Premolars Flashcards
Premolar Development
____ developmental lobes, most times
one exception: ______
four
mandibular second premolard
Maxillary Premolar Development
! 1st and 2nd: There are ______ developmental lobes
! There are ______ facial developmental lobes.
! The middle facial lobe forms the ______ tip
! The palatal developmental lobe forms the ______ cusp.
four
three
buccal cusp
lingual or palatal
Occlusal View
! ______: Linear elevation on the surface of the tooth
# Marginal Ridge: Extend ______; are the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface
# Cusp Ridges: Extend from the ______
$ M-D: Form the ______ and ______ borders of the occlusal surface
$ B-L: Form the ______ on the occlusal surface –______ and ______
ridge B-L cusp tip buccal lingual internal ridges triangular ridges transverse ridges
______: Linear intersection of developing lobes
! ______: A rounded or angular depression found on the surface of a
tooth
! ______: A defect found in the developmental groove
! ______: A defect found in the fossa
developmental grooves
fossa
fissure
pit
Occlusal View
! Cusp Ridges:
B-L:
• ______ • ______
triangular ridges
transverse ridges
Maxillary First Premolar
Eruption: _____
10-11 years
Maxillary First Premolar
The _____ crown dimension is greater than the mesiodistal crown dimension
! NOTE: this is true for _____ premolars
occlusocervical
all
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Buccal View
! The outline form of the crown has been described as:
# _____
# shaped like a _____
# _____ in the occlusal half of the crown
trapezoidal
pentagon
ovoid
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Buccal View
! ***The mesial cusp ridge of the buccal cusp is _____ than the distal cusp ridge and may be concave or notched
! The distal cusp ridge more _____ than the mesial cusp ridge
! The buccal cusp is long and pointed
longer
convex
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Buccal View
! The mesial contact is located in the _____ third; near the junction of the occlusal and middle thirds
! mesial surface of the crown below/(cervical) to the contact area is concave
middle
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Buccal View
! The distal contact is located in the _____ third; more _____ than the mesial contact
! The distal proximal surface contact area is _____
middle
cervical
convex
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–BuccalView
! There is a well-developed _____
! Mesial and distal buccal developmental depressions are sometimes present
facial (buccal) ridge (middle lobe)
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Buccal View
! Most maxillary first premolars have _____ roots
! The buccal root has a frequent _____ curve near the apex
two
distal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar – Occlusal View
! The occlusal view is described as _____
hexagonal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar – Occlusal View
! The occlusal table is made up of the _____ marginal ridges and _____ M-D cusp ridges
two
four
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar – Occlusal View
! The B-L dimension is _____ than the M-D dimension
! The M-D of the buccal portion of the crown is _____
# Tooth tapers to the _____
greater
wider
lingual
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Maxillary First Premolar –
Occlusal View
! The mesial contact is located just buccal to the _____ of the crown
! The distal contact is also located _____ to the buccolingual center of the crown.
**more _____ than the mesial contact
buccolingual center
buccal
buccal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar – Occlusal View ! Buccal triangular ridge # \_\_\_\_\_ ! Lingual triangular ridge # seldom \_\_\_\_\_ # \_\_\_\_\_ surface ! The buccal and lingual triangular ridges meet forming a \_\_\_\_\_
prominent
prominent
flatter
transverse ridge
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar – Occlusal View
! There are _____ depressions in the mesial and distal of the central fossa groove
# _____ and _____ fossae
two
mesial
distal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar – Occlusal View
! There is a major distinguishing feature:
# Mesial extension of the _____
# _____ Groove
central fossa groove
mesial marginal ridge
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Mesial View
! The Mesial Marginal Ridge Groove is _____
# ***MMRG distinguishes this premolar from _____
visible
all others
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Mesial View
! The buccolingual crown dimension is _____ than the occlusocervical crown dimension
greater
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Mesial View
! The outline form of the crown has been described as _____
! The occlusal table is centered over the _____ trunk
trapezoidal
root
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Mesial View
! The lingual cusp is _____ and more _____ than the buccal cusp
! The buccal cusp is about _____ longer than the lingual cusp
shorter
blunt
1 mm
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Mesial View
! The lingual cusp tip is not as _____ as the buccal cusp tip.
sharply pointed
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Mesial View
! The buccal height of contour is located in the _____ third of the crown
! The lingual height of contour is located in the **_____ third of the crown
cervical
middle
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Mesial View
! The mesial crown surface has a _____ developmental depression
! This marked depression continues apically and joins the _____ depression
cervical
root
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Mesial View
! _____ pulpal canals
two
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Distal View
! The distal marginal ridge does not possess a _____ that crosses the ridge
developmental groove
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar–Distal View
! The distal cervical crown surface does not have a _____
depression
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar– Lingual View
! The lingual surface is _____ than the buccal surface in all dimensions
# The crown tapers toward the _____
# It is smoother, with no _____ or _____
smaller
lingual
ridges
depressions
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary First Premolar– Lingual View
! The lingual root is _____ than the buccal/facial root
! The _____ root apex may bend toward the mesial or distal
shorter
lingual
Maxillary Second Premolar
Eruption: _____
10-12 years
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS MaxillarySecond Premolar– Buccal View
! The occlusocervical crown dimension is _____ than the mesiodistal crown dimension
greater
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Buccal View ! The outline form of the crown has been described as: # \_\_\_\_\_ # shaped like a \_\_\_\_\_ ! \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_ cusp than the first premolar
trapezoidal
pentagon
shorter
rounder
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Buccal View
! The distal cusp ridge of the buccal cusp is _____ than the mesial cusp ridge
longer
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Buccal View
! The mesial contact area is located in the _____ third near the junction of the _____ and _____ thirds
middle
occlusal
middle
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Buccal View
! The distal contact area is located in the middle third slightly _____ to the mesial contact
below/cervical
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Buccal View
! Mesial and distal buccal developmental depressions only _____ present
! There is a _____ _____ shaped root
! The root has a frequent curve to the _____
sometimes
single
conically
distal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar – Occlusal View
! The occlusal view has been described as _____ and has an _____ or _____ shape
rounded
oblong
oval
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar – Occlusal View
! The occlusal table is also _____ in shape
! The fossae are relatively close to the _____ of the tooth
! Transverse ridge - _____
oval
center
thinner
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Maxillary Second Premolar –
Occlusal View
! There are several _____ on the occlusal surface
! The number of supplemental grooves gives the surface a _____ appearance
! Generally: more _____ = more supplemental grooves
supplemental grooves
wrinkled
posterior
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar – Occlusal View
! The _____ crown dimension is greater than the mesiodistal crown dimension
! Mesial and distal marginal ridges are _____ to one another
! The crown shows _____ (if any) taper to the lingual
B-L
parallel
little
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar – Occlusal View
! The mesial contact is located _____ to the _____ center of the crown
! The distal contact is located _____ to the B-L center of the crown but lingual to the _____ contact
buccal
B-L
buccal
mesial
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Mesial View
! The buccolingual crown dimension is _____ than the occlusocervical crown dimension
buccolingual
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Mesial View
! The outline form of the crown is also described as _____
! The occlusal table is _____ over the root trunk
trapezoidal
centered
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Maxillary Second Premolar–
Mesial View
! The buccal and lingual cusps are nearly the same _____
! The mesial marginal ridge is not crossed by a _____
# There is no _____ on the mesial surface
length/height
developmental groove
depression
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Mesial View
! The buccal height of contour is in the _____ third of the crown
! The lingual height of contour is in the _____ third of the crown
cervical
middle
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Maxillary Second Premolar– Mesial View
! _____ pulpal canal, but sometimes can be _____
1
2
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Maxillary Second Premolar– Lingual View
! The crown is only slightly narrower _____ on the lingual.
# The mesiodistal dimension of the lingual aspect of the crown is almost _____ to the buccal aspect
mesiodistally
identical
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Maxillary Second Premolar–
Lingual View
! Little of the occlusal surface is _____ because the height of the _____ cusp is almost the same as the _____ cusp
visible
lingual
buccal
Mandibular Premolar Development
! 1st : There are _____ developmental lobes
! 2nd: There are _____ or _____ developmental lobes
! The lingual of the _____ most commonly has 2 cusps formed from 2 separate _____

four four five 2nd premolar developmental lobes
Mandibular First Premolar
Eruption: _____
11-12 years
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Buccal View
! The occlusocervical crown dimension is _____ than the mesiodistal crown dimension
greater
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Buccal View
! The outline form of the crown is also described as:
“ _____
“ shaped like a _____
trapezoidal
pentagon
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular First Premolar–
Buccal View
! The mesial cusp ridge of the buccal cusp is _____ then the distal cusp ridge
! Shallow occlusal notches are commonplace on _____ cusp ridges
shorter
both
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular First Premolar–
Buccal View
! The mesial contact is located in the _____ third near the junction of the _____ and _____ thirds
! The distal contact is located in the _____ third
! **Many times it can be at the same level as the _____ contact
middle occlusal middle middle mesial
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Buccal View
! There is a prominent elevation of the _____
! Mesial and distal buccal developmental depressions are _____ present
buccal ridge
sometimes
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular First Premolar–
DM
Buccal View
! There is a _____ conically shaped root
! The _____ of the first premolar is relatively pointed
! The root has a frequent curve to the _____
single
root apex
distal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar – Occlusal View
! The occlusal view is _____ shaped
! B-L crown dimension:
“ _____ of any posterior tooth
diamond
smallest
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar – Occlusal View
! The B-L crown dimension is _____ than the M-D crown dimension
! More than _____ of the facial surface is visible from an occlusal view
greater
two thirds
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar – Occlusal View
! There is a concavity in the _____ on the lingual surface in the mesial half of the crown
“ _____
outline form
mesiolingual developmental groove
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular First Premolar –
Occlusal View
! The mesial contact is _____ to the buccolingual center of the crown
! The distal contact is located at the buccolingual _____ of the crown, or may be just slightly _____ to the buccolingual center of the crown
“ Not as buccal as the _____ contact
buccal
center
facial
mesial
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar – Occlusal View
! The occlusal table is distinctly _____ in form

triangular
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar – Occlusal View
! The _____ is very prominent
! Not often crossed by a _____
“ shallow
transverse ridge
deep central fossa groove
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Mesial View
! The outline form described as _____
! The O-C crown dimension is _____ than the B-L crown dimension*
* opposite from the _____
rhomboidal
greater
max premolars
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular First Premolar–
Mesial View
! The crowns of all mandibular _____ teeth tilt lingually on the root when viewed _____. WHY?
! The occlusal table is _____ centered over the root trunk
! The first premolar crown has a substantial _____ tilt
posterior
proximally
not
lingual
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Mesial View
! The occlusal table slopes _____
! The buccal triangular ridge slopes lingually at about _____
lingually
45 degrees
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Mesial View
! The lingual cusp is _____ and usually not more than half the _____ dimension of the buccal cusp
very small
O-C
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Mesial View
! The slope of the mesial marginal ridge is nearly _____ to the buccal triangular ridge
! The mesial marginal ridge is located farther _____ than the distal marginal ridge*
parallel
cervically
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Mesial View
! Mesiolingual groove viewed from the _____ view, but present on the _____ surface
mesial
lingual
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Mesial View
! The buccal height of contour is in the _____ third of the crown
! The lingual height of contour is in the _____ third of the crown near the lingual cusp tip
“ ***It is located in the _____ third of the lingual cusp

cervical
middle
occlusal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular First Premolar– Mesial View
! _____ pulpal canal

1
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular First Premolar–
! The distal marginal ridge is more _____ aligned than the mesial marginal ridge
! ***less _____ than the mesial
“ All other premolars have mesial marginal ridges _____ (more occlusal) than their opposing distal marginal ridges
horizontally
cervical
higher
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Lingual View
! The crown tapers _____ “ is much narrower _____ on
the lingual side
! The lingual cusp is quite small and often pointed
lingually
M-D
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular First Premolar– Lingual View
! The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the _____ from the _____
“ Again, it is on the _____ surface, not the mesial surface
mesial marginal ridge
lingual cusp
lingual
Mandibular Second Premolar
Eruiption: _____
11-12 years
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Buccal View
! The outline form of the crown also described as:
“ _____
“ shaped like a _____

trapezoidal
pentagon
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Buccal View
! The _____ crown dimension is also greater than the M- D crown dimension
O-C
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar–
Buccal View
! The _____ cusp is blunted or more rounded
! The mesial cusp ridge of the facial cusp is _____ then the distal cusp ridge
“ **True for all premolars except the _____
buccal
shorter
maxillary 1st
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar–
DM
Buccal View
! The mesial contact is in the _____ third just below (cervical to) the junction of the _____ and _____ thirds
! The distal contact is also in the _____ third just below (cervical to) the junction of the _____ and _____ thirds
“ More _____ than the mesial contact
middle occlusal middle middle occlusal middle cervical
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Buccal View
! Most second premolars have no distinct _____
! Shallow _____ are commonplace on _____ cusp ridges
“ more likely on the _____
buccal developmental depression
occlusal notches
both
distal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Buccal View
! There is a _____ conically shaped root
! The root has a frequent curve to the _____
sinlge
distal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Occlusal View
! The mandibular second premolar more often has _____ cusps than it has _____ cusps
“ Only _____ that often has 2 lingual cusps
“ **if 2 Lingual cusps are present, then it developed from _____ lobes of calcification
3
2
premolar
5
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Occlusal View
! With 3 cusp premolars, the occlusal outline form is nearly _____
! The outline of 2 cusped 2nd premolar has been described as _____ or _____
square
round
oval
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar - Occlusal View
! The B-L crown dimension is still _____ than the M-D crown dimensions, but only slightly
! The M-D dimension of the lingual half of the crown _____ the M-D dimension of the buccal half of the crown
! The mesial and sital surfaces are _____ to each other
greater
= or greater than
parallel
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular Second Premolar –
MD
Occlusal View
! The mesial contact is just _____ to the B-L center of the crown
! The distal contact is at the B-L _____ of the crown, or slightly _____ to the buccolingual center of the crown
“ just lingual to the _____ contact
buccal
center
facial
mesial
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar – Occlusal View
! Of the two lingual cusps, the _____ is larger and extends higher occlusally
mesiolingual
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar – Occlusal View
! There are _____ fossae (mesial; distal; and central) on _____-cusp premolars
! The 3-cusp mandibular second premolar has a _____
“ The _____ is the largest fossa
3
3
central fossa
central fossa
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar – Occlusal View
! There are _____ fossae (mesial and distal) on _____-cusp premolars.
2
2
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar – Occlusal View
! The number and names of the developmental grooves on the occlusal surface varies with the number of _____
cusps
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular Second Premolar –
Occlusal View – 3 cusp tooth:
! The 3-cusp premolar:
“ mesial developmental groove- travels _____ from the _____
“ distal developmental groove- travels _____ from the _____
“ lingual developmental groove- travels in a _____ direction from the central fossa; located _____ to the center of the crown
MB central fossa DB central fossa L distal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar – Occlusal View – 3 cusp tooth:
! The developmental grooves on the occlusal surface of a 3-cusp premolar form a _____- shaped pattern
! There is no _____ on a 3-cusp premolar
Y
transverse ridge
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar – Occlusal View – 2 cusp tooth:
! The 2-cusp premolar has a _____ connecting the mesial and distal fossae
! There is no _____
central developmental groove
lingual groove
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar – Occlusal View – 2 cusp tooth:
! There is a _____ or _____-shaped groove pattern on the occlusal surface
! The 2-cusp premolar does have a _____ present
U
H
transverse ridge
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Mesial View
! The outline form of the crown is _____
! The occlusal table is not centered over the _____ trunk
rhomboidal
root
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Mesial View
! The lingual cusp is _____ than the facial cusp
“ taller than the lingual cusp of the _____
shorter
mandibular first premolar
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Mesial View
! Shorter and wider crown
! The O-C crown dimension is almost the _____ as the B-L crown dimension
same
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Mesial View
! The mesial marginal ridge is _____ positioned at a _____ to the long axis of the tooth
! _____ is not present
horizontally
right angle
mesiolingual developmental groove
NIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Mesial View
! The buccal height of contour is located in the _____ third
“ **near the junction with the _____ third
! The lingual height of contour is located in the _____ third of the crown
“ **It can also be located in the _____ third of the lingual cusp

cervical
middle
middle
occlusal
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular Second Premolar– Mesial View
! _____ pulpal canal
1
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar–
Lingual View
! When 2 lingual cusps present:
“ The mesiolingual cusp is almost always _____ and projects _____ occlusally than the distolingual cusp
longer
higher
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Mandibular Second Premolar–
Lingual View
! When 2 lingual cusps present:
“ The ML cusp occupies roughly _____ of the M-D crown width
“ The O-C height of the mesiolingual cusp closer to the height of the the buccal cusp, but still _____
two-thirds
shorter
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Mandibular Second Premolar– Lingual View
! The lingual groove extends a _____ distance onto the lingual surface
short
