial triangular fossa and distal triangular fossa
53
Q

mandibular second premolars occlusal view with 2 cusp

A
  • outline is rounded
  • H or U shaped developmental grooves**
  • H is more commonly seen
  • may or may not have mesial and distal pits

Morphology (5 decks)

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