Premade CPL 1-100 Flashcards
The CPL applies exclusively to all ____ and _____ that occurred upon or after its effective date, as well as the appeals and post judgment proceedings that may follow
criminal actions and proceedings
The CPL applies to criminal actions and proceedings that have occurred prior to the effective date but were still pending beyond the effective date including their appeals and post judgment proceedings. T/F?
TRUE
What are the seven accusatory instruments?
- Indictment2. Superior Court Information (SCI)3. Information4. Simplified information5. Prosecutor’s Information6. Misdemeanor Complaint7. Felony Complaint
Which accusatory instruments are filed in the Superior Court?
- Indictment|
- Superior Court Information (SCI)
Which accusatory instruments are filed in the Local Criminal Courts?
- Information2. Simplified Information3. Prosecutor’s Information4. Misdemeanor Complaint5. Felony Complaint
NAME THAT ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT: A written accusation by a GRAND JURY, filed with a SUPERIOR COURT which charges one or more defendants, with the commission of one or more offenses, at least one of which is a CRIME and serves as a BASIS FOR PROSECUTION
Indictment
NAME THAT ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT:A written accusation by a DISTRICT ATTORNEY, filed with a SUPERIOR COURT which charges one or more defendants, with the commission of one or more offenses, at least one of which is a CRIME and serves as a BASIS FOR PROSECUTION
Superior Court information
NAME THAT ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT:A verified written accusation by a PERSON, filed with a LOCAL CRIMINAL COURT, which charges one or more defendants, with the commission of one or more offenses, NONE OF WHICH IS A FELONY, and which may serve to both COMMENCE a criminal action and as a BASIS FOR PROSECUTION
Information
NAME THAT ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT:This is a general name, which encompasses a SIMPLIFIED TRAFFIC INFORMATION, SIMPLIFIED PARKS INFORMATION AND SIMPLIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION, prescribed by the commissioners of motor vehicles, parks, and environmental conservation respectively. They are all in brief and simplified form, cannot charge a FELONY and may serve to both COMMENCE a criminal action and as a BASIS FOR PROSECUTION
Simplified information
NAME THAT ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT:A written accusation by a DISTRICT ATTORNEY, filed with a LOCAL CRIMINAL COURT, which charges one or more defendants, with the commission of one or more offenses, NONE OF WHICH IS A FELONY, and which serves as a BASIS FOR PROSECUTION, Take note: As seen in CPL 100.10, it can commence a criminal action, but only upon the direction of the grand jury that it be filed in a case not previously commenced in a local criminal court
Prosecutor’s information
NAME THAT ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT:A verified written accusation by a PERSON, filed with a LOCAL CRIMINAL COURT, which charges one or more defendants, with the commission of one or more offenses, at least one of which is a MISDEMEANOR and NONE OF WHICH IS A FELONY, and which may COMMENCE a criminal action only, but which may not, except with THE DEFENDANT’S CONSENT serve as a BASIS FOR PROSECUTION
Misdemeanor complaint
NAME THAT ACCUSATORY INSTRUMENT:A verified written accusation by a PERSON, filed with a LOCAL CRIMINAL COURT, which charges one or more defendants, with the commission of one or more FELONIES, which serves to COMMENCE a criminal action but is not a basis for PROSECUTION
Felony Complaint
Name the three types of informations that encompass simplified informations:
TRAFFIC INFORMATION,
PARKS INFORMATION
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION INFORMATION
Which accusatory instrument(s) can never serve as a basis for prosecution?
Felony Complaint
Which accusatory instrument can serve as basis for prosecution ONLY with the defendant’s consent?
Misdemeanor complaint
All accusatory instruments regardless of the person deemed the accuser MUST be entitled:
A. The People of (the county where offense occurred) against (the person named as the defendant)
B. The People of these United States against (the person named as the defendant)
C. The People of the State of New York against (the person named as the defendant)
D. The (Name of the Court) against the (the person named as the defendant)
C. The People of the State of New York against (the person named as the defendant)
Definition:When the defendant appears in court after the filing of an accusatory instrument to have the court acquire and exercise control over the person.
ARRAIGNMENT
Definition:| This commences with the selection of the jury and continues to verdict.
JURY TRIAL
Definition:This commences with the first opening address if there is one, or when the first witness is sworn and continues to verdict
A NON-JURY TRIAL
Definition:| The entry of a plea of guilty or verdict of guilty
CONVICTION
Definition:| The imposition and entry of sentence upon conviction
SENTENCE
Definition:| The combination of both the CONVICTION and SENTENCE
JUDGEMENT
Define:| COMMENCEMENT OF A CRIMINAL ACTION
A criminal action commences with the filing of an accusatory instrument
How is a criminal action commenced?
A. With an arrest
B. With an arraignment
C. With the opening address
D. With the filing of an accusatory instrument
D. With the filing of an accusatory instrument
Definition:| When a court has the authority to accept a plea or try a matter and ultimately dispose of the accusatory instrument
TRIAL JURISDICTION
Definition:When a court has the authority to commence a criminal action and conduct proceedings that will lead to prosecution and disposition of an action in a court that has trial jurisdiction
PRELIMINARY JURISDICTION
Definition:A written notice issued by a public servant directing a person to appear in a local criminal court for an accusatory instrument to be filed against them
APPEARANCE TICKET
Definition:This is issued by a local criminal court or superior court directing a person to appear to be arraigned upon an accusatory instrument already filed against them
SUMMONS
Definition:This is a directive from a local criminal court to a police officer, to scoop someone up and bring his butt to court, to be arraigned upon an accusatory instrument already filed against him
WARRANT OF ARREST
Definition:This is a directive from a superior court to a police officer, to scoop someone up and bring his butt to court, to be arraigned upon an indictment
SUPERIOR COURT WARRANT OF ARREST
Definition:The process of any criminal court directing a police officer or UNIFORMED COURT OFFICER to bring a defendant to court who has ALREADY BEEN ARRAIGNED, for the purpose of achieving their court appearance to be able continue on with a case that has already been commenced
BENCH WARRANT
Definition:When it is impossible to commit a crime without simultaneously committing another crime of lesser grade. Example: When you sell crack on the corner to your customers, it is impossible to not also be committing the crime of “possession of a controlled substance” in addition to the “sale of a controlled substance”
LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE
Definition:| A violation or traffic infraction
PETTY OFFENSE
Definition:| Includes an affirmation and every other mode authorized by law of attesting to the truth of that which is stated
OATH
What crime(s) must a thirteen year old commit or such conduct as a sexually motivated felony to be considered a Juvenile Offender?
1. Murder 1st
2. Murder 2nd
3. Kidnapping 1st
4. Rape 1st
5. Criminal Sexual Act 1st
A. 1 and/or 4
B. 1 only
C. 2 only
D. 3 or 4
E. 5 and 3
F. 5 and 2
C. 2 (only Murder 2nd)
What does MARK CABRA AP stand for?
MANSLAUGHTER 1
ASSAULT 1
RAPE
KIDNAPPING 1
CRIMINAL SEXUAL ACT 1
AGGRAVATED SEX ABUSE 1
BURGLARY 1 AND 2
ROBBERY 1 AND 2
ARSON 1
ATTEMPT TO COMMIT MURDER 2 OR KIDNAPPING 1 OR AS PART OF A SEXUALLY MOTIVATED FELONY
POSSESSION OF MACHINE GUN OR FIREARM ON SCHOOL GROUNDS
Definition:| Also known as “JHO’ is a person so designated as such pursuant to Article 22 of the Judiciary Law
Judicial Hearing Officer
Definition:a person charged with a felony committed on or after October first, two thousand eighteen when he or she was sixteen years of age or on or after October first, two thousand nineteen, when he or she was seventeen years of age.
ADOLESCENT OFFENDER
Definition:
- Where an arrest and any enforcement activity connected with that arrest, including prosecution and any disposition in any New York state court, is deemed a NULLITY and the accused is restored, in contemplation of the law, to the status such individual occupied before the arrest, prosecution and/or disposition; that records of such arrest, prosecution and/or disposition shall be marked as expunged or shall be destroyed as set forth in section 160.50 of this chapter.
- Neither the arrest nor prosecution and/or disposition, if any, of a matter deemed a nullity shall operate as a disqualification of any person so accused to pursue or engage in any lawful activity, occupation, profession or calling.
- Except where specifically required or permitted by statute or upon specific authorization of a superior court, no such person shall be required to divulge information pertaining to the arrest, prosecution and/or disposition of such a matter.
ExpungeREMEMBER: EXPUNGE = NULLITY
Which courts make up the Superior Courts?
Supreme court and County Courts
What courts make up the Local Criminal Courts?
District Court
NYC Criminal Court
City, Town, or Village Court
Supreme Court Justice or County Court Judge sitting as a Local Criminal Court
The Superior Courts have trial jurisdiction of:
A. Felonies and Petty offenses if included in indictments
B. Misdemeanors and Felonies, but no Petty Offenses
C. All offenses
D. Felonies only
C. All offenses
These Courts has EXCLUSIVE trial jurisdiction of FELONIES
The Superior Courts
Superior Courts have exclusive trial jurisdiction of____.
Felonies
Local criminal courts have trial jurisdiction of MISDEMEANORS, CONCURRENT with that of the ____
The Superior Courts
Superior Courts have trial jurisdiction of _______, CONCURRENT with that of the local criminal courts
Misdemeanors
When does the Superior Courts have trial jurisdiction over Petty Offenses?
When they are charged in an Indictment
The Superior Court has preliminary jurisdiction of ALL OFFENSES, but only:
A. By statute
B. By right of Court
C. Through the agency of their grand juries
D. By divestiture from the Local Criminal Courts
C. Through the agency of their grand juries
When a Superior Court Judge sits as local criminal court it is only for the following purposes:
- Conducting Arraignments
- Issuing Warrants of Arrest
- Issuing Search Warrants
The local criminal courts have trial jurisdiction of ________.
ALL OFFENSES OTHER THAN FELONIES