Development and Anatomy of Primary Dentition (Lecture 5) Flashcards
What is the primary dentition?
§ Dentition before the eruption of _____ 
§ What else are the primary teeth called?
§ _____ (comes from a Latin word “deciduus” which means fall off) teeth
§ Baby teeth
§ _____ teeth
§ When do primary teeth emerge in the mouth?
§ Between the ages of _____
permanent teeth
deciduous
milk
6 months and 2 years
Humans are _______
diphyodont, have two sets of teeth
Although replaced by the succedaneous teeth, primary teeth play a very important role for the proper _______ and _______ of the permanent teeth
position
occlusion
How many are the primary teeth? § Twenty (20) §10 maxillary and 10mandibular teeth § In each arch: § \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ incisors § \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cuspids (canines) § \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ molars
4
2
4
Primary Dentition
§ No _______
§ Primary molars are replaced by _______
§ Permanent molars have no _______ and erupt _______ to primary molars
primary premolars
premolars
predecessors
distal
Palmer vs. Federation Dentaire International Numbering System
L shaped dictates location for palmer
quadrants dictate dentaire (1-4 for permanent, 5-7 for primary, then 51 etc.)
When does the development of primary teeth start?
_______ weeks in ____
When does calcification of the primary teeth start?
____ in utero
How much of the crown of primary teeth has formed at birth?
____ (approximately)
By when the enamel formation has been completed for all primary teeth?
By ____ of age
6-8 weeks, utero
14-20th week
1/2-5/6
12 months
Stages of development (eruption) of the dentition Birth - 6 months: \_\_\_ 6 months - 2.5 years: \_\_\_ 2.5 years - 6 years: \_\_\_\_ 6 - 12 years: \_\_\_\_\_ > 12 years: \_\_\_\_\_
edentulous arches eruption of primary teeth full primary dentition mixed dentition permanent dentition
Birth -6 months of age
___ usually visible at birth
What is an exception?
___ or ___ teeth
no teeth
natal -> present at birth
neonatal -> erupt 30 days of birth
Natal and Neonatal Teeth q Natal teeth q \_\_\_ at birth q Neonatal teeth q Erupt within \_\_\_ after birth q May be \_\_\_ teeth q More likely early eruption of \_\_\_ q Unknown why they occur; superficial position of the tooth germ, associated with a \_\_\_
present 30days extra primary teeth (85%) hereditary factor
When does the eruption of the primary teeth start? Which is the first primary teeth to erupt?Does eruption of primary teeth happen earlier in boys or girls?
§ ___ of age -> First primary tooth erupts
§ ___
§ Boys and girls have similar eruption times for ___ (in contrast to ___ teeth: girls do erupt their permanent teeth ___ than boys)
6-10 months mandibular central incisor primary permanent earlier
Calcification of roots normally is completed by age ___- Active eruption occurs when ___ of the root is formed - Usually erupt in ___
3-4 years
2/3
erupts
7+4
Explain
7 months is starting point 11 months = 4 erupted teeth 15 months = 8 erupted 19 months = 12 erupted 23 months = 16 erupted 27 months = 20 erupted
Sequence of Eruption of Primary Teeth
___ before maxillary
§ ___ to back except ___ before canine
mandibular
front
1st primary molar
3 years
§ Primary teeth in ___
occlusion
3 1⁄2 years
§ All primary teeth in ___ and ___ completed
occlusion
roots
Spacing in primary dentition
§ ___ spacing
§ interdental spacing mostly in the ___ area of the mouth
§ Primate spacing
§ Distal to the ___
§ Distal to upper ___
§ ___ (than the rest of interdental) spaces
generalized
anterior
lower primary canine
primary lateral incisor
wider
Primate Spaces
• Naturally occurring spaces in the primary dentition
• Maxillary: between the ___ and ___
• Mandibular: between the ___ and ___
lateral
canine
canine
molar
§ SPACED
§ ___ of primary dentitions: spaced
§ ___ of primary dentition: non spaced
§ Once established, arches ___ spaced or non- spaced over the course of primary dentition
2/3
1/3
remain
Does primary spacing affects crowding outcome into the permanent dentition? Spacing >= 6mm = \_\_\_ Spacing 3-6 mm = \_\_\_ Spacing < 3 mm = \_\_\_ No spacing = \_\_\_ Crowded primary = \_\_\_
no crowding 20% crowding 50% crowding 66% crowding 100% with incisor crowding
Molar relationship § Defined by the mesiodistal relation between the \_\_\_ surfaces of the upper and lower \_\_\_ (terminal plane) § 3 types § \_\_\_ terminal plane § \_\_\_ step terminal plane § \_\_\_ step terminal plane
distal second primary molars flush mesial distal
Flush terminal plane
§ The upper and lower distal surface of the second primary molars are in the ___ plane
same vertical
Mesial step terminal place
§ Distal surface of the lower second primary molar is more ___ to the ___ surface of the upper second primary molar
Step is defined by ___
mesial
distal
mandibular primary molar
Distal step terminal plane
§ Distal surface of the lower second primary molar is more ___ to the ___ surface of the upper second primary molar
distal
distal
Canine (cuspid) Relationship
§ Mesial stepà___
§ Distal stepà___
§ Excessive mesial stepà___
§ Class I: the tip of the max primary canine is in the ___ as the distal surface of the mandibular primary canine
§ Class II: the tip of the max. primary canine is ___ to distal surface of the mandibular primary canine
§ Class III: the tip of the max. primary canine is ___ to the distal surface of the mandidbular primary canine
class I class II class III same plane mesial distal
Overjet and Overbite § Ideal § Overjet: \_\_\_ § Overbite: \_\_\_ § \_\_\_ in primary dentition § may indicate \_\_\_ § \_\_\_ or open bite § may be evidence for a habit i.e., \_\_\_
0-4mm 10-40% excessive overbite skeletal malocclusion excessive overjet thumbsucking
Can we predict the size of the permanent dentition from the size of the primary teeth?
§ Correlation coefficient (r) values between size of the primary and permanent teeth range from r= ___
§ There is little if any about primary dentition size that predicts ___
§ Correlation coefficients of r= ___ or higherare required to make predictions for theindividual patient at chairside
0.2-0.6
permanent dentition size
0.8
Primary Dentition vs. Perm Dentition
Crowns of ___ teeth
u ___ width is close to, or greater than, the ___ length dimension
n Roots of primary anterior teeth are ___ and ___ in relation to their crowns
primary anterior mesiodistal (MD) incisalgingival (IG) narrower longer
§ Roots of primary molars are relatively ___, more ___ and flare ___ than the permanent counter parts
§ Why are the roots of the primary molars more flare than those of the permanent teeth?
longer
slender
more
make room for the growing permanent tooth bud
Cervical ridges (___) of the primary anterior teeth and posterior teeth are more ___ than those of the permanent
buccally
prominent
___ and ___ surfaces of primary molars are flatter in the ___ and ___ and have narrower occlusal surfaces
buccal
lingual
middle
occlusal 1/3rds
Primary teeth are usually are ____
whiter
C, The pulpal horns are higher in ____, especially the ____ horns, and pulp chambers are proportionately ____E,
The enamel rods at the cervix slope ____ instead of gingivally as in the ____
F, The primary molars have a markedly ____ compared with the permanent molars
primary molars
mesial
larger
occlusally
permanent teeth
constricted neck
Primary Maxillary Central Incisor
q The crown
q is ____ mesiodistally (MD) than it incisocervically
q The only incisor with ____ > crown height
q The ____ edge is more rounded than the mesio-incisal edge
q is convex in the ____ dimension
q Lingually, has mesial and distal marginal ridges, a ____ and a cingulum
q The root is ____
wider MD breadth distoincisal mesiodistal lingual fossa conical-shaped
Primary Maxillary Central Incisor
§ The ____ width of the facial of the maxillary central incisor is greater than the ____ length
mesiodistal
inciso-cervical
Primary Maxillary Lateral Incisor
q In relation to the primary maxillary central incisor the crown of the primary maxillary lateral incisor:
q is much ____ both mesio-distally and incisocervically
q has a greater dimension ____ than mesio-distally
q the ____ is more rounded
q lingually the marginal ridges are moreprominent, making the lingual fossa ____
q The root of the primary maxillary lateral incisor is ____ than the root of the maxillary central incisor
smaller incisocervically distal incisal angle deeper longer
Maxillary Primary Lateral Incisor
§ The maxillary lateral is not as wide ____ as the maxillary central
mesiodistally
Primary Mandibular Central Incisor
§ The crown of the primary mandibular central incisor is
§ ____ than the primary maxillary central incisor
§ Has ____ mesial- incisal and distal-incisal angles
§ Incisal edge is ____
§ The lingual surface is smooth making the ____ and ____ indistinct and the lingual fossa shallow.
§ The root is ____, slender and long
smaller 90 degree horizontal marginal ridges cingulum single
Primary Mandibular Central Incisor
§ The mandibular central incisor is ____ in relationship to the maxillary central incisor
smaller
Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisor
§ The crown of the primary mandibular lateral incisor is ____ than that of the primary mandibular central incisor
§ in both the ____ dimension and in the ____ dimensions
§ The ____ angle is more rounded than that of the mandibular central incisor
§ Lingually, the marginal ridges are more convex, making the lingual fossa ____
§ The root is ____ and ____ than that of the mandibular central incisor
larger incisor-cervical mesio-distal disto-incisal deeper longer thicker
Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisor
§ The crown of the mandibular lateral incisor (2) has a longer ____ length than that of he primary mandibular central incisor (1)
§ The crown of the primary mandibular lateral incisor (2) is ____ mesio-distally than that of the the primary mandibular central incisor (1)
inciso-cervical
wider
Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisor
§ The mandibular lateral incisor (2) has a ____ root than the mandibular central incisor (1)
§ The disto-incisal angle of the mandibular lateral incisor (2) is more ____ than that of the mandibular central incisor (1)
longer
rounded
Primary Maxillary Canine
§ The crown of the primary maxillary canine is larger ____ than mesio-distally
§ The mesio-incisal cusp ridge has a greater slope than the disto- incisal, that is, the cusp tip is ____ located
§ The tooth is ____ facial- lingually than the incisors
§ Lingually, there is a ____lingual cingulum and lingual ridge. Mesio-lingual and disto- lingual fossa are present
§ The root is similar to the ____, except longer
inciso-cervically distally thicker prominent maxillary incisors
Primary Maxillary Canine
§ The cusp tip of the canine divides the incisal edge into the ____ cusp ridge and the ____ cusp ridge. The mesial cusp ridge is ____
mesial
distal
longer
Primary Maxillary Canine
§ The root of the maxillary canine is ____ than the root of the ____ and ____.
longer
maxillary lateral
central
Primary Mandibular Canine
§ The ____ of the crown of the primary mandibular canine is ____ than the mesio-incisal–the opposite of the primary maxillary canine
§ The primary mandibular canine is ____ mesio-distally than the primary maxillary canine
§ The lingual features are ____ on the mandibular versus the maxillary
§ The root of the primary mandibular canine is more ____ than that of the primary maxillary canine
disto-incisal edge longer narrower less distinct tapered
Primary Mandibular Canine
§ The mandibular canine has essentially the same features and characteristics as the ____ (1), except on the mandibular canine the distal incisal edge is ____ than the mesial–the opposite of the maxillary
maxillary canine
longer
Primary Maxillary First Molar
§ Intermediate between a premolar and a molar
§ ____ primary molar
§ The ____ is greater than the occluso-cervical height
§ Usually three cusps are present, mesio-facial, disto-facial, and ____
§ The lingual surface is ____ than the facial
§ There is an ____ on the occlusal
§ There are ____ roots–largest to smallest: ____, mesio-facial, disto-facial
§ Of the three pulp horns, the mesio-facial is the ____
smallest mesio-distal dimension lingual narrower oblique ridge three lingual largest
Primary Maxillary First Molar
§ The maxillary first molar is triangular in shape; with the facial mesio-distal dimension being ____ than the lingual
§ There is a prominent ____ connecting the mesio-buccal and lingual cusps.
larger
oblique ridge
Maxillary First Molar
§ The three roots are the ____ (C), ____ (A), and the ____ (B).
mesio-facial
disto-facial
lingual
Primary Maxillary Second Molar
§ This tooth resembles the ____
§ There are ____ cusps present: mesio-facial, disto-facial, mesio-lingual, distal-lingual, and ____
§ An ____ extends from the disto- facial to the mesio-lingual cusp
§ It has the same groove and fossa pattern as the ____
§ There is a ____
§ There are ____ roots, from largest to smallest: lingual, mesio-facial, and disto- facial
§ There are usually three root canals, with the ____ being the most prominent
maxillary first permanent molar five cusp of carabelli oblique ridge first permanent molar lingual groove three mesio-facial pulp horn
Primary Maxillary Second Molar
§ The maxillary second molar is ____ in appearance. Note the the facial-lingual dimension is ____ than the mesial-distal one.
rhomboid
greater
Primary Maxillary Second Molar
§ The maxillary second molar (1) is ____ than the maxillary first molar (2).
§ Note the ____ shape to the second molar in comparison to the ____ shape of the first.
larger
rhomboid
triangular
Primary Maxillary Second Molar § The second molar has five cusps: § A: \_\_\_\_ § B: \_\_\_\_ § C: \_\_\_\_ § D: \_\_\_\_ § E: \_\_\_\_
§ There are three pits in the occlusal surface:
§ ____
§ ____
§ ____
mesio-facial mesio-lingual cusp of carabelli disto-lingual disto-facial
mesial pit
central pit
distal pit
Primary Maxillary Second Molar
§ Similar to all maxillary molars, both primary and permanent, the maxillary second primary molar has three roots: ____, ____, and ____
mesio-facial
disto-facial
lingual
Primary Maxillary Second Molar
§ The maxillary second molar has one ____ that corresponds to each cusp, and one ____ that corresponds to each root; Therefore it has ____ pulp horns and ____ root canals.
§ The longest pulp horn is the ____
pulp horn root canal five three mesio-facial
Primary Mandibular First MolarThis tooth doesn’t resemble ____-It is ____ unto itself-There is a pronounced, ____ buccally at the ____
any other tooth
unique
bulbous enamel bulge
mesial
Primary Mandibular First Molar
§ The crown is larger ____ than ____
§ The ____ cusps are the mesio-facial, disto- facial, mesio-lingual, and distal-lingual; with the ____ cusps being the largest
§ A transverse ridge exists between the ____ and ____ cusps
§ There are three pits: the ____, the ____ and the ____
§ The ____ is distinctive
§ Two roots, the mesial and distal, which arewider ____ than mesio-distally
§ The number of pulp horns correspond to the number of cusps (____), with the ____ being the largest
§ There may be two root canals in the ____ root
mesio-distally facial-lingually four mesial mesio-facial mesio-lingual mesial, distal, central mesial facial-lingually four mesio-facial mesial
Primary Mandibular First Molar
§ Because of the extreme occlusal convergence of the ____ surface, the occlusal table of the mandibular first molar is narrow ____
facial
facial-lingually
Primary Mandibular First Molar
§ In cross section the mandibular first molar presents a very prominent ____ at the cervical (A); a characteristic unique to this tooth.
facial bulge
Primary Mandibular First Molar
§ The tooth has four cusps:
§ ____§ ____§ ____§ ____§
The mesial aspect of the tooth is marked by a distinct ____, which runs across the tooth between the ____ and ____ cusps.
§ The tooth has three pits: § ____§ ____§ ____
mesio-facial mesio-lingual disto-facial disto-lingual transverse ridge mesio-facial, mesio-lingual mesial central distal
Primary Mandibular First Molar
§ Similar to ____ the mandibular first primary molar has two roots; a ____ and a ____.
§ The mesial and distal roots of the tooth are narrow and convex in the ____ directions (1), but broad ____ (2).
permanent molars mesial distal mesio-distal facio-lingual
Primary Mandibular First Molar
§ Corresponding the to number of cusps, the pulp chamber has ____ pulp horns
§ While the tooth has two roots, the ____ root (the larger of the two roots) has two root canals, which correspond to the two largest cusps the ____ and the ____.
four
mesial
mesio-facial
mesio-lingual
Primary Mandibular Second Molar
§ The primary second primary molar closely resembles the ____
§ Five cusps are present: ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
§ The ____ roots (mesial and distal) are ____ than those of the mandibular first primary molar
§ There are ____ pulp horns, and commonly ____ (sometimes four) root canals: mesio-facial, mesio- lingual and distal
permanent mandibular first molar mesio-facial, disto-facial, mesio-lingual, disto-lingual, distal two larger five three
Primary Mandibular Second Molar
§ Five cusps:§ A: ____§ B: ____§ C: ____§ D: ____§ E: ____
§ Three pits: § ____ § ____§ ____
mesio-facial
distal-facial
distalmesio-lingual
distal-lingual
mesial pit
central pit
distal pit
Primary Mandibular Second Molar
§ ____ roots, a mesial and a distal
§ The roots are ____ to accommodate the developing succedaneous permanent tooth
two
flared
Primary Mandibular Second Molar
§ Corresponding to the cusps, the pulp chamber has five ____
§ The tooth has either ____ or ____ root canals. The mesial root has ____ canals
§ The distal root may have ____ or ____ canals
pulp horns three four two one two
