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PMOC > PREMIX EXAM > Flashcards

PREMIX EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

The oldest record of the use of therapeutic plants and minerals are derived from the ancient civilizations of the _____, ______ the _____ of _______ and the _______ people of _____.

A

CHINESE, HINDUS, MAYANS
CENTRAL AMERICA
MEDITERRANEAN, ANTIQUITY

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2
Q

He compiled a book about herbs in 2735 BC.

A

SCHOLAR EMPEROR SHEN NUNG

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3
Q

An antimalarial alkaloid

A

CH’ANG SHANG

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4
Q

a treatment for hypotension, from which ephedrine was isolated.

A

MA HUANG

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5
Q

The 2 book about herbs from which Scholar Emperor Shen Nung compiled?

A

CH’ANG SHANG
MA HUANG

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6
Q

It is known to the Indigenous American Indians as a treatment for various skin problems such as psoriasis and eczema.

A

CHAULMOOGRA FRUIT

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7
Q

Chaulmoogra fruit is a treatment for various skin conditions such as?

A

PSORIASIS AND ECZEMA

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8
Q

It contains emetine that was used in Brazil for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea.

A

IPECACUANHA ROOT

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9
Q

It is a class or medicine used to induces nausea and vomiting for the emergency treatment of poisoning with certain toxins that have been swallowed.

A

EMETIC AGENTS

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10
Q

The early explorers found out that the South American Indians chewed ________ (containing ____) and used ______ (containing ______) as a hallucinogens.

A

COCOA LEAVES (COCAINE)
MUSHROOMS (TRYPTAMINE)

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11
Q

Non-synthetic narcotic herbs

A

OPIUM

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12
Q

An expectorant herb in the drugs of antiquity.

A

SQUILL

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13
Q

Can treat pain and insomnia, and a local anesthetic) in the drugs of Antiquity.

A

HYOSCYAMUS

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14
Q

4 herbs that can be found in the ancient greek apothecary shops:

A

OPIUM
SQUILL
HYOSCYAMUS
VIPER TOXIN

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15
Q

Metallic drugs found in the ancient greek apothecary shops:

A

COPPER
ZINC ORES
IRON SULFATE
CADMIUM OXIDE

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16
Q

In what year when Scholar Emperor Shen Nung compiled a book about herbs?

A

2735 BC

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17
Q

He uses Antimony as a purgative and gained much popularity after it was used to cure Louis XIV

A

PARACELSUS (PHILIPPUS AUREOLUS THEOPHRASTUS BOMBASTUS von HOHENHEIM)

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18
Q

It is used to treat people infected with types of parasites; such as prople who have schistosomiasis.

A

ANTIMONY

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19
Q

Complete name of Paracelsus?

A

PHILIPPUS AUREOLUS THEOPHRASTUS BOMBASTUS von HOHENHEIM

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20
Q

In what year did Paracelsus used antimony as purgative?

A

1493-1541

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21
Q

Who did Paracelsus cured by using the Antimony?

A

LOUIS XIV

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22
Q

They refined and extended the technique of chemical analysis. The emphasis was shifted from finding new medicaments from the vast world of plants to finding the active ingredients that accounted for their pharmacologic properties.

A

EUROPEAN CHEMISTS

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23
Q

A German Chemist who synthesized acetic acid in 1845.

A

HERMANN KOLBE

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24
Q

A french chemist who synthesized methane in 1856.

A

PIERRE-EUGÈNE-MARCELLIN BERTHELOT

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25
Q

He isolated morphine in 1803.

A

FRIEDRICH WILHELM SERTÜRNER

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26
Q

He isolated emetine in 1816.

A

PIERRE-JOSPEH PELLETIER

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27
Q

He isolated emetine in 1816. Also had a significant contribution in the purification of caffeine (CNS stimulant), quinine (anti-malarial), colchicine (anti-gout) in 1820.

A

PIERRE-JOSEPH PELLETIER

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28
Q

CNS stimulant

A

CAFFEINE

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29
Q

anti malarial in 19 century

A

QUINONE

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30
Q

ACUTE ANTI-GOUT ARTHRITIS

A

COLCHICINE

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31
Q

Chronic anti-gout arthritis

A

ALLOPURINOL

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32
Q

An English Physician and Botany, who used digitalis as a treatment for dropsy.

A

WILLIAM WITHERING

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33
Q

A german chemist who isolated cocaine in 1860, and the active ingredient physostigmine from the calabar bean in 1864.

A

ALBERT NEIMANN

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34
Q

PABA

A

PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID

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35
Q

He reported that the red dyestuff (2,4 diaminoazobenzene, 4-sulfonamide) dramatically cured dangerous systemic GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS in man and animals

A

DOMAGK

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36
Q

It is the first antibacterial drug (introduced in 1935) and the first sulfonamide antibiotics.

A

PRONTOSIL

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37
Q

They observed that the bacteriostatic action of sulfonamide-like drugs was antagonized by PABA.

A

WOODS AND FIDES

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38
Q

What year did Wood and Fides observe the bacteriostatic action of sulfonamide like drugs.

A

1940

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39
Q

In what year di the first antibacterial drug (prontosil) introduced?

A

1935

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40
Q

In what year did Albert Neimann isolated Coacaine?

A

1860

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41
Q

In what year did Pierre-Joseph Pelletier isolated Emetine?

A

1816

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42
Q

In what year did Pierre-Eugène-Marcellin Berthelot synthesized methane?

A

1856

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43
Q

In what year was Hermann Kolbe synthesized the acetic acid?

A

1845

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44
Q

Pennicillin was discovered by?

A

ALEXANDER FLEMING

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45
Q

When was Penicillin discovered?

A

1928

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46
Q

Discovery of penicillin (B lactam antibiotic) by Alexander Fleming in 1928 and its subsequent examination by ______ and ______ in 1938.

A

HOWARD FLOREY
ERNST CHAIN

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47
Q

When was florey’s team successfully cured an infected mice with penicillin?

A

MAY 25, 1940

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48
Q

Chemical structure of Prontosil.

A

C12H13N5O25

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49
Q

Penicillin is known as the war’s _______, curing infectious disease and saving millions of lives.

A

“MIRACLE DRUG”

50
Q

In what year did Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain, Howard Florey were awarded the Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for the discover of penicillin and it curative effect in various infectious diseases”

51
Q

It is used to modify the mood and mental states of psychiatric patients.

A

STIMULANTS AND DEPRESSANTS

52
Q

_____, _____ and ______ were used to stimulate or depress the mental states of a patient

A

AMPHETAMINE
SEDATIVES
HYPNOTICS

53
Q

A treatment for schizophrenia by charpentier.

A

CHLORPROMAZINE

54
Q

Where did Charpentier first synthesized the molecule in 1950?

A

RHONE-POUCLENC’S RESEARCH LABORATORY

55
Q

He reported distinctive effects on animal behavior

A

SIMON COURVOISIER

56
Q

He first synthesized the molecule on 1950 at RHONE-POULENC’S RESEARCH LABORATORY.

A

CHARPENTIER

57
Q

He is a french millitary surgeon who first noticed distinctive psychotropic effects in man.

A

HENRI LABORIT

58
Q

A french psychiatrists who clearly outlined what was now become its accepted use in psychiatry and without whose endorsement and prestige, Rhone-Poulenc might never have developed further as an antipsychotic.

A

JEAN DENIKER and JEAN DELAY

59
Q

CPZ or chlorpromazine became available as?

60
Q

The first pure hormone to be isolated from an endocrine gland was?

A

EPINEPHRINE

61
Q

Epinephrine which led to further molecular modifications in the area of?

A

SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES

62
Q

In 1914, He isolated thyroxine (T4) from the thyroid gland?

A

EDWARD KENDALL

63
Q

In what year did edward kendall isolated thyroxine from the thyroid gland?

64
Q

He subsequently won the Nob Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for his discovery of Cortisone?

A

EDWARD KENDALL

65
Q

Edward Kendall subsequently won the Nob Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for his discovery of ______?

66
Q

It is the major achievement in drug discovery and development in 1921 from animal sources.

A

discover of INSULIN

67
Q

When was the major achievement in the discovery of Insulin.

68
Q

It is created by our pancreas, it regulated our body’s metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

69
Q

A Canadian biochemist and the pharmaceutical industry, were able to purify and produce animal-based insulin in large quantities.

A

JAMES B COLLIP

70
Q

In what year did the researchers, with the help of James B Collip, a canadian biochemist and the pharmaceutical industry, were able to purify and produce animal-based insulin in large quantities

71
Q

______found that for hundred of years, Mexican women had been eating ______ of the _____ for ______.

A

RUSELL MARKER
WILD YAMS
DIOSCOREA GENUS
CONTRACEPTION

72
Q

It is abundant in yams and has a similar structure to progesterone.

73
Q

When did Rusell Marker discovered that for hundred of years, Mexican Women had been eating wild yams?

74
Q

A chemist working at the Syntex Laboratories in Mexico City, sythesized norethindrone.

A

CARL DJERASSI

75
Q

The first orally active contraceptive steroid, by a subtle modification of the structure of progesterone.

A

NORETHINDRONE

76
Q

The first use of synthetic organic chemicals for the modulation of life processes occurred when _____, ____ and ______were introduced in anesthesia in 1840’s.

A

NITROUS OXIDE
ETHER
CHLOROFORM

77
Q

a dentist in Hartford, Connecticut administered nitrous oxide during a tooth extraction.

A

HORACE WELLS

78
Q

A dentist in HartFord, Connecticut administered nitrous oxide during a tooth extraction.

A

HORACE WELLS

79
Q

A Georgia physician, employed ether as an anesthetic for excising the growth on a patient’s neck.

A

CRAWFORD LONG

80
Q

A dentist, who gave the first successful public demonstration of surgical anesthesia on ______, at the surgical amphitheater that us now called Ether Dome in Massachusetts, General Hospital.

A

WILLIAM MORTON
OCOTOBER 16, 1846

81
Q

That name of the surgical theater now?

A

ETHER DOME ON MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL

82
Q

In what year did William Morton gave the first successful public demonstration of surgical anesthesia?

A

OCTOBER 16, 1846

83
Q

He popularized the use of opium in Europe.

A

PARACELSUS

84
Q

An alcoholic solution of opium known as _____, was the first method of administration.

85
Q

In what century did paracelsus popularized the use of opium in Europe.

A

SIXTEENTH CENTURY

86
Q

It was first isolated in pure crystalline form from opium in 1805.

87
Q

He is the German Apothecary who name the compound ‘morphium’ after ‘morpheus’ the greek god of Dreams

A

FRIEDRICH W. SERTÜRNER

88
Q

The greek god of Dreams

89
Q

Alcohol extract of opium

90
Q

Since antiquity, alcoholic beverages and potions containing laudanum, an alcoholic extract of opium, and various other plant products have been used to ______.

A

INDUCE SLEEP

91
Q

were used in the middle of the nineteenth century as a sedative/hypnotic, as was chloral hydrate, paraldehyde, urethane and sulfenal.

92
Q

was synthesized by the Bayer Pharmaceutical Company and introduced to the market under the name Luminol.

A

PHENOBARBITAL

93
Q

they synthesized phenobarbital and was introduced to the market under the name luminol.

A

BAYER PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY

94
Q

Phenobarbital was introduced to the mark under the name?

95
Q

The compound was effective as a hypnotic but it also exhibited anticonvulsant properties.

A

PHENOBARBITAL

96
Q

The modification of barbituric acid molecule led to the development of?

A

HYDANTOINS

97
Q

Phenytoin is also known as?

A

DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN OR DILANTIN

98
Q

Phenytoin was first synthesized in what year?

99
Q

not a sedative at ordinary doses, it established that anti-seizure drugs need not induce drowsiness.

100
Q

the anticonvulsant properties of phenytoin was not discovered until?

101
Q

Chemical structure of Barbiturates

102
Q

Chemical structure of hydantoin

103
Q

Chemical structure of phenytoin

A

C15H12N2O2

104
Q

Induced in the category are _____, _____ , _____ and _____ used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia, pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure, arrhythmia and hypercholesteromia.

A

DIURETICS
VASSOPRESIN
RENIN
ANGIOTENSIN DRUGS

105
Q

was attributed to William Withering, who in 1775 discovered that the foxglove plant, Digitalis Purpurea was beneficial to those suffering from abnormal fluid buildup.

106
Q

Digoxin was attributed to?

A

WILLIAM WITHERING

107
Q

When was digoxin was attributed to William Withering?

108
Q

In 1775, William Withering discovered that the _____, ____ was beneficial to those suffering from Abnormal fluid buildup.

A

FOXGLOVE PLANT, DIGITALIS PURPUREA

109
Q

The active principles of digitalis were isolated in ____ by ____, _____ in Paris. These active priciples consisted mainly of Digitoxin

A

1841
E. HUMOLLE
T. QUEVENNE

110
Q

Cholesterol lowering drugs

111
Q

One of the cornerstones in the prevention of both primary and secondary heart diseases.

112
Q

The discovery of statins can be credited to this research scientist at Sankyo Pharmaceuticals in Japan.

A

AKIRA ENDO

113
Q

What was the first effective leukemia drug?

A

6-MERCAPTOPURINE

114
Q

Who developed the first leukemia drug, 6 mercaptopurine.

A

GEORGE HITCHINGS
GERTRUDE ELION

115
Q

Who is the technician of George Hitchings in the development of 6 mercaptopurine?

A

GERTRUDE ELION

116
Q

Who discovered cisplatin as a cancer treatment?

A

BARNETT ROSENBERG, PhD

117
Q

When did Barnett Rosenberg, PhD discovered cisplatin as a treatment for cancer?

118
Q

Cisplatin was synthesized in ____ by Barnett Rosenberg.

119
Q

It is now the gold standard against which new medicines are compared,

120
Q

A second generation compound which has less toxicity and fewer side effects.

A

CARBOPLATIN

PMOC (6 decks)

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